MODULE 1: Perspectives on Living Systems

Question 1

HOW DO YOU THINK KNOWLEDGE WAS PASSED ON?

Answer 1

Orally and Experientially

Question 2

The use of herbal medicines

Answer 2

oral and experiential

Question 3

Practice of “suob”

Answer 3

oral

Question 4

The belief of “usog, pasma, kulam”

Answer 4

oral

Question 5

5 key people

Answer 5

elders, storytellers, hunters, gatherers, farmer

Question 6

role of elders

Answer 6

performing special roles

Question 7

role of storytellers

Answer 7

stories, myth, legends

Question 8

role of hunters

Answer 8

creation of tools, innate knowledge of the environment

Question 9

role of gatherers

Answer 9

to see if it’s edible or not

Question 10

role of farmers

Answer 10

seasons

Question 11

IKSP stands for

Answer 11

Indigenous Knowledge, Systems, and Practices (IKSPs)

Question 12

what is iksp

Answer 12

myths, legends, and folklore passed through generations; product of careful and methodologically sound observations of the natural world

Question 13

Biocultural knowledge

Answer 13

traditional knowledge rooted both in the natural environment and what is readily available, grounded on the culture (values and norms) of the people

Question 14

name one DOH approved medicinal plants

Answer 14

sambong, akapulko, niyog-niyogan, tsaang gubat, ampalaya, lagundi, ulasimang bato, bawang, bayabas, yerba buena

Question 15

clay tablets written in cuneiform characters

encompassed both empirical and magical

Answer 15

Sumerians (4500 - 1750 BCE)

Question 16

Knowledge thru written transcripts of the lectures of these learned men

Answer 16

Greek Philosophers (800-300 BCE)

Question 17

Feudal and hierarchical - population is more concerned with the production of food and goods; Church is very powerful

Answer 17

Medieval Europe

Question 18

role of priests/church

Answer 18

sole interpreters of the god’s desires and of the Holy Texts; they had exclusive access to the stored knowledge and were the only ones authorized to interpret them

Question 19

the hypothetico-deductive
method and democratizing knowledge

Answer 19

The European Enlightenment

Question 20

proved cell theory and disproved spontaneous generation theory

Answer 20

Redi’s Generation of Insects

Question 21

a theory that physiological changes acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed down to the offspring.

Answer 21

Lamarck and his “Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters”

Question 22

one find it hard to adjust to a different environment

Answer 22

law of specialization

Question 23

improvement of microscopy advances in chemistry eventually allowed for analytical studies

Answer 23

Malpighi, Leeuwenhoek, and Hooke

Question 24

analyses a larger system by breaking it down into the most basic pieces

Answer 24

Reductionist Science

Question 25

Limits of mechanistic and reductionist paradigm

Answer 25

it is this utilitarian view of Nature that has led to the environmental crises that we experience today; a new perspective and thus new tools are needed in order to make sense of the whole.

Question 26

LOW INTERCONNECTIVITY, LOW INTERDEPENDENCY

Answer 26

reductionism

Question 27

HIGH INTERCONNECTIVITY, HIGH INTERDEPENDENCY

Answer 27

synthesis