MODULE 2: LIVING SYSTEMS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

more than the sum of its parts -> organized into hierarchies with increasing complexity

A

system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 things common in systems

A

Consist of elements/structure/parts
interconnections/interactions
Have a function/purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The more highly adapted an organism is to a specific environment, the more difficult it is for that organism to adapt to a different environment

A

law of specialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Analysis Paradigm

A

reductionist reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

synthesis paradigm

A

systems thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

biological levels of organization of living things

A

atom-> molecule-> organelle -> cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms -> populations -> communities -> ecosystem -> biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tries to gain understanding of a system by
breaking it down to its constituent
elements

A

Analysis Paradigm = Reductionist Reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tries to gain an understanding of an
entity through the context of its relation
within a whole that it is a part of

A

Synthesis Paradigm = Systems Thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT DIFFERENTIATES LIVING FROM NON-LIVING SYSTEMS?

A

living systems are organized into hierarchies with progressive specialization of functions;
only living things make the molecules of life; population - made of organisms of the same species living in a specific area -> community -> ecosystem ->
biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

seven basic functions that operate at each and all levels of the hierarchy

A

energetics
behavior
development
evolution
diversity
integration
regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

energy and matter conversion
the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of metabolizable energy by biological systems
material cycles and energy flows involve interactions between living and nonliving components in a system

A

energetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

patterns of behavior and development can be inferred at each level of organization
development at the level of ecosystem = ecosystem development or succession which is a common
way of how communities develop after disturbances

A

behavior and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

net cumulative change in the characteristic of a population over many generations;
descent with modification

A

evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the number of different species as well as the diversity of the genetic components within
a single species; can be observed at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels

A

diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanisms that ensure that living systems will carry out the activities in the proper sequence and the proper rate

A

integration and regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHAT DIFFERENTIATES LIVING FROM NON-LIVING SYSTEMS?

A

living systems are largely open systems with purposes and goals;

17
Q

a system that interacts with other systems by having inputs or outputs

A

open system

18
Q

for the control of the biogeochemical cycles

A

feedback mechanisms

19
Q

increase in input leads to a decrease in output; decrease in input leads to an increase
in output –> this keeps natural cycles in control

A

negative feedback

20
Q

increase in input leads to an increase in output; happens when humans depart from the natural cycle

A

positive feedback

21
Q

examples of negative feedback

A

Temperature regulation.
Blood pressure regulation.
Blood sugar regulation.
Thyroid regulation.
Photosynthesis in response to increased carbon dioxide.
Predator/prey population dynamic.
control of blood glucose

22
Q

examples of positive feedback

A

Blood clot formation.
Childbirth.
Ripening of fruit.
Menstrual cycle