SuSig A

Question 1

An elderly patient with hypothyroidism is recovering from a fall and is referred to physical therapy to increase tolerance and safety. The patient complains to the therapist of significant muscle pain in both lower extremities. What additional musculoskeletal effects should the therapist examine for?

Distal muscle weakness
Proximal muscle weakness
Joint laxity
Decreased deep tendon reflexes

Answer 1

Proximal muscle weakness

Question 2

A child experiences a superficial partial-thickness burn from a scalding pot of water affecting 26% of the thorax and neck. On what should the therapist’s INITIAL plan of care focus?

a. Return to preborn function and activities
b. Pain management
c. Infection management
d. Chest wall mobility and prevention of scar contracture

Answer 2

d. Chest wall mobility and prevention of scar contracture

Question 3

A patient is referred to a woman’s health clinic with moderate to severe uterine prolapse. What symptoms should the therapist examine for?

a. Absent perineal sensation
b. Bowel leakage
c. Low back pain and perineal discomfort aggravated by prolonged standing
d. Low back pain and perineal discomfort aggravated by lying down

Answer 3

c. Low back pain and perineal discomfort aggravated by prolonged standing

Question 4

A patient with coronary artery disease has been doing regular aerobic exercise on a treadmill. If the patient fails to comply in taking beta-blocker medication and continues to exercise, what potential rebound effect result?

a. Increase in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate during exercise
b. Decrease in blood pressure and heart rate during exercise
c. Increase in blood pressure and heart rate during exercise
d. Decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate during exercise

Answer 4

c. Increase in blood pressure and heart rate during exercise

Question 5

A patient has persistent midfoot pain with weight bearing. The injury occurred during a soccer match when an opposing player stepped on the patient’s right foot when it was planted and cutting to the left. Patient locates the pain where laces are tied. Upon examination there is splaying of the first metatarsal and increased pain when passively stressing the foot with plantarflexion and rotation. What injury should the therapist suspect the patient has sustained?

Lisfranc injury
Turf toe
Calcaneocuboid joint subluxation
Hallux rigidus

Answer 5

Lisfranc injury

Question 6

A patient is referred to physical therapy with a 10-year history rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What are possible extra-articular complications?

Disc degeneration
Psoriatic skin and nail changes
Vasculitis
Conjunctivitis and iritis

Answer 6

Vasculitis

Question 7

A physical therapist is instructing an elderly patient how to perform bed mobility following total hip replacement. The therapist should carefully consider the effects of aging that relate to skin. What is one such effect?

Increased perception of pain
Impaired sensory integrity
Increased skin elasticity
Increased inflammatory responsiveness

Answer 7

Impaired sensory integrity

Question 8

What would a therapist who is examining the breathing pattern of a patient with a complete (ASIA A) C5 spinal cord injury expect to observe?

a. Asymmetric lateral costal expansion due to ASIA A injury
b. An increased subcostal angle due to air trapping from muscle weakness
c. No diaphragmatic motion since the diaphragm is below the level of the lesion
d. Rising of the abdomen due to no abdominal muscle tone on the abdominal viscera

Answer 8

d. Rising of the abdomen due to no abdominal muscle tone on the abdominal viscera

Question 9

Men are at high risk for development of metabolic syndrome if they exhibit which of the following symptoms?

An HDL level lower than 45 mg/dL
A waist size greater than 40 inches
Triglyceride levels greater than 100 mg/dL
Fasting blood glucose less than 100 mg/dL

Answer 9

A waist size greater than 40 inches

Question 10

During an examination, the limitations of ultrasound imaging include which of the following?

a. Inability to clearly see cartilage in infants
b. Disruption of cardiac pacemakers
c. Difficulty penetrating bone and therefore visualizing internal structure of bones
d. Inability to give a clear picture of tendons and therefore diagnose tendon tears

Answer 10

c. Difficulty penetrating bone and therefore visualizing internal structure of bones

Question 11

A patient with a BMI of 37 is referred to physical therapy for exercise conditioning. What are additional clinical manifestations associated with the BMI that this patient might exhibit?

Hyperpnea and hyperpituitarism
Hypertension and hyperinsulinism
Hormone-related cancer
Hyperlipoproteinemia and hypotension

Answer 11

Hypertension and hyperinsulinism

Question 12

To prepare a patient with a cauda equina lesion for ambulation with crutches, what upper quadrant muscles would be the most important to strengthen?

Upper trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae
Deltoid, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Middle trapezius, serratus anterior, and triceps
Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major

Answer 12

Lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major

Question 13

What will a patient with a significant right thoracic structural scoliosis demonstrate on examination?

Decreased breath sounds on the right
Decreased thoracic rib elevation on the right
Increased lateral costal expansion on the right
Shortened internal and external intercostals on the right

Answer 13

Increased lateral costal expansion on the right

Question 14

A therapist has been treating a patient over a period of 4 months for decreased shoulder elevation and a loss of external rotation. Recovery has been good; however, the patient still complains of being unable to reach the upper shelves of kitchen cabinets and closets. To help the patient achieve this goal, what should be the focus of manual therapy?

Superior glide
Inferior glide
Anterior glide
Grade II oscillations

Answer 14

Anterior glide

Question 15

Which activity would help break up obligatory lower extremity synergy patterns in a patient with hemiplegia?

a. High kneeling position, ball throwing
b. Standing, alternate marching in place with hip and knee flexion and hip abduction
c. Sitting, alternate toe tapping
d. Sitting, foot slides under the seat

Answer 15

a. High kneeling position, ball throwing

Question 16

A patient recovering from stroke reports lack of feeling in the more-affected hand. Light touch testing reveals lack of ability to tell when the stimulus is being applied (only 1 correct response out of 10 tests). What additional sensory tests should the therapist perform?

Test for pain and temperature
Test for two-point discrimination
Test for two-point discrimination
Test for barognosis

Answer 16

Test for pain and temperature

Question 17

In managing the residual limb of an elderly patient with a transfemoral amputation, what is the MOST IMPORTANT factor the therapist should consider?

Contracture of hip musculature
Residual limb shape
Muscle atrophy
Residual limb healing

Answer 17

Residual limb healing

Question 18

A chest tube gets dislodged during physical therapy treatment. If the therapist fails to cover the defect, what could the patient develop?

Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary edema
Pneumothorax
Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 18

Pneumothorax

Question 19

A patient with a long history of cigarette smoking has been admitted to the hospital and presents with tachycardia, signs of lung infection, abnormal breath sounds in both lower lobes, and dullness to percussion. What should the therapist’s initial intervention focus on with this patient?

Getting the patient to quit smoking
Breathing reeducation to increase efficiency of ventilation
Airway clearance and secretion removal
Graded inspiratory muscle training

Answer 19

Airway clearance and secretion removal

Question 20

A patient has adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint. What is the expected greatest limitation of motion when performing shoulder ROM?

Flexion
Abduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

Answer 20

Lateral rotation

Question 21

During a home visit an adult patient asks the physical therapist assistant to see the physical therapy progress notes in the medical record. What should the PTA do?

Refuse to let the patient see the record
Allow the patient to see the notes
Let the patient see the notes only with the permission of the physical therapist
Contact the patient’s physician and explain the situation

Answer 21

Allow the patient to see the notes

Question 22

Following a motor vehicle accident, a patient with chest trauma developed atelectasis. What is the LEAST appropriate intervention to help with the immediate management of atelectasis?

Pain reduction techniques
Segmental breathing
Incentive spirometry
Paced breathing

Answer 22

Paced breathing

Question 23

Following reattachment of the flexor tendons of the fingers, the patient is in a splint. One physical therapy goal is to minimize adhesion formation. What should the physical therapist teach the patient after 72 hours post-surgery?

a. Passive extension and active flexion of the interphalangeal joints
b. Active extension and flexion of the interphalangeal system
c. Active extension and passive flexion of the interphalangeal joints
d. Gentle passive extension and flexion of the interphalangeal joints

Answer 23

c. Active extension and passive flexion of the interphalangeal joints

Question 24

A patient with a transtibial amputation of 2 months’ duration complains of an intense burning pain that seems to emanate from the heel. The phantom pain mirrors the patient’s preoperative pain. What is the most likely previous source of this pain?

Dorsalis pedis artery obstruction
Popliteal artery obstruction
Damage to the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
Damage to the tibial nerve

Answer 24

Damage to the tibial nerve

Question 25

A patient’s plan of care includes use of iontophoresis for the management of calcific bursitis of the shoulder. To administer this treatment using the acetate ion, what current characteristics and polarity should be used?

Monophasic twin-peaked pulses using the positive pole
Monophasic twin-peaked pulses using the negative pole
Direct current using the positive pole
Direct current using the negative pole

Answer 25

Direct current using the negative pole

Question 26

A snowmobile left the trail and struck a tree. The driver’s left knee was flexed approximately 90 degrees and the tibia impacted with the inside front of the snowmobile. What would this mechanism of injury MOST LIKELY result in?

Dislocated patella
Sprained or ruptured PCL
Sprained or ruptured ACL
Rupture of the popliteal artery

Answer 26

Sprained or ruptured PCL

Question 27

The interview with an 18 year-old female cross-country runner elicits a history of stiffness and diffuse ache in her right knee that is aggravated by prolonged sitting. Going down stairs is also painful. Based on this information, what is the LIKELY diagnosis that should serve as a focus for the physical examination?

Iliotibial band friction syndrome
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Meniscal tear
Patellofemoral syndrome

Answer 27

Patellofemoral syndrome

Question 28

Following mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, a patient developed 4+ edema in the ipsilateral arm. A compression garment was ordered. What is the primary reason this garment decreases edema?

It decreases the osmotic pressure of the capillaries
It increases the capillary permeability
It exceeds the internal tissue hydrostatic pressure
It equals the fluid outflow from the capillaries

Answer 28

It exceeds the internal tissue hydrostatic pressure

Question 29

A patient presents with a chronic restriction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The physical therapist observes the situation during mouth-opening range of motion (ROM) assessment. What is the BEST intervention if the patient has a classic TMJ unilateral capsular restriction?

(Left/Right) TMJ, (superior/inferior) glide manipulation

Answer 29

RIGHT TMJ, INFERIOR glide manipulation

Question 30

A patient in the late stages of Parkinson’s disease exhibits episodes of akinesia while walking. What should the therapist examine?

Primary involvement of the head and trunk
Associated dyskinesias
Primary involvement of the hips and knees
Triggers that precipitate the freezing episodes

Answer 30

Triggers that precipitate the freezing episodes

Question 31

A patient is referred to physical therapy for balance and gait training following two falls in the home in the past month. The therapist notes in the medical record that the patient has adrenal insufficiency. What are the metabolic abnormalities associated with adrenal insufficiency?

Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Alkalosis

Answer 31

Hyponatremia

Question 32

Idiopathic scoliosis is suspected in a 12-year-old girl. During the physical examination, what is the standard screening test for this condition?

Long-sitting, forward bend test
Standing, Adam’s forward bend test
Sitting, rotation test to the right and left
Standing, backward extension test

Answer 32

Standing, Adam’s forward bend test

Question 33

A patient had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery 2 weeks ago. During the initial examination, the physical therapist noticed marked edema around the knee and calf. Knee passive range of motion was limited from -5 degrees extension to 90 degrees of flexion. Hip PROM was within normal limits. Ankle dorsiflexion was limited to 0 degrees because of pulling pain in the calf. Marked tenderness to superficial palpation to anterior knee and posterior calf and increased temperature were also noted. The patient is experiencing calf pain and discomfort when standing during partial weight-bearing ambulation. Upon completion of the examination, what is the BEST intervention at this time?

a. Isometrics and PROM for the knee
b. Massage to knee and calf to help alleviate the expected post surgical edema
c. Ice and interferential current to alleviate edema and facilitate movement
d. Immediate referral to the surgeon

Answer 33

d. Immediate referral to the surgeon

Question 34

During observation of bilateral active straight leg raising in a supine position, the patient demonstrates progressively increasing lumbar lordosis during lowering of the limbs with each successive lift. What is the MOST LIKELY cause of the observed excessive lordosis during the bilateral straight leg activity?

a. Muscle imbalance between the rectus femoris and the Sartorius muscles
b. Weakness of both quadratus lumborum muscles
c. Fatigue weakness of the rectus abdominis and oblique muscle group
d. Excessive elastic shortening of the ipsilateral hamstring muscle group

Answer 34

c. Fatigue weakness of the rectus abdominis and oblique muscle group

Question 35

The therapist is treating a patient with chronic Lyme disease of more than 1 year’s duration. What joints are likely to demonstrate more arithmetic changes and therefore should be the focus of physical therapy interventions?

Small joints of the hands and feet
Large joints, especially the knee
Axial joints especially the lumbosacral spine
Axial joints, especially the cervical and thoracic spine

Answer 35

Large joints, especially the knee

Question 36

What is pain and tenderness with palpation over McBurney’s point associated with?

Acute appendicitis
Hiatal hernia
Acute cholecystitis
GERD

Answer 36

Acute appendicitis

Question 37

With the patient supine, the vertebral artery test is performed by passively moving the head and neck into extension and side flexion, then rotation to the same side and holding for 30 seconds. Which of the following indicates a positive test?

a. Sensory changes occur in the face along with visual changes
b. Dizziness or nystagmus occurs, indicating that the opposite side artery is being compressed
c. Hearing difficulties and facial paralysis occur
d. Dizziness or nystagmus occurs, indicating that the same side artery is being compressed

Answer 37

b. Dizziness or nystagmus occurs, indicating that the opposite side artery is being compressed

Question 38

A neonate’s APGAR score at 1 minute after birth is 8; at 5 minutes it is 9. Based on this score and expected heart rate, what can the therapist conclude about this infant?

a. The infant would have a heart rate of less than 100 beats per minute with slow and irregular respirations and not require resuscitation
b. The infant would require extensive resuscitation efforts including intubation
c. The infant would require some resuscitation and administration of supplemental oxygen
d. The infant would have a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minutes with good respiration and not require resuscitation

Answer 38

d. The infant would have a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minutes with good respiration and not require resuscitation

Question 39

A child with spastic diplegia is becoming independent in using a walker. Additional goals desired by the physical therapist include improving posture and increasing the child’s energy efficiency and velocity while ambulating. In this case, which walker is most likely to help improve these goals?

A standard anterior walker with no wheels
An anterior rollator walker with two wheels
A posterior rollator walker with two wheels
A posterior rollator walker with four wheels

Answer 39

A posterior rollator walker with four wheels

Question 40

To prevent contractures in a newly admitted patient with anterior neck burns, it would be best to position the neck in which of the following?

Hyperflexion
Slight flexion
Neutral
Slight extension

Answer 40

Slight extension

Question 41

A young adult who is comatose (GCS score of 3) is transferred to a long-term care facility for custodial care. On initial examination, the therapist determines the patient is demonstrating decerebrate posturing. Which limb or body position is indicative of this?

a. The upper extremities in flexion and the lower extremities in extension
b. Extreme hyperextension of the neck and spine with both lower extremities flexed and the heels touching the buttocks
c. All four limbs in extension
d. All for limbs in flexion

Answer 41

c. All four limbs in extension

Question 42

A therapist wishes to examine the balance of an elderly patient with a history of falls. The Berg Balance Test is selected. Which area is NOT examined using this test?

Sit-to-stand transitions
Functional reach in standing
Turning while walking
Tandem standing

Answer 42

Turning while walking

Question 43

The physical therapist is instructing a new mother to perform a range of motion and stretching for her newborn who has a clubfoot. In what directions should the therapist advise her to carefully stretch?

Plantarflexion and inversion
Plantarflexion and eversion
Dorsiflexion and inversion
Dorsiflexion and eversion

Answer 43

Dorsiflexion and eversion

Question 44

A patient has normal quadriceps strength but unilateral weakness (3/5) of the hamstring muscles on the right. What might the therapist observe during the swing phase of gait?

a. Excessive compensatory hip extension on the sound side
b. Decreased hip flexion followed by increased knee flexion on the weak side
c. Excessive hip extension followed by abrupt knee extension on the weak side
d. Excessive hip flexion following by abrupt knee extension on the weak side

Answer 44

d. Excessive hip flexion following by abrupt knee extension on the weak side

Question 45

A competitive gymnast is examined by the physical therapist. The chief complaint is nagging, localized pain in the anterior left lower leg that is consistently present at night and increases during activity with swelling. What are these complaints MOST characteristic of?

Bone tumor
Anterior compartment syndrome
Shin splints
Stress fracture

Answer 45

Stress fracture

Question 46

A patient with a complete tetraplegia (ASIA A) at the C6 level is initially instructed to transfer using a transfer board. With shoulders externally rotated, how should the remaining upper extremity (UE) joints be positioned?

a. Forearms pronated with wrist and fingers extended
b. Forearms supinated with wrist extended and fingers flexed
c. Forearms pronated pronated with wrists and fingers flexed
d. Forearms supinated with wrists and fingers extended

Answer 46

b. Forearms supinated with wrist extended and fingers flexed

Question 47

During examination of the right shoulder of a teenager with anterior shoulder pain, the physical therapist notices an excessive amount of scapular abduction during both shoulder flexion and abduction. Full range of glenohumeral (GH) motion is achieved at the ends flexion and abduction. The axillary border of the scapula protrudes laterally beyond the thorax much more on the right as compared to the left. Which muscle(s) would be associated with excessive lengthening during the movements of shoulder flexion and abduction?

Serratus anterior
Rhomboids
Teres major
Levator scapular

Answer 47

Rhomboids

Question 48

A group of institutionalized elderly was examined for balance instability and fall risk using a standardized test, the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA). The test-retest reliability of total test (POMA-T) and the subtests, balance subtest (POMA-B) and gait subtest (POMA-G) varied between 0.77 and 0.86 the interrater reliability values ranged from 0.80 to 0.93. What is the therapist’s correct interpretation of these findings?

a. Overall, the test demonstrated moderate reliability
b. The test demonstrated moderate reliability for test-retest and good reliability for integrated comparisons
c. The test demonstrated poor reliability for test-retest and moderate reliability for interrater comparisons
d. Overall, the test demonstrated good reliability

Answer 48

d. Overall, the test demonstrated good reliability

Question 49

A patient presents with hemosiderin changes and increased lower extremity edema. What diagnosis are these changes consistent with?

Chronic venous insufficiency
Acute venous insufficiency
Acute arterial insufficiency
Chronic arterial insufficiency

Answer 49

Chronic venous insufficiency

Question 50

A patient experienced a cerebrovascular accident (right CVA) 2 weeks ago. The patient has motor and sensory impairments primarily in the lower extremity; the left upper extremity shows only mild impairment. There is some confusion and perseveration. Based on these findings, what type of stroke syndrome does this patient present with?

Posterior cerebral stroke
Internal carotid syndrome
Anterior cerebral artery syndrome
Middle cerebral artery syndrome

Answer 50

Anterior cerebral artery syndrome

Question 51

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Question 52

A therapist is planning to use percussion and shaking for assisting airway clearance with a patient diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What major precaution might curtail selection of this form of intervention?

a. A platelet count of 30,000
b. Dyspnea when in the Trendelenburg position
c. SaO2 range of 88% to 94% on room air
d. Functional Independence Measure (FIM score of 4)

Answer 52

a. A platelet count of 30,000

Question 53

A physical therapist and physical therapy assistant are conducting a cardiac rehabilitation session for 20 patients. The therapist is suddenly called out of the room. The physical therapist assistant should do which of the following?

a. Terminate the exercises and have the patients monitor their pulses until the therapist returns
b. Have the patients continue with the same exercise until the therapist returns
c. Have the patients switch to a less intense exercise until the therapist returns
d. Continue with the outlined exercise progression for that session

Answer 53

d. Continue with the outlined exercise progression for that session

Question 54

A physical therapist is examining a patient who has a recent history of falls while ambulating on level surfaces. Interaction with the patient indicates that cognition is unaffected. Which test should be performed next once it has been established that cognition is not impaired?

Static balancing tests
Locomotor tests
Sensory testing
Dynamic balance tests

Answer 54

Sensory testing

Question 55

A patient with chronic asthma has been admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation. What is the MOST important information the therapist needs in order to determine the patient’s prognosis with physical therapy?

A current medication list
A previous history of the disease
The most recent chest x-ray results
The most recent pulmonary function test results

Answer 55

The most recent pulmonary function test result

Question 56

A therapist is examining the gait of a patient with a transfemoral prosthesis. The patient circumducts the prosthetic limb during swing. The therapist needs to identify the cause of the gait deviation. What is the MOST likely prosthetic cause?

Unstable knee unit
Inadequate socket flexion
Sharp or high medial wall or abducted hip joint
Inadequate suspension or loose socket

Answer 56

Inadequate suspension or loose socket

Question 57

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Question 58

An elderly patient with degenerative joint disease is seen by a physical therapist 3 days following a total knee replacement. Which of these findings would be an indication for the therapist to contact the surgeon?

a. Patient is noncompliant when learning to transfer properly
b. Patient cannot ambulate at least 50 feet with a standard walker
c. Patient fails to recognize the therapist on the third consecutive postoperative visit
d. Patient complains of soreness at the incision site

Answer 58

c. Patient fails to recognize the therapist on the third consecutive postoperative visit

Question 59

The primary contribution of a physical therapist member of a facility emergency/disaster preparedness committee in formulating a disaster plan is describing the role of the physical therapists in providing which of the following?

a. Triage and basic life support during the disaster
b. Evaluation of soft tissue injuries and rendering appropriate care
c. Unique preparedness concerns needed for people with disabilities or special needs
d. Emotional distress management of victims or patients during crisis situations

Answer 59

c. Unique preparedness concerns needed for people with disabilities or special needs

Question 60

While ambulating a patient in the parallel bars, a therapist loses control and the patient falls, hitting his or her head on the bar. The patient lies motionless on the floor between the bars bleeding heavily from a scalp laceration. What is the first thing the therapist should do?

Apply a thick gauze and manual pressure to the scalp wound
Check for responsiveness
Call emergency medical services
Immediately determine the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 60

Check for responsiveness

Question 61

During pregnancy, the presence of the hormone relaxin can lead to abnormal movement and pain. Which joints are typically affected?

Glenohumeral joints
Hip joints
Lumbosacral joints
Sacroiliac joints

Answer 61

Sacroiliac joints

Question 62

A patient with angina pectoris has been instructed to use sublingual nitroglycerin in case of an acute angina attack. What are the primary effects of this medication?

Vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels
Vasodilation of the coronary vessels
Increasing myocardial oxygen consumption
Increasing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

Answer 62

Vasodilation of the coronary vessels

Question 63

A patient has a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m2 with excessive tissue mass in the hip area. What accommodations are needed for the wheelchair prescription for this patient?

a. Move the small front casters closer to the drive wheels to increase stability
b. Add friction rims to increase hand grip function
c. Add an anti tipping device to prevent falls going up curbs
d. Displace the rear axle forward for more efficient arm push

Answer 63

d. Displace the rear axle forward for more efficient arm push

Question 64

Following a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), a patient is hospitalized. The therapist determines that a positioning schedule should be implemented. While in supine, what is the BEST position for the patient’s affected upper extremity?

a. Shoulder protracted and slightly abducted with external rotation, elbow extension, wrist neutral, and fingers extended
b. Shoulder protracted and slightly abducted with internal rotation, elbow flexion, wrist neutral and fingers extended
c. Shoulder retracted and adducted with internal rotation and elbow, wrist, and fingers flexed
d. Shoulder retracted and abducted with external rotation, elbow extension, wrist neutral and fingers flexed

Answer 64

a. Shoulder protracted and slightly abducted with external rotation, elbow extension, wrist neutral, and fingers extended

Question 65

What is an acceptable modified position to drain the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe in a patient with pulmonary congestion?

a. Side-lying on the right, with a pillow under the right hip and the bed flat
b. Prone, with a pillow under the hips and the bed flat
c. Side-lying on the right, with a pillow between the legs and the foot of the bed elevated 18 inches
d. Prone, with a pillow under the hips and the bed elevated 18 inches

Answer 65

b. Prone, with a pillow under the hips and the bed flat

Question 66

When the ankle is forcibly inverted and plantar flexed, which ligament is MOST FREQUENTLY sprained?

Deltoid
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

Answer 66

Anterior talofibular

Question 67

Following a period of spinal shock, a patient with a complete spinal cord injury (ASIA A) at the T5 level is placed on a bladder training program coordinated by the nurse. A realistic ultimate outcome for this program would be independent voiding by using which of the following?

The Crede maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver
A timed voiding program
Suprapubic stroking or tapping

Answer 67

Suprapubic stroking or tapping

Question 68

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Question 69

A therapist is instructing the family of a 9-year-old boy with Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (MD). What should be the main focus of the plan of care for maintaining function in the lower extremities?

a. Strengthening the knee extensors and plantar flexors
b. Strengthening the plantarflexors and stretching the hip extensors
c. Stretching the hip flexors and plantarflexors
d. Strengthening the hip flexors and knee extensors

Answer 69

c. Stretching the hip flexors and plantarflexors

Question 70

A patient with diabetes mellitus has had a stage III decubitus ulcer over the right ischial tuberosity for the past 5 months. The ulcer is infected with staphylococcus aureus, and necrotic tissue covers much of the wound. What therapeutic modality is CONTRAINDICATED in this situation?

Low-voltage, constant microamperage direct current
High-voltage monophasic pulsed current
Alternating/biphasic current
Moist hot packs

Answer 70

Moist hot packs

Question 71

A therapist is treating a child with spastic diplegia. What intervention can be used to promote relaxation?

Rhythmic stabilization
Slow rocking on a therapy ball
Spinning in a hammock
Rolling and spinning on a scooter board

Answer 71

Slow rocking on a therapy ball

Question 72

Capsular tightness has limited a patient’s ability to fully extend the left knee. What joint mobilization technique should be used to restore joint motion?

Anterior glide and external rotation of the tibia
Anterior glide and internal rotation of the tibia
Posterior glide and external rotation of the tibia
Posterior glide and internal rotation of the tibia

Answer 72

Anterior glide and external rotation of the tibia

Question 73

When using continuous ultrasound in treating the hip of an obese patient, the greatest benefit might occur if the ultrasound frequency and dosage are set at which parameters?

a. 1 MHz and 1.5 watts/cm2
b. 1 MHz and 0.5 watts/cm2
c. 3 MHz and 1.5 watts/cm2
d. 3 MHz and 0.5 watts/cm2

Answer 73

a. 1 MHz and 1.5 watts/cm2

Question 74

Following a CVA involving the right hemisphere, a male patient is exhibiting unilateral neglect. What might he do as a result?

a. Eat food only from the left side of a plate
b. Bump his wheelchair into things on the right side
c. Ignore or deny the existence of the right UE
d. Shave only the right side of the face

Answer 74

d. Shave only the right side of the face

Question 75

What is the best way to monitor the intensity of exercise for a patient limited mostly by claudication?

a. Assessing ankle-brachial index (ABI) during exercise
b. Maintaining the heart rate (HR) between 60-70% of age-predicted HRMax during exercise
c. Sustaining pain levels of at least 2 out of 4 on the claudication scale during exercise
d. Upholding RPE levels of 11 to 13 out of 20 during exercise

Answer 75

c. Sustaining pain levels of at least 2 out of 4 on the claudication scale during exercise

Question 76

What intervention best illustrates selective stretching when working with a patient with an SCI (C6 complete)?

a. Longer finger flexors are fully ranged into extension with wrist extension
b. Hamstrings are fully ranged to 110 degrees in supine
c. Low back extensors are fully ranged in long-sitting
d. Hamstrings are full ranged in long sitting

Answer 76

b. Hamstrings are fully ranged to 110 degrees in supine

Question 77

A physical therapist examined the depep tendon reflexes of a patient recently diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral (ALS). The results are 2+ left and 4+ right. What is the correct interpretation of these findings regardinng the reflexes?

a. Abnormal on the left and normal on the right
b. Normal on the left and brisker, possibly abnromal on the right
c. Depressed, low normal on the left and normal on the right
d. Normal on the left and abnormal on the right

Answer 77

d. Normal on the left and abnormal on the right

Question 78

Severe epigastric and abdominal pain that radiates to the middle back and may worsen when lying is MOST characteristic of which condition?

a. Small intestine obstruction
b. Irritable bowel syndrome
c. Appendicitis
d. Acute pancreatitis

Answer 78

d. Acute pancreatitis

Question 79

A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure. During the initial session, the physical therapist examines the skin for suspected changes. What appearance can be expected?

a. Pale, washed-out color
b. Yellowish discoloration
c. Slightly bluish, slate-colored discoloration
d. Cherry-red discoloration

Answer 79

c. Slightly bluish, slate-colored discoloration

Question 80

On the third day following a cesarean delivery, what should a physical therapist’s interventions include?

a. Gentle partial sit-ups and head lifts
b. Breathing, coughing, and pelvic floor exercises
c. Low-intensity aerobic conditioning
d. Pelvic tilts on all fours

Answer 80

b. Breathing, coughing, and pelvic floor exercises

Question 81

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 82

When performing neutral tension testing to the lower limb, which ankle position when combined with a straight leg raise will BEST bias the peroneal (fibular) nerve?

a. Dorsiflexion and eversion
b. Dorsiflexion and inversion
c. Plantarflexion and eversion
d. Plantarflexion and inversion

Answer 82

d. Plantarflexion and inversion

Question 83

A patient recovering from surgery to remove a cerebellar tumor presents with pronounced ataxia and problems with standing balance and postural stability. To help improve this situation, what would be BEST approach to incorporate in the intervention?

a. Lower extremity splinting and light touch-down hand support
b. Rhythmic stabilization during holding in kneeling
c. Perturbed balance activities while standing on carpet
d. Stabilizing reversal during holding in side-lying

Answer 83

b. Rhythmic stabilization during holding in kneeling

Question 84

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 85

A physician requests that a physical therapist perform hydrocortisone iontophoresis over the left shoulder of a patient with tendonitis. The therapist discovers that the patient has a pacemaker. In this case, what should the therapist do?

a. Perform the treatment since there is no contraindication
b. Refer the patient to another physical therapist who has greater expertise in using iontophoresis for patients with pacemakers
c. Consult with the physician about alternative forms of therapy; do not perform the iontophoresis treatment
d. Administer the iontophoresis but only on the top of the shoulder not near the chest wall

Answer 85

c. Consult with the physician about alternative forms of therapy; do not perform the iontophoresis treatment

Question 86

During gait analysis, a therapist notes that a patient is lurching backward during stance phase. What is the cause of this compensatory motion?

a. Gluteus medius weakness
b. Hip and knee flexion contractures
c. Quadriceps weakness
d. Gluteus maximus weakness

Answer 86

d. Gluteus maximus weakness

Question 87

A 3-year old child with Arnold-Chiari malformation has a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in place. During physical therapy treatment, the child becomes agitated and irritable, then drowsy and listless. What should the therapist do in this situation?

a. Immediately place firm pressure over the fontal
b. Administer emergency oxygen
c. Place the child in a head-down position
d. Call for emergency medical services

Answer 87

d. Call for emergency medical services

Question 88

An elderly patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy is having difficulty with balance when ambulating at home. The patient has fallen three times in the last month. What is the first priority of the home physical therapist’s plan of care?

a. Gait training with a cane to ensure safety
b. Color-coding raised surfaces, such as steps, with a sharp color contrast
c. Ambulation practice on changing floor to carpet surfaces in the home
d. Installing nightlights in strategic areas throughout the house and keeping lit continuously

Answer 88

a. Gait training with a cane to ensure safety

Question 89

What is the minimum recommended work interval duration for a non deconditioned adult performing aerobic interval training?

a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. 30 minutes

Answer 89

b. 10 minutes

Question 90

A therapist is monitoring the blood pressure of a healthy athlete exercising on a treadmill. The speed and incline steadily increase during the exercise period. The therapist would expect the blood pressure response to demonstrate which of the following?

a. Blunted rise in systolic pressure and a slight decrease in diastolic pressure
b. Slight drop in systolic pressure and either a slight increase or decrease in diastolic pressure
c. Steady increase in systolic pressure accompanied by a steady increase pressure
d. Steady increase in systolic pressure and either a slight increase or decrease in diastolic pressure

Answer 90

d. Steady increase in systolic pressure and either a slight increase or decrease in diastolic pressure

Question 91

A therapist is examining a patient with a temporomandibular disorder. The patient had a history of jaw clicking upon opening and closing the mouth, but the noises are now gone. The current major complain is inability to open the mouth wide and difficulty performing functional jaw movements such as chewing and yawning. What is the most likely cause of this current impairment?

a. Capsular fibrosis
b. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) subluxation
c. Chronic TMJ osteoarthritis
d. Disc displacement without reduction

Answer 91

d. Disc displacement without reduction

Question 92

A patient recovering from a total hip arthroplasty is seen by the physical therapist for early mobilization out of bed. While sitting on the edge of the bed, the patient experiences rapid onset of dyspnea, sudden chest pain, and cyanosis. What action should the therapist take?

a. Return the patient to supine and monitor vital signs for the 5 minutes
b. Stabilize the patient and contact medical services immediately
c. Allow the patient to rest for a few minutes and continue with the therapy session
d. Return the patient to supine and reschedule the therapy session for later in the afternoon

Answer 92

b. Stabilize the patient and contact medical services immediately

Question 93

A patient with traumatic brain injury exhibits strong spasticity in both lower extremities (limbs are held rigid in extension). Using the Modified Ashworth Scale, the therapist gives this response: which of the following grades?

a. 1+
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Answer 93

d. 4

Question 94

When working with a child with Down syndrome and severe hypotonicity, how would it be best to activate the postural extensor muscles during early intervention?

a. Slow repetitive rocking movements with the child seated on a large gymnastic ball
b. Prone positioning on a large gymnastic ball with the child looking up
c. Quadruped, opposite arm and leg lifts
d. Standing, weight shifts in modified plantigrade

Answer 94

b. Prone positioning on a large gymnastic ball with the child looking up

Question 95

A patient recovering from a stroke demonstrates dyspraxia. On what should physical therapy intervention optimally focus?

a. Re-education of weak muscles using isokinetics before activity practice
b. Compensatory training strategies with maximum use of environmental cues
c. Task-specific practice of familiar activities progressing from parts to whole
d. Maximum use of manual facilitation of movements and new tasks

Answer 95

c. Task-specific practice of familiar activities progressing from parts to whole

Question 96

A patient presents with a limitation of wrist flexion. The joint manipulation technique that would BEST improve the patient’s range of motion is which of the following Grade IV descriptions?

a. Posterior to anterior glide of the proximal carpal row on distal radius and ulna
b. Posterior to anterior glide of the lunate on capitates
c. Anterior to posterior glide of the proximal carpal row on distal radius and ulna
d. Anterior to posterior glide of lunate on capitates

Answer 96

c. Anterior to posterior glide of the proximal carpal row on distal radius and ulna

Question 97

A therapist wishes to determine the fall risk of an elderly person in a long-term care facility. Which test of static balance would be most difficult for this person to perform?

a. Standing unsupported with feet together, eyes open
b. Standing unsupported with one foot in front, tandem position, eyes closed
c. Standing unsupported with eyes closed
d. Standing unsupported on one leg, eyes open

Answer 97

b. Standing unsupported with one foot in front, tandem position, eyes closed

Question 98

A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes is participating in an aerobic exercise class. The therapist recognized that important dietary recommendations to prevent delayed hypoglycemia after exercise include intake of which of the following?

a. Fruit juice or candy
b. Crackers or bread
c. Steak or chicken
d. Salad or cooked vegetables

Answer 98

b. Crackers or bread

Question 99

A physical therapist is examining a patient who is complaining of pain in the left shoulder region. The examination of the shoulder elicits pain in the last 30 degrees of shoulder abduction range of motion. This finding is most congruent with which diagnosis?

a. Calcific supraspinatus tendinitis
b. Subacromial bursitis
c. Acromioclavicular (AC) sprain
d. Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 99

c. Acromioclavicular (AC) sprain

Question 100

Early intervention program are usually required to use a standardized and comprehensive developmental test. What is the BEST test for use by a physical therapist?

a. Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM)
b. Denver Developmental Screening Test (Denver II)
c. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales
d. Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI)

Answer 100

c. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales

Question 101

A patient presents with an acquired flatfoot deformity. The therapist recognizes that this can result from injury to muscle tendon. Which structure should be examined?

Anterior tibialis tendon
Posterior tibial tendon
Fibularis longus tendon
Achilles tendon

Answer 101

Posterior tibial tendon

Question 102

A 13-year-old girl has a structural right thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. The clinical features a physical therapist would expect to find include which of the following?

A high (right/left) shoulder, a prominent (right/left) scapula, and a (right/left) hip that protrudes

Answer 102

A high RIGHT shoulder, a prominent RIGHT scapula, and a LEFT hip that protrudes

Question 103

A patient with complete C7 spinal cord injury is receiving physical therapy in an inpatient rehabilitation setting to maintain joint mobility. What intervention is likely to produce the GREATEST risk of heterotopic ossification (HO)?

a. Prolonged positioning with resting splints
b. Forceful passive range of motion (PROM), especially if spasticity is present
c. Prolonged stretching using tilt table standing
d. Joint mobilization with PROM

Answer 103

b. Forceful passive range of motion (PROM), especially if spasticity is present

Question 104

A patient sustained a tri-malleolar ankle fracture on the right and a fracture of the left distal radius. For partial weight bearing, it is BEST if the therapist has the patient use which device?

Axillary crutches
Forearm crutches
Platform crutches
Lofstrand crutches

Answer 104

Platform crutches

Question 105

Ten weeks after shoulder surgery, a patient develops capsular stiffness that is limiting glenohumeral internal rotation. The physical therapist chooses joint manipulation followed by a supportive exercise to correct this impairment. What is the BEST intervention?

a. Anterior glide of the humerus and functional internal rotation stretch with arm up the back
b. Anterior glide of the humerus and partial push-ups
c. Posterior glide of the humerus and horizontal adduction stretch with arm across chest
d. Posterior glide of the humerus and standing scapular retractions

Answer 105

c. Posterior glide of the humerus and horizontal adduction stretch with arm across chest

Question 106

A teenager is admitted to a skilled nursing facility with a severe traumatic brain injury and marked spasticity. Cognitive function is documented at Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale level IV. Family members visit on a daily basis. In this situation, it would be BEST if passive range of motion (PROM) exercises are which of the following?

a. Taught to family members in order for them to participate in the care for the patient
b. Performed only by the physical therapist since the patient is unable to follow verbal commands
c. Performed only by the physical therapist (PT) or physical therapist assistant (PTA) to minimize the possibility of pathological fractures
d. Taught to all registered nurses (RNs) who might participate in the care for the patient

Answer 106

a. Taught to family members in order for them

Question 107

After gait training with a transtibial prosthesis, a therapist notices redness along the patellar tendon and medial tibial flare. What would this indicate?

a. The socket is too small and residual limb is not seated properly
b. The socket is too large and pistoning is occurring
c. There is improper weight distribution during stance
d. Pressure-tolerant weight bearing is occurring

Answer 107

d. Pressure-tolerant weight bearing is occurring

Question 108

During examination of a 2-year-old child with mild cerebral palsy, the therapist is encouraged because the normal developmental milestones for a child of this age have been achieved. This was demonstrated by the child’s ability to perform which of the following activities?

Hop on one foot
Stand on tiptoes
Go upstairs foot-over-foot
Jump with two feet

Answer 108

Go upstairs foot-over-foot

Question 109

A therapist sees a patient in the ICU with multiple trauma and severe traumatic brain injury. A chest tube is in place and it exits from the right thorax. The patient is in need of airway clearance. What action should be taken in this case?

a. Percussion and shaking are contraindicated due to TBI
b. Percussion and shaking can be done only in the right side-lying position
c. Percussion and shaking can be done in the area surrounding the chest tube
d. Percussion and shaking can be done only when the chest tube is removed

Answer 109

c. Percussion and shaking can be done in the area surrounding the chest tube

Question 110

To prevent maximal compressive forces being placed on the patella, a therapist should minimize placing the patient in which position?

a. Prone and flexing the knee to 30 degrees
b. In a sitting position with the knee flexed to 90 degrees
c. Supine and flexing both the hip and knee to 110 degrees
d. Prone and flexing the knee to 110 degrees with the hip extended

Answer 110

d. Prone and flexing the knee to 110 degrees with the hip extended

Question 111

Following an exercise session for a patient with heart failure in a phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation program, what is prevented if the therapist employs a gradual and prolonged cool-down period?

Exertional dyspnea
Tachycardia
Venous pooling
Hypertension

Answer 111

Venous pooling

Question 112

As a result of diminished movement associated with rigidity in Parkinson’s Disease, a physical therapist might employ rhythmic initiation primarily to help improve which of the following?

Trunk stability and proximal tone
Trunk rotation
UE function
Active and passive ROM

Answer 112

Trunk rotation

Question 113

What is the Thomspon test used to examine?

Anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee
Iliopsoas tightness
Rectus femoris tightness
Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 113

Achilles tendon rupture

Question 114

A physical therapist is substituting for an ill colleague and is unable to access the previous PT’s notes in the medical record. In this case, what should the therapist do?

a. Ask the patient what treatment had been administered in the last session
b. Attempt to reach the ill therapist by phone before commencing the session
c. See if the other coworkers can figure out how to access the information in the medical record
d. Briefly examine the patient and intervene properly

Answer 114

d. Briefly examine the patient and intervene properly

Question 115

An elderly female patient is being evaluated for recurrent thoracic back pain. During the history, the patient reveals a smoking habit, and she drinks four to six cups of coffee a day. Activity level is low, consisting of daily trips to the local coffee shop to socialize with friends. Body weight and height are below normal. Medical history includes Grave’s disease. The therapist decides to consult the primary physician for further workup. What is the suspected problem?

Osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Gout
Spinal stenosis

Answer 115

Osteoporosis

Question 116

A human bite injury resulted in laceration of the extensor tendons over the MCP joints. Following surgical repair, the patient was placed in a dorsal dynamic extension splint. Therapy is initiated in the first 24-48 hours, with the therapist instructing the patient to move in which way?

a. Actively extend the wrist and passively flex the MCP joints
b. Actively extend the wrist and MCP joints
c. Passively extend the wrist and MCP joints
d. Passively extend the wrist and actively flex the MCP joints

Answer 116

d. Passively extend the wrist and actively flex the MCP joints

Question 117

A patient with flaccid hemiplegia exhibits pain in the shoulder region secondary to inferior glenohumeral subluxation. Using ES as orthotic substitution, where would it be best to palace the electrodes?

Posterior deltoid
Supraspinatus
Middle deltoid
Anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid

Answer 117

Supraspinatus

Question 118

An ectomorphic adolescent patient presents at a physical therapy service with a 6-month history of pain in both hands. Subjective complaints consist of pain that is worse in the morning but gradually improves throughout the day and overall fatigue. The only significant objective data from examination was mild edema and pain at end ranges of motion. What should the physical therapist do next in order to try to establish a diagnosis?

Administer the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
Examine for clubbing at the DIP
Examine for Dupuytren’s contracture
Refer the patient to a physician

Answer 118

Refer the patient to a physician

Question 119

A patient with restrictive lung disease secondary to circumferential thoracic burns demonstrates decreased ability to expand the lower rib cage and push the abdominal wall anteriorly. The therapist should consider the use of facilitation techniques to enhance the function of which of the following?

Rectus abdominis
Anterior scalenes
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm

Answer 119

Diaphragm

Question 120

A patient with post-polio syndrome (PPS) is referred to physical therapy for exercise and training. The patient reports recent general fatigue and weakness along the muscle and joint pain. What is the best initial intervention?

a. Treadmill training at 2 mph and a 10 degree slope, 3 days/week for 30 minutes
b. Cycle ergometry at peak heart rate, 3 days/week for 40 minutes
c. Therapeutic aquatics, 3 days/week for 20 minutes
d. Strength training at 70% 1RM, 2 days/week

Answer 120

c. Therapeutic aquatics, 3 days/week for 20 minutes

Question 121

An elderly patient with a 5 year history of Parkinson’s Disease demonstrates freezing of gait (FOG) episodes while ambulating. What is the best choice of intervention to improve gait and FOG?

a. Part-to-whole training in sequencing of required gait elements
b. Walking using lightly resisted progression with elastic bands to facilitate forward progression
c. Body weight support and treadmill training (BWSTT), 40% unweighting, 3% incline, at 2.7 mph
d. Locomotor training using a personal listening device with 80-100 beats/minute

Answer 121

d. Locomotor training using a personal listening device with 80-100 beats/minute

Question 122

A patient has a C5 ASIA SCI. An effective coughing technique for this patient is which of the following?

a. Should be facilitated by use of a phrenic nerve stimulator
b. Should be facilitated by used of glossopharyngeal breathing
c. Can be elicited with manual abdominal pressure provided with the assistance of a caregiver
d. Can be elicited with manual abdominal pressure provided independently by the patient

Answer 122

c. Can be elicited with manual abdominal pressure provided with the assistance of a caregiver

Question 123

During cardiac rehabilitation exercise sessions involving the patients who experienced myocardial infarctions 6-8 weeks ago, what is the most significant abnormal response requiring the immediate attention of the physical therapist?

Decrease in systolic BP
Decrease in diastolic BP
Increase in diastolic BP
Increase in heart rate

Answer 123

Decrease in systolic BP

Question 124

A patient with TB paraplegia sustained 4 years ago is seen by a physical therapist at a routine outpatient clinic visit. The skin over the ischial tuberosities and sacral region is in perfect shape. The patient asks about the further need for pressure relief in the wheelchair, considering a new gel cushion is being used. What should the therapist advise the patient to do?

a. Discontinue pressure relief as long as the gel cushion is used and visual inspection continues to reveal no skin breakdown
b. Continue to perform push-ups in the chair at least once every 15-20 minutes
c. Continue to perform push-ups in the chair at least once every 30-45 minutes
d. Continue to perform push-ups in the chair once an hour

Answer 124

b. Continue to perform push-ups in the chair at least once every 15-20 minutes

Question 125

During weight bearing, a soft-tissue contracture resulting in supination of the forefoot will be compensated for by which of the following?

Pronation of the forefoot
Pronation of the rearfoot
Supination of the rearfoot
Pronation of the forefoot and rearfoot

Answer 125

Pronation of the rearfoot

Question 126

A patient with long-standing DM is showing early signs of polyneuropathy. What is the most useful test to determine whether demyelination has taken place?

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing
Electromyography (EMG)
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Motor point stimulation

Answer 126

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) testing

Question 127

A patient with a crash injury to the foot appears to be developing Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CPRS). What are some early signs of this clinical condition the therapist expects to see?

a. Worsening pain with edema and atrophic skin and nail changes
b. Cold, dry, and cyanotic skin with thickened fascia and developing contracture
c. Hyperalgesia, allodynia, and hyperpathia
d. Muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and developing ankylosis

Answer 127

c. Hyperalgesia, allodynia, and hyperpathia

Question 128

A patient has limited motion in supination and calcaneal inversion at the subtalar joint. Using manual techniques, what is the accessory motion of the calcaneus that needs to be emphasized in order to increase the motions that are limited?

Anterior glide
Posterior glide
Medial glide
Lateral glide

Answer 128

Lateral glide

Question 129

A patient recovering from stroke walks behind limited tibial advancement during stance on the more affected LE. The therapist next examines the patient for a compensatory gait deviation. What is the most likely deviation?

Trendelenburg
Circumduction
Exaggerated flexion synergy
Exaggerated extension synergy

Answer 129

Circumduction

Question 130

A patient presents with a complaint of severe neck and shoulder pain of 2 days’ duration. The patient reports falling asleep on the couch watching TV and has been stiff and sore since. There is tenderness of the cervical muscles on the right, with increased pain upon palpation. Passive ROM is most limited in flexion, then side-bending left, and then rotation left and active extension. Side-bending right and rotation right are also painful. What is the MOST likely diagnosis for this patient?

Cervical strain
Herniated disc
Cervical radiculopathy
Facet syndrome

Answer 130

Facet syndrome

Question 131

A patient has osteophyte formation affecting the atlantoaxial joint with resultant cervical nerve root irritation. If the physical therapist elects to use gentle, static manual traction to help deal with this problem, what neck position would be best?

10-15 degrees of hyperextension
Neutral to zero degrees of flexion
20 degrees of flexion
30 degrees of flexion

Answer 131

Neutral to zero degrees of flexion

Question 132

A therapist has decided to use mechanical lumbar traction on a patient with posterior herniated nucleus pulposus at L2-L3. If tolerated by the patient, what is the best positioning for this treatment?

a. Prone, with no pillow under the hips or abdomen
b. Prone, with a pillow under the hips and abdomen
c. Supine, with the hips and knees flexed to 45 degrees
d. Supine, with hips and knees flexed to 90 degrees

Answer 132

a. Prone, with no pillow under the hips or abdomen

Question 133

What is one of the most common early signs of right ventricular failure?

Paroxysmal nocturnal edema
Exertional dyspnea
Pulmonary edema
Dependent edema

Answer 133

Dependent edema

Question 134

Following a serious trauma, a patient is casted as a result of multiple bilateral wrist and hand fractures. When would be the best for physical therapy intervention to begin?

a. As early as possible to maintain or regain strength and ROM in non-immobilized joints of the UE
b. As soon as the casts are removed so as not to damage vulnerable soft tissue
c. After 6 weeks of immobilization to ensure that bone healing is almost complete
d. Hyponatremia

Answer 134

a. As early as possible to maintain or regain strength and ROM in non-immobilized joints of the UE

Question 135

The patient has venous insufficiency in the right LE resulting in fluid accumulation at the ankle. Which intervention would be most effective at reducing the edema?

Crushed ice pack
Intermittent compression pump
Pulsed ultrasound
Contrast bath

Answer 135

Intermittent compression pump

Question 136

A patient ambulates with excessive foot pronation. What will the therapist’s examination likely reveal?

Varus position of the heel
Forefoot valgus
Plantar fasciitis
Valgus position of the heel

Answer 136

Valgus position of the heel

Question 137

The physical therapist receives a referral to evaluate and treat a 6-month-old infant with right congenital muscular torticollis. On initial examination, the therapist would expect the head to be in which position?

a. Tilted towards the non-involved side, with the chin rotated towards the same side
b. Tilted towards the involved side, with the chin rotated towards the opposite side
c. Limited in ROM in lateral flexion toward the involved side
d. Limited in ROM in neck flexion and extension

Answer 137

b. Tilted towards the involved side, with the chin rotated towards the opposite side

Question 138

A physical therapist receives a referral to examine and treat an elderly patient in the early stage of ALS. A confounding factor is the patient’s mild Alzheimer’s type dementia (AD). A significant factor in the patient’s management at this time will most likely be which impairment?

Memory impairment
Maintaining airway clearance
Limited mobility
Limited ADLs

Answer 138

Memory impairment

Question 139

A patient with a transverse SCI has total lack of hip flexion, abduction, and knee extension. This functional loss is consistent with a designation of a complete spinal cord lesion at which level?

L1
L3
L4
L5

Answer 139

L1

Question 140

A physical therapist is treating a terminally ill patient with AIDS at home. What would be a major psychological focus or consideration when managing this patient?

a. Discontinue treatment if the patient/therapist relationship becomes overly dependent
b. Encourage expression of feelings and memories
c. Keep the patient’s friends and relative up to date on the patient’s treatment and state of mind
d. Discontinue any activities that may cause the patient discomfort in order to keep anxiety levels low

Answer 140

b. Encourage expression of feelings and memories

Question 141

A physical therapist wishes to mobilize a patient’s shoulder using an inferior glide technique. It would be best to initially use this technique by prepositioning the patient’s arm in which position?

95 degrees of abduction with lateral rotation
125 degrees of abduction with internal rotation
35 degrees of abduction and neutral rotation
95 degrees of shoulder flexion and neutral rotation

Answer 141

35 degrees of abduction and neutral rotation

Question 142

A therapist wishes to examine the effects of fatigue on physical, cognitive, and functional performance in a patient with a 7-year history of multiple sclerosis (MS). What is the BEST instrument to use?

Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
Walking Ability Questionnaire (WAQ)
Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)
Modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS)

Answer 142

Modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS)

Question 143

To promote upright posture and higher walking speeds in a child with spastic diplegia, which ambulatory aid is most beneficial?

A reciprocating gait orthosis
An anterior rollator walker
A posterior rollator walker
A parapodium

Answer 143

A posterior rollator walker

Question 144

A patient complains of vascular changes in the hands usually experienced whenever it is cold. The therapist suspects Raynaud’s disease. Which examination findings are consistent with this diagnosis?

Hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli
Loss of proprioception of the affected fingers
Loss of two-point discrimination in the affected hands
Temporary pallor and cyanosis of the digits

Answer 144

Temporary pallor and cyanosis of the digits

Question 145

A patient with a 6-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has experienced two recent bouts of pneumonia and limited functional mobility in the home. The therapist’s plan of care focuses on improving respiratory function and postural control. What is the BEST choice for intervention to address these issues at this time?

a. Supine, UE PNF lift and reverse lift patterns using rhythmic initiation
b. Quadruped, alternate arm and leg raises
c. Sitting, bilateral symmetrical UE PNF D2 flexion patterns using rhythmic initiation
d. Standing, bilateral symmetrical UE PNF D2 flexion patterns using dynamic reversals

Answer 145

c. Sitting, bilateral symmetrical UE PNF D2 flexion patterns using rhythmic initiation

Question 146

What are some common adverse effects that patients taking nitrates, diuretics, beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists might experience?

a. Hypotension and dizziness
b. Arrhythmia and unstable blood pressure
c. Extreme fatigue and arrhythmias
d. Hypotension and decreased electrolytes

Answer 146

a. Hypotension and dizziness

Question 147

Normotensive overweight and obese adolescents are performing isometrics and weightlifting as part of an exercise program. What is an important factor for the physical therapist to consider?

a. This type of exercise will decrease lean body mass and assist in weight loss
b. Blood pressure will fall if participants continuously hold their breath at the beginning of these exercises
c. This type of exercise will not affect cardiovascular conditioning
d. Blood pressure will rise during exercise and fall below resting levels after exercises ceases

Answer 147

d. Blood pressure will rise during exercise and fall below resting levels after exercises ceases

Question 148

What is the primary reason a patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has improved/increased aerobic capacity with bilateral upper extremity support during activity training?

a. It facilitates reverse action latissimus dorsi function to maximize ventilation
b. Holding on increases the resistance or workload
c. It increases sensory input and decreases balance work
d. It improves scalene recruitment to improve expiration

Answer 148

a. It facilitates reverse action latissimus dorsi function to maximize ventilation

Question 149

During a finger-to-nose test, a patient demonstrates hesitancy in getting started and is then unable to control the movement. The finger slams into the side of the face, missing the nose completely. How should the therapist document this finding?

a. Dysmetria
b. Dysdiadochokinesia
c. Dyssynergia
d. Intention tremor

Answer 149

a. Dysmetria

Question 150

A patient has worsening lateral knee pain that is exacerbated with running. Based on the history and symptoms, the therapist suspects iliotibial band friction syndrome. Which special test is performed that would help confirm this diagnosis?

a. Stutter test
b. Thessaly test
c. Ely’s test
d. Noble compression test

Answer 150

d. Noble compression test

Question 151

A patient with diabetes recently underwent a transtibial amputation. When instructing others in wrapping the residual limb to minimize edema and provide proper shape, it is important to stress which of the following?

a. The greatest pressure should be provided distally
b. The greatest pressure should be provided proximally
c. The pressure should be evenly distributed
d. An overlapping, circular, wrinkle-free pattern should be used

Answer 151

a. The greatest pressure should be provided distally

Question 152

The left phrenic nerve of a patient was accidentally severed during thoracic surgery. Which muscles should the physical therapist strengthen in order to provide substitute function?

a. Transversus abdominis
b. Scalenes
c. Internal obliques
d. External obliques

Answer 152

b. Scalenes

Question 153

An elderly male patient is not able to participate in rehabilitation. He is lethargic, complains of nausea and painful urination, and seems to be feverish. The therapist should inform his primary care physician if which of the following is suspected?

a. Bladder cancer
b. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
c. Urinary tract infection
d. Renal calculi

Answer 153

c. Urinary tract infection

Question 154

What is the most effective form of diagnostic imaging for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to help determine level of disease activity?

a. Positron emission tomography (PET)
b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
c. Computed tomography (CT)
d. Transcranial sonography

Answer 154

b. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 155

Three months following a left cerebrovascular stroke and a 4-week stay of inpatient rehabilitation, a patient is receiving home care physical therapy. The patient’s movements in the right extremities show good recovery (out-of-synergy). Functional level is a 6 on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). At this juncture, what should be the focus of motor learning strategies?

a. Use of mental practice to improve performance
b. Breaking down complex tasks into component parts
c. Use of serial practice order of related skills
d. Consistency of performance in variable environments

Answer 155

d. Consistency of performance in variable environments

Question 156

A physical therapist is working with a patient who exhibits fluent aphasia. What is a typical characteristic of this form of aphasia?

a. Impaired auditory comprehension
b. Slow, hesitant speech
c. Good comprehension
d. Impaired articulation

Answer 156

a. Impaired auditory comprehension

Question 157

A physical therapist is treating an elderly patient in the very early stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The patient lacks endurance to independently ambulate to and from the bathroom; however, she refuses to use a bed pan. This has caused added difficulties and stress for family members caring for her at home. What should the therapist do in this situation?

a. Initiate ambulation endurance training with distance to and from the bathroom as the primary goal
b. Recommend that the patient be transferred to a skilled nursing facility until she has sufficient endurance to get to and from the bathroom
c. Recommend use of a commode chair for the bedroom
d. Recommend use of a wheelchair and toilet grab rails

Answer 157

c. Recommend use of a commode chair for the bedroom

Question 158

A physical therapist is performing sensory tests on a patient diagnosed with C6 nerve root impingement. Where should the testing concentrate?

a. Second, third, and fourth fingers, palmar surface
b. Ulnar border of the hand (fifth finger)
c. Palmar surface of the thumb and distal, radial forearm
d. Medial (ulnar) forearm

Answer 158

c. Palmar surface of the thumb and distal, radial forearm

Question 159

A patient with post-traumatic brain injury (Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale level III) has evidence of retained secretions on auscultation and chest films. What is the BEST mode of airway clearance for this patient?

a. Active cycle of breathing
b. Autogenic drainage
c. Use of FLUTTER device
d. Use of the Vest Airway Clearance System

Answer 159

d. Use of the Vest Airway Clearance System

Question 160

A patient with a 10-year history of discoid lupus erythematosus presents with multiple discoid skin lesions that are raised and red and contain scaling plaques with central atrophy on the lower extremities. Topical corticosteroid creams are being used. What should be the focus of therapist’s initial plan of care?

a. Range of motion (ROM) exercises and prevention
b. Lightweight splints to provide joint protection
c. Aerobic training using a treadmill
d. Resistive training using at 60% to 80%, one-repetition maximum

Answer 160

a. Range of motion (ROM) exercises and prevention

Question 161

A patient with a 7-year history of Parkinson’s disease is hospitalized. The patient is ambulatory but requires close supervision to prevent falls. What should be the focus of the physical therapist’s plan of care?

a. Manual balance perturbation training
b. Transfer and wheelchair training
c. Caregiver training for contact guarding during level walking and stairs
d. Locomotor training using a rolling walker

Answer 161

c. Caregiver training for contact guarding during level walking and stairs

Question 162

A physical therapist is working with a patient recovering from traumatic brain injury (Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale level VII). The best test to determine if this patient demonstrates progression to open skills is to have the patient walk in which environment?

a. In the hallway
b. Across the busy hospital lobby
c. In the patient’s room
d. In the patient’s home

Answer 162

b. Across the busy hospital lobby

Question 163

A patient presents with an insidious onset of low back pain that started 10 days ago. Examination reveals an Oswestry Disability Index score of 40%, a Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire for Physical Activity score of 16, hypomobility at L4-5 with posteroanterior (PA) glide, and pain that radiates into the right buttock. Lumbar active range of motion (AROM) is painful at 50% of expected range in all directions. Hip passive range of motion (PROM) is within normal limits. Abdominal strength is fair. Based on this data, what is the BEST intervention for the patient?

a. Abdominal stabilization
b. Manipulation
c. Positional distraction
d. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and ice

Answer 163

d. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and ice

Question 164

What is the BEST evidence to determine orthotic intervention to prevent inversion ankle?

a. Meta-analyses of cohort studies
b. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials
c. Meta-analyses of multiple case studies
d. Randomized double-blind controlled trials

Answer 164

b. Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials

Question 165

Strengthening of the lateral pterygoid, anterior head of the digastric muscle, anterior head of the digastric muscle, and suprahyoid muscles would be the MOST BENEFICIAL intervention to improve which of the following?

a. Mouth closing
b. Mouth opening
c. Mouth protrusion
d. Mouth retrusion

Answer 165

b. Mouth opening

Question 166

A patient is immersed up to the neck in a therapeutic pool. While exercising this patient, the therapist should take into consideration the physiological effect of immersion. Which significant result might occur?

a. Increased forced vital capacity
b. Increased expiratory reserve volume
c. Increased work of breathing
d. Decreased pulmonary blood flow

Answer 166

c. Increased work of breathing

Question 167

A weightlifter with hypertrophy of the scalene muscles complains of pain and paresthesia in the right UE when lifting weight overhead. What is the most likely cause?

a. Thoracic outlet syndrome
b. Vertebral artery obstruction
c. Cervical radiculopathy
d. CRPS Type I

Answer 167

a. Thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 168

Damage as a result of Salter-Harris type IV supracondylar humeral epiphyseal fracture in a young athlete will most likely result in what consequence?

a. Refracture at at future time
b. Non-union
c. Arrested growth
d. Severing of the radial nerve

Answer 168

c. Arrested growth

Question 169

During examination of a patient with degenerative osteoarthritic changes in the CMC joint of the right thumb, the physical therapist notes a 20-degree loss of thumb palmar abduction. What translatory joint play motion (based on traditional concave-convex rules of motion) is associated with thumb palmar abduction and should be examined?

a. Dorsal translation of the MCP on the trapezium
b. Palmar translation of the MCP on the trapezium
c. Ulnar translation of the MCP on the trapezium
d. Radial translation of the MCP on the trapezium

Answer 169

a. Dorsal translation of the MCP on the trapezium

Question 170

A patient presents with a stage III pressure ulcer with a moist, necrotic wound. A hydrocolloid dressing (DuoDERM) is being used. During the dressing change, the therapist detects a strong odor, and the wound drainage has a yellow color. What is the therapist’s best course of action?

a. Reapply a new gauze dressing instead of hydrocolloid and report findings to the physician
b. Speak to the nurse about changing to a hydrogel dressing
c. Leave the dressing off the wound and report the findings immediately to the physician
d. Re-apply a new DuoDERM dressing and record the findings in the chart

Answer 170

d. Re-apply a new DuoDERM dressing and record the findings in the chart

Question 171

The results of isokinetic dynamometry at 180 degrees per second indicate that a male patient can generate a peak torque of 120 ft lbs with the right quadriceps muscle and only 80 ft lbs with the right hamstring musculature. What situation is being described?

a. Quadriceps torque generation is excessive
b. Hamstring torque generation is insufficient
c. Both quadriceps and hamstring torque generation is excessive
d. Torque generation is proportionally correct

Answer 171

d. Torque generation is proportionally correct

Question 172

A group of 37 adolescent girls ages 12-13 were recruited into a study on developmental changes in bone density. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured on admission into the study and every 4 months thereafter for a period of 3 years. The investigators concluded that BMD peaked at the age of 14, with a standard deviation of 7 months. What is the category of this research?

a. RCT
b. Case control study
c. Between-subject study
d. Prospective cohort study

Answer 172

d. Prospective cohort study

Question 173

A soccer player with a Q angle in excess of 30 degrees exhibits abnormal patellofemoral tracking. While playing soccer, what is the MOST often used device to address this problem?

Patellar stabilizing brace with a lateral buttress
Patellar stabilizing brace with a medial buttress
Neoprene sleeve with a patellar cutout
Derotation brace

Answer 173

Patellar stabilizing brace with a lateral buttress

Question 174

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 175

How would the clinical status of a patient with a posterior herniated nucleus pulposus be determined if there is improvement?

a. Peripheral pain increases only when lumbar extension is attempted
b. Peripheral pain occurs only with straight leg raising
c. Pain centralizes with passive hyperextension of the spine
d. There is flattening of the lumbar lordosis

Answer 175

c. Pain centralizes with passive hyperextension of the spine

Question 176

A patient complains of excessive upper and lower extremity muscle aching, cramping, and right upper quadrant pain when exercising. The patient has a history of chronic alcoholism and was placed on atorvastatin (a statin drug) 2 months ago. The therapist should refer the patient to the primary care physician for which reason?

For an exercise test to determine the right intensity for exercise
To rule out cirrhosis of the liver
To rule out liver and muscle dysfunction from statin
To rule out gallstones that may be obstructing the bile duct

Answer 176

To rule out liver and muscle dysfunction from statin

Question 177

A patient diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). What intervention should the plan of care for this patient emphasize?

a. Gaze stability exercises using horizontal head rotation (X1 viewing)
b. Canalith repositioning treatment
c. Postural stability exercises in sitting using a therapy ball
d. Habituation exercises using provocative positions and movements

Answer 177

b. Canalith repositioning treatment

Question 178

A therapist is examining a patient with an ulcer in the lower leg/ankle and suspects it is an arterial rather than a venous ulcer. One of the factors the therapist uses to determine this is based on the location of the ulcer. What is the typical location of an arterial ulcer?

Medial malleolus
Posterior tibial area
Lateral malleolus
Medial distal tibia

Answer 178

Lateral malleolus

Question 179

A patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been admitted to the hospital in acute respiratory failure as a result of an infection. What is the BEST choice for use of airway clearance techniques?

a. Should not be administered since it is contraindicated in acute respiratory failure
b. Should be administered two times a day to the patient’s tolerance
c. Should be administered according to the patient’s current home regimen
d. Should be administered vigorously once every 2 hours

Answer 179

d. Should be administered vigorously once every 2 hours

Question 180

Following a hard tackle, a football player exhibits signs of fractured ribs and a pneumothorax. When auscultating during inhalation over the injured area, what would the physical therapist expect to hear?

Soft, rustling sounds on inhalation
Decreased or no breath sounds crackles
Crackles
Wheezes

Answer 180

Decreased or no breath sounds crackles

Question 181

Which of these findings is characteristic of a Boutonniere deformity of the finger?

Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint
Contracture of the extensor digitorum communis tendon
Rupture with volar slippage of the lateral bands
Hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint

Answer 181

Rupture with volar slippage of the lateral bands

Question 182

A therapist wishes to study the progress of patients with paraplegia who are discharged from a rehabilitation setting. Starting with the patient’s discharge and once a month for 3 years, the therapist will measure their joint range of motion of both hips and knees. Accurate analysis of this time series study is heavily dependent upon which of the following?

Random sampling
Interrater reliability
Intrarater reliability
Predictive validity of the measurement

Answer 182

Intrarater reliability

Question 183

Confirmation of a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis can be made when viewing an oblique radiograph of the spine. What is the relevant diagnostic finding?

Posterior displacement of L5 over S1
Bamboo appearance of the spine
Compression of the vertebral bodies of L5 and S1
Bilateral pars interarticularis defects

Answer 183

Bilateral pars interarticularis defects

Question 184

A patient with degenerative joint disease of the right hip complains of pain in the anterior hip and groin, which is aggravated by weight bearing. There is decreased range of motion and capsular restrictions. Right gluteus medius weakness is evident during ambulation, and there is decreased tolerance of functional activities including transfers and lower extremity dressing. In this case, a capsular pattern of joint motion should be evident by which of the following?

Hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
Hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation
Hip extension, abduction, and external rotation
Hip flexion, abduction and external rotation

Answer 184

Hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation

Question 185

Upon removing the dressing covering a decubitus ulcer located on the heel of an elderly patient, the physical therapist observes copious amounts of a foul-smelling, yellow-green discharge. How should the therapist document this finding in the patient’s medical record?

There is likelihood of a staphylococcus aureus infection
Maceration of the wound is evident
Wound exudate is purulent
Wound exudate is serosanguinous

Answer 185

Wound exudate is purulent

Question 186

Four days following open-heart surgery, a patient is ambulating with a physical therapist in the hallway. The patient complains of some chest discomfort during the activity and wishes to return to his or her room. What should the therapist do?

a. Sit the patient down and call the physician immediately
b. Complete the treatment and have an aide transport the patient to the room as some discomfort is expected
c. Call the nurse and check to see if the discomfort is ongoing
d. Sit the patient down, take vital signs, and inform nursing services of the patient’s complaint

Answer 186

d. Sit the patient down, take vital signs, and inform nursing services of the patient’s complaint

Question 187

Following cast immobilization for a now healed supracondylar fracture of the humerus, a patient’s elbow lacks mobility. To increase elbow range of motion, joint mobilization in the maximum loose-packed position should be performed at what position?

Full extension
90 degrees of flexion
70 degrees of flexion
30 degrees of flexion

Answer 187

70 degrees of flexion

Question 188

Pursed lip breathing as part of the treatment regimen would be MOST appropriate for a patient with which condition?

Circumferential thoracic burns
Asbestosis
Rib fracture
Emphysema

Answer 188

Emphysema

Question 189

While gait training a patient following a stroke, the therapist observes the knee on the hemiparetic side going into recurvatum during stance phase. What is the MOST LIKELY cause of this deviation?

a. Severe spasticity of the hamstrings or weakness of the gastrocnemius-soleus
b. Weakness or severe spasticity of the quadriceps
c. Weakness of the gastrocnemius-soleus or spasticity of the pretibial muscles
d. Weakness of both the gastrocnemius-soleus and pretibial muscles

Answer 189

b. Weakness or severe spasticity of the quadriceps

Question 190

A patient suddenly falls and lands on a piece of equipment on the floor. A severe laceration with spurting blood is noted in the area of the lateral distal right thigh. To help control bleeding, where should the physical therapist apply pressure in addition to directly over the wound?

Behind the knee at the popliteal fossa
At the femoral triangle
At the antecubital fossa
At mid-thigh, directly over the profunda femoris artery

Answer 190

At the femoral triangle

Question 191

A patient is recovering from a mild stroke with trunk weakness and postural instability, The patient complains of severe heartburn. What is the BEST choice to maximize stroke recovery and improve trunk stabilization while minimizing heartburn?

a. Perform trunk stabilization exercises with the patient in the semi-Fowler position
b. Begin with bridging exercise progressing to sitting holding
c. Perform resisted holding in sitting using rhythmic stabilization
d. Take antacids before physical therapy

Answer 191

c. Perform resisted holding in sitting using rhythmic stabilization

Question 192

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 193

What is the expected hemodynamic response for a patient on a beta-adrenergic blocking agent during exercise?

a. Heart rate to be low at rest and rise minimally with exercise
b. Heart rate to be low at rest and rise continuously to expected levels as exercise intensity increases
c. Systolic blood pressure to be low at rest and not rise with exercise
d. Systolic blood pressure to be within normal limits at rest and progressively fall as exercise intensity increases

Answer 193

a. Heart rate to be low at rest and rise minimally with exercise

Question 194

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus has generalized osteoporosis. What is the BEST exercise to include in this patient’s plan of care?

a. Bilateral quadriceps presses against resistance in sitting
b. Aquatic exercises
c. Running on a treadmill
d. Partial squats in standing

Answer 194

d. Partial squats in standing

Question 195

A physical therapist observes a full-term infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) just after birth. In the supine position, the shoulders are abducted and externally rotated, elbow and fingers are flexed, hips are abducted and externally rotated, and knees are flexed. What would this posturing be an indication of?

a. Upper extremity tone is abnormal
b. Lower extremity tone is abnormal
c. Tone is abnormal in both upper and lower extremities
d. Tone is normal in both upper and lower extremities

Answer 195

d. Tone is normal in both upper and lower extremities

Question 196

During auscultation of the heart, the therapist hears S1 and S2 heart sounds. During early diastole, the therapist also hears a low frequency sound of turbulence. What suspected abnormal sound should the therapist record this as?

S4 sound
S3 sound
Heart murmur
Pericardial friction rub

Answer 196

S3 sound

Question 197

Use of continuous ultrasound at 1.5 watts/cm2 can increase which of the following?

Local metabolic rate
Rate of muscle hypertrophy
Stiffness of collagen tissue
The resolution of acute inflammation

Answer 197

Local metabolic rate

Question 198

A physical therapist is treating a patient with active infectious hepatitis B. In addition to wearing a protective gown when in the patient’s room, what precautions should be taken to avoid transmission of the disease?

a. Avoid direct contact with the patient’s blood or blood-contaminated equipment by wearing gloves
b. Avoid direct contact with any part of the patient
c. Have the patient wear a mask to minimize droplet spread of the organisms from coughing
d. Provide tissues and no-touch receptacles for disposal of tissue

Answer 198

a. Avoid direct contact with the patient’s blood or blood-contaminated equipment by wearing gloves

Question 199

Three months ago a patient experienced a traumatic injury to the hand that resulted in surgical tendon repair and fracture stabilization. The therapist is planning a treatment program to address tightness of the lumbricals. What exercises would be BEST in order to increase range of motion of the hand?

Both MCP and IP joints are moved into flexion
Both MCP and IP joints are moved into extension
MCP joints extended and the IP joints flexed
MCP joints flexed and the IP joints extended

Answer 199

MCP joints extended and the IP joints flexed

Question 200

When visually examining active abduction of the arm to 150 degrees, what is the normal composition of the motion a therapist would expect?

a. 150 degrees of the glenohumeral joint and 0 degrees of scapulothoracic motion
b. 110 degrees of the glenohumeral motion and 40 degrees of scapulothoracic motion
c. 75 degrees of the glenohumeral motion and 75 degrees of scapulothoracic motion
d. 100 degrees of the glenohumeral motion and 50 degrees of scapulothoracic motion

Answer 200

d. 100 degrees of the glenohumeral motion and 50 degrees of scapulothoracic motion