Rembe - Chapter 1 (MS) Flashcards
Pathology
The disease that closely resembles tuberculosis both clinically and histologically is
a. Osteomyelitis
b. Nasopharyngitis
c. Erysipelas
d. Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis
All of the following are complications that may occur as a result of a fracture EXCEPT:
a. Infection
b. Volkmann’s ischemic contracture
c. Crush syndrome
d. Fat embolism
c. Crush syndrome
A malignant neoplasm of glandular epithelium is
a. Adenoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Papilloma
d. Basal cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Which of the following neoplasms is malignant?
a. Fibroma
b. Chondroma
c. Osteoma
d. Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
A change from columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium may occur in chronic inflammations or vitamin A Deficiency; this is called:
a. Metaplasia
b. Anaplasia
c. Neoplasia
d. Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
A condition in which the loss of cellular and organizational differentiation tends to parallel the degree of malignancy is
a. Metaplasia
b. Anaplasia
c. Neoplasia
d. Hyperplasia
Anaplasia
The vitamin essential or important in callus production in fracture repair is
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B1
d. Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Which of the following factors are pathogenetic of the edema resulting from congestive heart failure?
a. Decreased cardiac output
b. Increased blood supply to various organs and tissues
c. Increased excretion of sodium by the kidneys
d. Decreased blood volume and elevated venous pressure
a. Decreased cardiac output
A megaloblastic anemia that results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 is known as
a. Normocytic anemia
b. Macrocytic anemia
c. Microcytic anemia
d. Pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia
The lymphoid system is composed of all of the following EXCEPT
a. Bone marrow
b. Thymus
c. Liver
d. Spleen
Liver
All of the following are features of basophils EXCEPT
a. Common with most cells in connective tissue
b. Have cytoplasmic granules
c. Present in large numbers in exudate
d. Contain histamine and heparin
Present in large numbers in exudate
In congestive heart disease, which of the following organs is most seriously affected due to the decreased blood supply that ensues?
a. Lungs
b. Kidneys
c. Intestines
d. Brain
Kidneys
All of the following properties are generally associated with immunological reaction ЕХСЕРТ
a. Memory
b. Self-recognition
c. Specificity
d. Forgetfulness
Forgetfulness
A hemorrhage that is discrete and localized within a tissue is referred to as a
a. Hematoma
b. Hematuria
c. Hemoptysis
d. Hematemesis
Hematoma
A hemorrhagic condition in which the hemorrhages are small and punctate is referred to as
a. Purpura
b. Melena
c. Ecchymosis
d. Petechiae
Melena
In differentiating diabetes mellitus from diabetes insipidus, the latter condition
a. Is closely related to the former
b. Is associated with pituitary disease
c. Results from insulin deficiency
d. Is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
b. Is associated with pituitary disease
Avitaminosis A or vitamin A deficiency in the diet leads to
a. Peripheral neuritis, a widespread edema, and myocardial weakness
b. Development of pernicious anemia
c. A decrease in the integrity of the endothelial lining of capillaries leading to petechiae throughout the body
d. A degeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory and digestive tracts and certain glands
d. A degeneration of the epithelium of the respiratory and digestive tracts and certain glands
An upset in the mechanisms controlling fluid balance of a tissue produces edema. The basic cause of edema is
a. An increase in the permeability of the capillary endothelium
b. Decreased capillary blood pressure
c. Increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
d. Increased extravascular tissue pressure
a. An increase in the permeability of the capillary endothelium
The condition of uremia results from renal insufficiency. Characteristics of this condition are
a. Anemia
b. High blood urea levels
c. High creatinine levels
d. Low nonprotein nitrogen levels
Anemia
Differentiate between heat stroke and heat exhaustion. The former condition is one in which
a. A high temperature overwhelms the body’s temperature
b. The skin is tepid
c. The skin is cold and clammy
d. The oral temperature is low
a. A high temperature overwhelms the body’s temperature
Inflammation is a local reaction in which the body attempts to remove some irritant that has been introduced into the tissues. This reaction or process may be caused by
a. Trauma, even though no bacteria are present
b. Acute infections resulting from the presence of bacteria
c. Frost bite
d. AOTA
AOTA
Active hyperemia refers to an increased flow of arterial blood to a part as a result of arteriolar dilatation produced by
a. Nervous stimuli
b. Defective cardiac action
c. Pressure of tumor mass
d. Thrombosis of a vein
Nervous stimuli
Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
a. Lack of coagulation
b. Lack of liquefaction
c. Lack of caseation
d. Gangrene
Gangrene
The characteristic cell type involved in a chronic inflammatory process is the
a. Eosinophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
d. Mast cell
Lymphocyte
The principal types of inflammatory processes are acute, chronic, and granulomatous. A granulomatous inflammation is
a. A subvariety of an acute process
b. A subvariety of a chronic process
c. The result of trauma to bone
d. The result of trauma to soft tissue
b. A subvariety of a chronic process
The symptoms of pulmonary infarction are characterized by
a. A sudden sharp chest pain
b. Hemoptysis
c. Tachycardia and dyspnea
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
In differentiating an organic disease from a functional disease, the lesions distinguishing an organic disease
a. May be microscopically observable
b. May be a temporary disturbance of function
c. May be symptomatic in the early stages
d. Always produce symptoms
a. May be microscopically observable
An acute bacterial infection that is not dependent upon the presence of organisms in the blood is termed a
a. Bacteremia
b. Septicemia
c. Pyemia
d. Toxemia
Toxemia
Hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart is associated with
a. Mitral stenosis
b. Hypotension
c. Pulmonary stenosis
d. Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis
In differentiating a coup injury from a contrecoup injury to the brain, the latter is
a. A type of contusion occurring directly beneath the area of impact
b. A type of contusion occurring directly opposite the point of impact
c. The result of a moving object that strikes the skull
d . The result of a crush syndrome
b. A type of contusion occurring directly opposite the point of impact
In differentiating an active hyperemia (or congestion) from a passive congestion, a passive congestion
a. Causes decreased circulation to a tissue or part
b. Causes an increased flow of arterial blood to a tissue or part
c. Leads to a decreased metabolic activity of the tissue or part
d. Is the result of an acute inflammatory process
d. Is the result of an acute inflammatory process
In differentiating between infectious hepatitis and serum hepatitis, the latter
a. Is acquired through the gastrointestinal tract
b. Is transmitted to the host via transfusion
c. Produces no liver changes
d. Has a shorted incubation period
b. Is transmitted to the host via transfusion
The neuroglia responsible for gliosis (filling the cranial defect resulting from trauma or infection) are
a. Microglia
b. Oligodendroglia
c. Astrocytes
d. Macrophages
Astrocytes
Which of the following neoplasms are benign?
a. Fibrosarcoma
b. Adenocarcinoma
c. Microglia
d. Hemangioma
Hemangioma
Which of the following conditions affect the lipoid structures of the body?
a. Wallerian degeneration
b. Fat necrosis
c. Intestinal lipodystrophy
d. Hyaline degeneration
Wallerian degeneration
Anemia characterized by a decreased concentration of hemoglobin is
a. Macrocytic anemia
b. Hypochromic anemia
c. Microcytic anemia
d. Normocytic anemia
Hypochromic anemia
Which of the following are NOT normal breakdown products of hemoglobin?
a. Hemosiderin
b. Hemetoidin
c. Bilirubin
d. Hematin
Hematin
The clinical picture of right ventricular hypertrophy in congestive heart failure does NOT include which of the following?
a. Cyanosis
b. Ascites
c. Edema of lower extremities
d. Dyspnea
Dyspnea
A cardiovascular disorder that causes hypertrophy of the left ventricle is
a. Pulmonary hypertension
b. Systemic hypotension
c. Stenosis of the mitral valves
d. Stenosis of the aortic valves
d. Stenosis of the aortic valves
Which of the following factors are related to diabetes mellitus?
a. Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
b. Associated with pituitary disease
c. Obesity is not a common feature
d. Hypoglycemia is present
a. Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
Which of the following clinical features of congestive heart failure would NOT be attributable to right ventricular failure?
a. Peripheral edema (lower extremities, abdomen)
b. Congestion of liver
c. Increase in venous pressure
d. Pulmonary edema
a. Peripheral edema (lower extremities, abdomen)
Epithelioid cells are common to all of the following EXCEPT
a. Common component of granulomatous inflammation
b. Walls off agents the body is not
c. Are altered macrophages
d. Are altered epithelial cells
d. Are altered epithelial cells
All of the following are examples of humoral immunity EXCEPT
a. Antibody-mediated
b. Mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes
c. B lymphocytes involved
d. Induced by protein molecules
b. Mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes
Which of the following results are caused by a passive congestion to a tissue or part?
a. Increased circulation
b. Increased metabolism
c. Increased oxygen supply
d. Increased capillary permeability
Increased capillary permeability
Which of the following is an example of cellular immunity?
a. Antibody-mediated
b. Anaphylactic shock after injection
c. Response probably immediate
d. Positive tuberculin skin test
d. Positive tuberculin skin test
The most common type of intracranial bleeding due to trauma associated with the head is
a. Subdural hemorrhage
b. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
c. Intercranial
d. Extracranial
b. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The most frequent involvement for myocardial infarction is in the
a. Right ventricle
b. Left ventricle
c. Right atrium
d. Left atrium
Left ventricle
The most common cause of cerebral vascular accidents (stroke) is
a. Thrombosis
b. Hemorrhage
c. Aneurysm
d. Neoplasms
Thrombosis
All of the following account for increases in blood vessel diameter and permeability EXCEPT
a. Histamine
b. Plasma kinins
c. Corticosteroids
d. Prostaglandins
Corticosteroids
An antibody that can enhance phagocytosis and macrophages is
a. Hapten
b. Opsonin
c. Agglutinin
d. Precipitin
Opsonin
A diet deficient in vitamin B2, riboflavin, causes
a. Beriberi
b. Scurvy
c. Cheilosis and eye lesions
d. Pernicious anemia
Cheilosis and eye lesions
In an inflammatory process, the body’s first line of defense - the first type of white blood cell to collect outside of blood vessels - is the
a. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
b. Monocyte
c. Lymphocyte
d. Polymorphonuclear Eosinophils
a. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
The principal ion of extracellular fluids is
a. Potassium
b. Phosphate
c. Sodium
d. Chloride
Sodium
As a result of a disease, fluid may be formed in the pleural cavities. This fluid
a. May form as the result of an inflammation and is called a transudate
b. May result from back pressure in the veins and capillaries and is called an exudate
c. Comes from blood vessels, whether it is an exudate or transudate
d. Is thin and watery in empyema
c. Comes from blood vessels, whether it is an exudate or transudate
The most chronic disease of the lungs is
a. Pulmonary tuberculosis
b. Emphysema
c. Asthma
d. Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
All of the following are favorable conditions for a thrombosis EXCEPT
a. Venous stasis
b. Increased blood platelets
c. Rough vessel lining
d. Decreased viscosity of the blood
Decreased viscosity of the blood
A Disease involving the aorta and its large branches is called
a. Monckeberg’s sclerosis
b. Arteriolosclerosis
c. Atherosclerosis
d. Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
A patient who is a weight-lifter has increased the size of the deltoid, biceps, and triceps muscles. This increase is known as
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Hypotrophy
d. Hypermobility
Hypertrophy
An individual with spontaneous attacks of wheezing and dyspnea is otherwise usually free of these symptoms. This patient very likely has
a. Chronic bronchitis
b. Acute Bronchitis
c. Bronchial asthma
d. Pulmonary emphysema
Bronchial asthma
An individual states he becomes short of breath and wheezes when he runs, mows the lawn, or does other heavy work. What disease is he demonstrating?
a. Bronchial asthma
b. Chronic bronchitis
c. Pulmonary emphysema
d. Acute bronchitis
Pulmonary emphysema
All of the following are manifestations of atopic dermatitis EXCEPT
a. Bronchial asthma
b. Allergic eczematous
c. Allergic rhinitis
d. Hay fever
Allergic eczematous
All of the following are sites of metastasis of Hodgkin’s disease EXCEPT
a. Lymph nodes
b. Liver
c. Spleen
d. Lungs
Lungs
All of the following are reactions caused by leukemia EXCEPT
a. Growth of cells in abnormal areas
b. Destruction of bone marrow
c. Production of abnormal protein
d. Increased metabolic rate
Production of abnormal protein
Hemophilia is usually transmitted from an affected male through which member of his family?
a. Son
b. Daughter
d. Granddaughter
Daughter
Following cell injury by a pathogenic bacteria, what reaction can be expected in the host?
a. Death reaction
b. Necrotic reaction
c. A sterile reaction
d. An acute inflammatory reaction
An acute inflammatory reaction
All of the following cells are capable of regenerating following necrosis EXCEPT
a. Myocardial
b. Epithelial
c. Lymphoid
d. Neurons
d. Neurons
When comparing healing by first intention to healing by secondary intention, one would expect all of the following to occur EXCEPT
a. Less scarring
b. Greater amount of exudate
c. Process to be completed in a longer time
d. More granulation tissue
Less scarring
In evaluating an acute inflammation, which of the following signs would be present?
a. Calor
b. Rigor
c. Algor
d. Algae
Calor
Increased vascular permeability as a result of inflammation includes which of the following?
a. Heat
b. Coolness
c. Swelling
d. Redness
Swelling
All of the following are systemic manifestations associated with inflammation EXCEPT
a. Leukocytosis
b. Malaise
c. Fever
d. Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis
In chronic inflammation, which of the following cells are LEAST likely to be found in large members?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Fibroblasts
d. Macrophages
Neutrophils
All of the following statements apply to cystic fibrosis EXCEPT
a. It is a familial disease, the defect transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene
b. It results in a mucoviscidosis of the glands of the trachea and bronchi only
c. It involves the pancreas
d. It may eventually involve the liver, resulting to cirrhosis
b. It results in a mucoviscidosis of the glands of the trachea and bronchi only
Which of the following conditions may lead to renal failure due to anoxic necrosis?
a. Shock
b. Trauma
c. Incompatible blood transfusion
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
A pulmonary patient states he has a daily cough and increased sputum over the past few years. You would suspect this patient to have
a. Acute bronchitis
b. Chronic bronchitis
c. Pulmonary emphysema
d. Bronchial asthma
Chronic bronchitis
In the process of coagulation, or clotting of blood, the platelets
a. Liberate thromboplastin, which neutralizes heparin
b. Activate thrombin from prothombin
c. Change fibrinogen to fibrin
d. Enter into the reaction with calcium salts and prothrombin to form fibrinogen
a. Liberate thromboplastin, which neutralizes heparin
Anemia characterized by a decrease in erythrocytes due to hemorrhage is
a. Macrocytic anemia
b. Hypochromic anemia
c. Microcytic anemia
d. Normocytic anemia
Normocytic anemia
One of the many complications occurring as a result of a fracture is Volkmann’s ischemic contracture. This condition
a. May occur after a fracture is sustained in the upper extremity
b. Is caused by an interference of the nerve supply because of the cast
c. Is the result of a deficient arterial blood supply
d. Is caused by an interference with the venous return
d. Is caused by an interference with the venous return
