Giles A

Question 1

A physical therapist performs a manual muscle test on a patient with unilateral lower extremity weakness. The physical therapist should test the patient’s hip adductors with the patient position in:

a. Prone
b. Sidelying
c. Standing
d. supine

Answer 1

Sidelying

Question 2

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Question 3

A physician completes a physical examination on a 16-year-old male who injured his knee while playing in a soccer contest yesterday. The physicians’ preliminary diagnosis is a grade II anterior cruciate ligament. Which of the following diagnostic tools would be the MOST appropriate in the immediate medical management of the patient?

a. Bone Scan
b. Computed Tomography
c. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
d. X-Ray

Answer 3

X-Ray

Question 4

A physical therapist performs goniometric measurements on a 38-year-old female rehabilitating from an acromioplasty. The therapist attempts to stabilize the scapula while measuring glenohumeral abduction. Failure to stabilize the scapula will lead to:

a. Downward rotation and elevation of the scapula
b. Upward rotation and depression of the scapula
c. Upward rotation and elevation of the scapula
d. Upward rotation and depression of the scapula

Answer 4

c. Upward rotation and elevation of the scapula

Question 5

A physical therapist performs an examination on a 46-year-old male patient diagnosed with piriformis syndrome. The patient indicates he has experienced pain in his low back and buttock region for the last three weeks. Which motions would you expect to be weak and painful during muscle testing based on the patient’s diagnosis?

a. Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
b. Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh
c. Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
d. Adduction and medial rotation of the thigh

Answer 5

a. Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 6

A physical therapist assesses a patient’s upper extremity deep tendon reflex as part of a screening examination. The MOST appropriate location to elicit the brachioradialis reflex is the:

Radial tuberosity
Antecubital fossa
Biceps tendon
Styloid process of the radius

Answer 6

Styloid process of the radius

Question 7

A physical therapist completes a respiratory assessment on a patient in an acute care hospital. The examination reveals decreased breath sounds and decreased fremitus. This finding is MOST indicative of:

Pleural effusion
Pulmonary edema
Consolidation
Atelectasis

Answer 7

Pleural effusion

Question 8

A physical therapist performs gait training activities with an eight-year-old child who utilizes a reciprocating gait orthosis. Which medical diagnosis is MOST often described with the use of this type of orthotic device?

Cerebral palsy
Down syndrome
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Spina bifida

Answer 8

Spina bifida

Question 9

A physical therapist instructs a patient rehabilitating from thoracic surgery how to produce an effective cough. Which patient position would be the MOST appropriate to initiate treatment?

Standing
Sitting
Sidelying
Hook Lying

Answer 9

Sitting

Question 10

A physical therapist provides pre-operative instructions for a patient scheduled for hip arthroplasty surgery. As part of the session, the therapist discusses the importance of preventing deep vein thrombosis following surgery. Which finding is the BEST indicator that the patient is at minimal risk of acquiring deep vein thrombosis?

a. Ability to perform ankle pumps and muscle setting exercises
b. Ability to ambulate on a frequent schedule
c. Ability to achieve full hip range of motion within allowable limits
d. Ability to utilize pneumatic compression devices and elastic stockings

Answer 10

b. Ability to ambulate on a frequent schedule

Question 11

A group of physical therapists design a research study which examines the reliability of the Functional Independence Measure. To measure reliability, the therapist utilizes a test-retest design. What is the MOST significant source of error with this type of research design?

a. Sampling error
b. Tendency to rate too strictly or leniently
c. Change in the forms due to sampling of items
d. Change in subject situation over time

Answer 11

d. Change in subject situation over time

Question 12

A physical therapist treats a patient status post femur fracture with external fixation. While monitoring the patient during an exercise session, the therapist observes clear drainage from a distal pin site. The MOST appropriate therapist action is:

a. Discontinue the exercise session and contact the referring physician
b. Use a gauze pad to absorb the drainage and notify nursing
c. Use a gauze pad to absorb the drainage and continue with the exercise session
d. Document the finding and discontinue the exercise session

Answer 12

c. Use a gauze pad to absorb the drainage and continue with the exercise session

Question 13

A physical therapist is scheduled to treat a patient requiring droplet precautions. What type of protective equipment would be necessary prior to entering the patient’s room?

Gloves
Mask
Gloves and mask
Gloves, gown, and mask

Answer 13

Mask

Question 14

A physical therapist collects data as part of a research project that requires direct observation of children performing selected gross motor activities. The therapist is concerned about the influence of an observer on the child’s performance. The MOST effective strategy to control for this source of error is to:

a. Provide initial and refresher observer training
b. Increase observer awareness and influence of their background
c. Have an observer spend time with the children before direct observation
d. Ask the children to ignore the presence of the observer

Answer 14

c. Have an observer spend time with the children before direct observation

Question 15

A physical therapist discusses the importance of proper posture with a patient rehabilitating from back surgery at the L3-L4 spinal level. Which body position would place the most pressure on the lumbar spine?

a. Standing in the anatomical position
b. Standing with 45 degrees of hip flexion
c. Sitting in a chair slouching forward
d. Sitting in a chair with reduced lumbar lordosis

Answer 15

c. Sitting in a chair slouching forward

Question 16

A physical therapist works on transfer activities with a patient diagnosed with complete C5 spinal cord injury. Which of the following muscles would the patient be able to utilize during the training session?

Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Latissimus dorsi

Answer 16

Brachioradialis

Question 17

A physical therapist assesses the deep tendon reflexes of patients as part of the lower quarter screening examination. The therapist determines that the right and left patellar tendon reflex and the left Achilles tendon reflex are 2+, while the right Achilles tendon reflex is absent. The clinical condition that could BEST explain this finding is:

Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis
Peripheral Neuropathy
Intermittent claudication

Answer 17

Peripheral Neuropathy

Question 18

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Question 19

A physical therapist attempts to palpate the tibialis posterior tendon. To facilitate palpation of this structure the therapist should:

a. Ask the patient to invert and plantar flex the foot.
b. Ask the patient to evert and dorsiflex the foot
c. Ask the patient to invert and dorsiflex the foot
d. Passively evert and plantar flex the foot

Answer 19

a. Ask the patient to invert and plantar flex the foot

Question 20

A physical therapist participating in a research project uses a simple random sample to draw a sample from the population. By selecting this type of sample, the therapist ensures:

a. The data collected from the sample will be normally distributed
b. The sample size will be large.
c. The sample will have proportional representation from all parts of the population
d. That every member of the population has equal opportunity of being chosen

Answer 20

d. That every member of the population has equal opportunity of being chosen

Question 21

A physical therapist examines the heart sound of 48-year-old female status post coronary artery bypass graft. When auscultating, the therapist identifies the heart sound associated with closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. This heart sound BEST describes:

S1
S2
S3
S4

Answer 21

S1

Question 22

During a balance assessment of a patient with left hemiplegia, it is noted that sitting the patient requires minimal assistance to maintain the position and cannot accept any additional challenge. The physical therapist would appropriately document the patient’s sitting balance as:

Normal
Good
Fair
Poor

Answer 22

Poor

Question 23

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a head injury who begins to perseverate. In order to refocus the patient and achieve the desired therapeutic outcome, the therapist should:

a. Focus on the topic of perseveration for a short period of time in order to appease the patient
b. Guide the patient into an interesting new activity and reward successful completion of the task
c. Take the patient back to his rom for quiet time and attempt to resume therapy once he has stopped perseverating
d. Continue with repetitive verbal cues to cease perseveration.

Answer 23

b. Guide the patient into an interesting new activity and reward successful completion of the task

Question 24

A male physical therapist examines a female diagnosed with subacromial bursitis. After taking a thorough history, the therapist asks the patient to change into a gown. The patient seems very uneasy about this suggestion, but finally agrees to use the gown. The MOST appropriate course of action would be to:

a. Continue with the treatment as planned
b. Attempt to treat the patient without using the gown
c. Bring a female staff member into the treatment room and continue with treatment
d. Offer to transfer the patient to a female physical therapist.

Answer 24

c. Bring a female staff member into the treatment room and continue with treatment

Question 25

A physical therapist treats a patient status post CVA. Which action would be MOST likely to facilitate elbow extension in a patient with hemiplegia?

a. Turn the head to the affected side
b. Turn the head to the unaffected side
c. Extended the lower extremities
d. Flex the lower extremities

Answer 25

a. Turn the head to the affected side

Question 26

A physical therapist examines a patient three days following shoulder surgery. The patient complains of general malaise and reports a slightly elevated body temperature during the last twenty-four hours. Physical examination reveals an amount of yellow fluid is observed seeping from the incision. The MOST appropriate therapist action is:

a. Send the patient to the emergency room
b. Communicate the information to the referring physician
c. Document the findings in the medical record
d. Ask the patient to make an appointment with the referring physician

Answer 26

b. Communicate the information to the referring physician

Question 27

A patient with an acute burn is referred to physical therapy less than 24 hours after being admitted to the hospital. The patient’s burns range from superficial partial-thickness. Which of the following findings would be most predictable based on the patient’s injury?

a. Increased oxygen consumption
b. Hypernatremia
c. Increased intravascular fluid
d. Decreased core temperature

Answer 27

a. Increased oxygen consumption

Question 28

A patient sustains a deep partial-thickness burn to the anterior surface of the right upper extremity and superficial partial thickness burn to the anterior surface of the trunk. According to the “rule of nines”. The patient has burns over:

a. 13.5 percent of the body
b. 22.5 percent of the body
c. 27.0 percent of the body
d. 36.0 percent of the body

Answer 28

b. 22.5 percent of the body

Question 29

A physical therapist examines the posture of a patient from a lateral view using a plumb line. Which medical condition would be LEAST likely to result in the external auditory meatus being anterior to the plumb line?

Ankylosing spondylitis
Grave’s disease
Osteoporosis
Parkinson’s disease

Answer 29

Grave’s disease

Question 30

A patient with complete paraplegia discusses accessibility issue with an employer in preparation for her return to work. The patient is concerned about her ability to navigate a wheelchair in certain areas of the building. What is the MINIMUM space required to turn 180 degrees in a standard wheelchair?

32 inches
48 inches
60 inches
72 inches

Answer 30

60 inches

Question 31

A physical therapist treats a 12-year-old with spastic diplegia that recently underwent an iliopsoas tendon release. The MOST likely associated finding with this surgical procedure is:

Crouched gait
Lower limb scissoring
Equinovarus deformity
Knee flexion contracture

Answer 31

Crouched gait

Question 32

A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient diagnosed with impingement syndrome with iontophoresis directly over the insertion of the supraspinatus muscle. What bony landmarks BEST corresponds to this site?

a. Less tubercle of the humerus
b. Greater tubercle of the humerus
c. Supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
d. Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Answer 32

b. Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 33

A physical therapist examines the breath sounds of a 55- year-old male diagnosed with pulmonary disease. The therapist identifies crackles during both inspiration and expiration, This finding is MOST representative of:

Pleural effusion
Pulmonary fibrosis
Impaired secretion clearance
Localized stenosis

Answer 33

Impaired secretion clearance

Question 34

The components of a clinical question posed in order to search the literature for information about the effectiveness of a therapy include:

a. Subjective, objective, assessment, plan (S.O.AP.)
b. Patient or problem, intervention, comparison, outcome (P-I-C-O)
c. Impaired secretion clearance
d. Localized

Answer 34

b. Patient or problem, intervention, comparison, outcome (P-I-C-O)

Question 35

A physical therapist completes a developmental assessment on a seven-month-old infant. Assuming normal development, which of the following reflexes would NOT be integrated?

Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
Moro reflex
Landau reflex
Symmetrical tonic reflex

Answer 35

Landau reflex

Question 36

A physical therapist examines a patient with limited cervical range of motion. As part of the examination, the therapist attempts to screen the patient for possible vertebral artery involvement, but is unable to position the patient’s head and neck in the recommended test position, The MOST appropriate action is to:

a. Complete the vertebral artery test with the head and neck positioned in approximately 50 percent of the available cervical range of motion.
b. Complete the vertebral artery test as far Into the available cervical range of motion as tolerated
c. Avoid completing the vertebral artery test until the patient has full cervical range of motion
d. Avoid all direct cervical treatment techniques until the vertebral artery test can be assessed at the limits of normal cervical range of motion.

Answer 36

b. Complete the vertebral artery test as far Into the available cervical range of motion as tolerated

Question 37

A 30 -year-old female is seen in physical therapy secondary to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Which of the following physical therapy treatments would MOST benefit this patient?

Dix- Hallpike maneuver
Canalith repositioning maneuver
Singular neurectomy
Gaze stability exercises

Answer 37

Canalith repositioning maneuver

Question 38

A physical therapist inspects the static wrist and hand position of a patient with advanced rheumatoid arthritis. Which positioning is MOST likely based on the medical diagnosis?

a. Radial deviation of the radiocarpal joint and radial deviation of the fingers.
b. Radial deviation of the radiocarpal joint and ulnar deviation of the fingers.
c. Ulnar deviation of the radiocarpal joint and radial deviation of the fingers.
d. Radial deviation of the radiocarpal joint and ulnar deviation of the fingers.

Answer 38

b. Radial deviation of the radiocarpal joint and ulnar deviation of the fingers.

Question 39

As a component of a cognitive assessment, a physical therapist asks a patient to count from one to twenty-five by increment of three. Which cognitive function does this task MOST accurately assess?

Attention
Constructional ability
Abstract ability
Orientation

Answer 39

Attention

Question 40

A physical therapist treats a patient that sustained an acute wound to the anterior surface of the forearm. Which cell component would have been the FIRST to arrive at the injury site immediately following the incident?

Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts
Leukocytes
Platelets

Answer 40

Platelets

Question 41

A physical therapist uses the Modified Ashworth Scale when assessing a patient status post stroke. Which of the following assessment procedures would be the MOST appropriate when using the Modified Ashworth Scale?

Strength testing
Deep tendon reflex testing
Active range of motion
Passive range of motion

Answer 41

Passive range of motion

Question 42

A physical therapist treats a patient with lower extremity weakness due to a laceration injury to the tibial nerve. Which movement would MOST likely be unaffected by the nerve injury?

Plantar flexion of the ankle
Extension of the great toe
Flexion of the great toe
Flexion of toes 2-5

Answer 42

Extension of the great toe

Question 43

A patient’s job requires him to move boxes weighing 35 pounds from a transport cart to an elevated conveyor belt. The patient can complete the activity, however, is unable to prevent hyperextension of the spine. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is to:

a. Implement a pelvic stabilization program
b. Design an abdominal strengthening program
c. Review proper body mechanics
d. Use an elevated platform when placing boxes on the belt

Answer 43

d. Use an elevated platform when placing boxes on the belt

Question 44

A 21-year-old- male patient informs a physical therapist that additional therapy visits will not be covered by his medical insurance provider. The patient is 12 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and has had an unremarkable post-operative progression. The MOST appropriate therapist action is:

a. Offer to treat the patient pro bono
b. Devise nan affordable payment plan
c. Request additional visits from the third party payer
d. Discharge the patient with a home exercise program

Answer 44

d. Discharge the patient with a home exercise program

Question 45

A physical therapy program designs a study that uses performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test as a predictor of grade point average in a physical therapist academic program. The results of the study identity that the overall correlation between the variables is 0.87, which statement is MOST accurate based on the results of the study?

a. A high-grade point average in a physical therapy program caused by a high score on the Scholastic Aptitude test.
b. Students in a physical therapy program with high scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test tend to have high grade point averages
c. There is no relationship between grade point average in a physical therapy program and performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
d. There is an inverse relationship between grade point average in a physical therapy program and performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test.

Answer 45

b. Students in a physical therapy program with high scores on the Scholastic A aptitude Test tend to have high grade point averages

Question 46

A patient is referred to physical therapy with C6 nerve root injury. Which of the following clinical findings would NOT be expected with this type of injury?

a. Diminished sensation on the anterior arm and the index finger
b. Weakness in the biceps and supinator
c. Diminished brachioradialis reflex
d. Paresthesia of the long and ring fingers.

Answer 46

d. Paresthesia of the long and ring fingers.

Question 47

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Question 48

A physician orders an electrocardiogram (ECG) for a patient diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The medical record indicates the patient is currently taking digitalis. What effect would you expect digitalis to have on the patient’s ECG?

Sinus tachycardia
Lengthened PR interval
Lengthened QT interval
Elevated ST segment

Answer 48

Lengthened PR interval

Question 49

A physical therapist completes an examination on a five-year-old boy diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The referral indicates that the boy was diagnosed with the disease less than one year ago. Assuming a normal progression, which of the following findings would be the FIRST to occur?

Distal muscle weakness
Proximal muscle weakness
Impaired respiratory weakness
Inability to perform activities of daily living

Answer 49

Proximal muscle weakness

Question 50

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Question 51

A physical therapist treats a nine-year-old child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. As a part of the treatment session the therapist attempts to improve the efficiency of the patient’s breathing. The MOST appropriate technique to encourage full expansion at the base of the lungs is:

a. Manual percussion with pressure over the posterior portion of the ribs with the patient in prone
b. Manual contacts with pressure over the lateral borders of the ribs with the patient in supine
c. Manual vibration over the lateral portion of the ribs with the patient in sidelying
d. Manual cues over the epigastric area with the patient in supine.

Answer 51

b. Manual contacts with pressure over the lateral borders of the ribs with the patient in supine

Question 52

A physician discusses a patient’s plan of care with a physical therapist. The patient is a 29-year-old male that sustained deep partial-thickness burns to the anterior surface of his lower extremities. The physician discusses the possibility of discontinuing use of the topical antibiotic silver sulfadiazine after identifying an irregularity in the patient’s laboratory results. Which finding would be MOST related to the use of silver sulfadiazine?

Leukopenia
Peripheral edema
Hypokalemia
Altered pH balance

Answer 52

Leukopenia

Question 53

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient with atrial flutter. Which characteristic of atrial flutter best differentiates this condition from atrial fibrillation?

a. The regularity of the atrial rhythm
b. The irregularity of the atrial rhythm
c. The rapid rate of atrial depolarization
d. The slow rate of atrial depolarizaion

Answer 53

a. The regularity of the atrial rhythm

Question 54

A note in the medical record indicates that a patient was recently prescribed Lasix. Which condition is MOST commonly associated with the use of this medication?

Atrial flutter
Deep vein thrombosis
Hyperlipidemia
Congestive heart failure

Answer 54

Congestive heart failure

Question 55

A physical therapist instructs a patient to expire maximally after taking a maximal inspiration. The therapist can use these instructions to measure the patient’s:

Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Total lung capacity
Vital lung capacity

Answer 55

Vital lung capacity

Question 56

A patient’s medical record indicates the presence of significant electrolyte imbalance. Which condition would MOST commonly be associated with an Increased risk of cardiac arrest if left untreated?

Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypernatremia

Answer 56

Hyperkalemia

Question 57

If the forced expiratory volume In one second (FEV1) test is negative for airway obstruction in 99% of individuals without lung disease, then the measurement of FEV1 is:

Sensitive
Specific
Reliable
Valid

Answer 57

Specific

Question 58

A physical therapist applies an automated external defibrillator (AED) to a patient in cardiac arrest. In addition to ventricular fibrillation, what condition is capable of being identified and treated with AED?

Atrial fibrillation
Premature atrial contractions
Ventricular tachycardia
First degree ventricular heart lock

Answer 58

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 59

A physical therapist examines a patient with low back pain of unknown etiology. During the examination the therapist observes that the patient’s pain level remains unchanged with positioning in flexion and extension, however, is diminished with rest. This scenario is MOST consistent with:

Facet joint irritation
Spinal stenosis
Disk herniation
Neurogenic claudication

Answer 59

Neurogenic claudication

Question 60

A physical therapist observes a patient standing in a pool immersed in water to the level of the neck performing a number of upper extremity exercises. Which active movement will be MOST resisted by buoyancy with the patient starting with the arm positioned at the side and the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion?

Elbow flexion
Elbow extension
Shoulder abduction
Shoulder medial rotation

Answer 60

Elbow extension

Question 61

A physician examines a 36-year-old male with shoulder pain. As a part of the examination the physician orders x-rays. Which medical condition could be confirmed using this type of diagnostic imaging?

Bicipital tendonitis
Calcific tendonitis
Supraspinatus impingement
Subacromial bursitis

Answer 61

Calcific tendonitis

Question 62

A physical therapist designs a research study that will examine the effect of high voltage galvanic electrical stimulation on edema following arthroscopic knee surgery. The MOST appropriate method to collect data is:

Anthropometric measurements
Circumferential measurements
Goniometric measurements
Volumetric measurements

Answer 62

Circumferential measurements

Question 63

A 29-year-old male diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis reports progressive stiffening of the spine and associated pain or more than five years. The patient’s MOST typical standing posture demonstrates:

a. Posterior thoracic rib hum
b. Flattened lumbar curve, exaggerated thoracic curve
c. Excessive lumbar curve, flattened thoracic curve
d. Lateral curvature of the spine with fixed rotation of the vertebrae

Answer 63

b. Flattened lumbar curve, exaggerated thoracic curve

Question 64

A physical therapist completes a developmental assessment on an infant. Which pediatric reflex would the therapist expect to integrated at the youngest age?

Plantar grasp reflex
Moro reflex
Landau reflex
Galant reflex

Answer 64

Galant reflex

Question 65

A physical therapist treats a patient with a sacral pressure ulcer by applying a foam dressing Impregnated with charcoal. This type of dressing would be MOST beneficial in treating which type of wound?

a. A dry wound that is infected
b. A dry wound that has a fetid odor
c. A heavily exuding wound that is infected
d. A heavily exuding wound that has a fetid odor

Answer 65

d. A heavily exuding wound that has a fetid odor

Question 66

A physical therapist examines a patient following a transtibial amputation. The patient resides in a retirement community and describes herself as socially active. She is presently using a temporary prosthesis consisting of a plastic socket, a pylon, and a solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot. The patient expresses concern that the permanent prosthesis will look awful and will be obvious to everyone. Which type of prosthesis would be the MOST appropriate for the patient?

a. Endoskeletal shank and single-axis articulated foot-ankle assembly
b. Endoskeletal shank and solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot
c. Exoskeletal shank and single-axis articulated foot-ankle assembly
d. Exoskeletal shank and solid ankle cushion heel (SACH)

Answer 66

b. Endoskeletal shank and solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot

Question 67

A physical therapist observes a patient during gait training. The patient has normal strength and equal leg length. As the patient passes mid stance he slightly vaults and exhibits early toe off. The MOST likely cause of this deviation is:

Weakness of the dorsiflexors
Weakness of the hip abductors
Laminated plantar flexion
Limited dorsiflexion

Answer 67

Limited dorsiflexion

Question 68

A physical therapist treats a patient with Parkinson’s disease who has been receiving levodopa therapy for two years. Which side effect would MOST likely be present due to the chronic use of this medication?

Bradykinesia
Choreoathetosis
Shuffling gait
Rigidity

Answer 68

Choreoathetosis

Question 69

A physical therapist concludes that the Lachman test is negative in a patient with a suspected anterior cruciate ligament injury. Which finding would MOST likely contribute to a potential false negative?

a. Moderate effusion of the knee joint capsule
b. 12 millimeters of anterior translation of the tibia on the femur.
c. Protective muscle guarding of the hamstring muscle
d. Previous injury involving the anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 69

c. Protective muscle guarding of the hamstring muscle

Question 70

A physical therapist observes an infant exhibiting a high guard position when in a sitting position. Which muscle would be MOST essential for the infant to maintain this position?

Pectoralis major
Rhomboids
Serratus anterior
Lower trapezius

Answer 70

Rhomboids

Question 71

A physical therapist employed in an outpatient orthopedic clinic examines a patient diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The therapist has limited experience with cerebral palsy and is concerned about his ability to provide appropriate treatment. The MOST appropriate therapist action is:

a. Inform the patient of your area of expertise
b. Co-treat the patient with another more experienced therapist
c. Treat the patient
d. Refuse to treat the patient

Answer 71

b. Co-treat the patient with another more experienced therapist

Question 72

A physical therapist compiles a table which identifies joint position at the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal points for each subunit of the stance phase of gait. Which of the following is NOT accurate in describing normal joint position at the end of terminal stance?

a. 15 degrees of hip hyperextension
b. 0 degrees of knee extension
c. 0 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion
d. 10 degrees of metatarsophalangeal hyperextension

Answer 72

d. 10 degrees of metatarsophalangeal hyperextension

Question 73

A physical therapist is treating a patient in an acute care setting with a hematologic disorder. The MOST appropriate profile to monitor on a daily basis in order to ensure patient safety during a physical therapy would be:

Hemoglobin
Complete blood count
Arterial blood gas
Blood glucose

Answer 73

Complete blood count

Question 74

A physical therapist treats a patient with a colostomy that is capable of producing solid stool on a fairly regular schedule.
Which type of colostomy would be MOST consistent. With this description?

Ascending colostomy
Descending colostomy
Sigmoid colostomy
Transverse colostomy

Answer 74

Sigmoid colostomy

Question 75

A physical therapist obtains a gross measurement of hamstrings length by passively extending the lower extremity of a patient in short sitting. The MOST common substitution to exaggerate hamstrings length is:

a. Weight shift to the contralateral side
b. Anterior rotation of the pelvis
c. Posterior rotation of the pelvis
d. Hiking of the contralateral hip

Answer 75

c. Posterior rotation of the pelvis

Question 76

A physical therapist prepares to formally assess the balance of a patient with a neurological disorder. The MOST appropriate method to assess the vestibular component of balance would be:

a. Assess cutaneous sensation
b. Apply a perturbation to alter the body’s center of gravity
c. Examines proprioception in weight bearing posture
d. Quantifying visual acuity and depth perception

Answer 76

b. Apply a perturbation to alter the body’s center of gravity

Question 77

A physical therapist uses metabolic equivalents (METs) as a method to establish exercise intensity for a 36-year-old female. The patient is recreationally active and has no relevant past medical history. Which MET level would be MOST consistent with the patient’s anticipated maximal aerobic capacity?

3 METs
6 METs
10 METs
15 METs

Answer 77

10 METs

Question 78

A physical therapist makes a footwear recommendation for a patient with foot pathology. The recommendations include a high and wide toe box, small to no heel, medial arch support, prescription would be the MOST beneficial for a patient diagnosed with:

Sesamoiditis
Hallux valgus
Pes cavus
metatarsalgia

Answer 78

Hallux valgus

Question 79

A physical therapist observes thenar atrophy when examining a patient’s hand. In the absence of other relevant findings, this could BEST be explained by:

C8 nerve root lesion
Paralysis of the interossei
Radial nerve lesion
Ulnar nerve lesion

Answer 79

C8 nerve root lesion

Question 80

A physical therapist inspects the skin of a child recently admitted to the hospital after sustaining a scald burn from hot water on his torso. The burn is moist and red with several areas of blister formation. The burn covers an area approximately four inches by three inches and blanches with direct pressure the MOST likely burn classification is:

Superficial
Superficial partial thickness
Deep partial thickness
Full thickness

Answer 80

Superficial partial thickness

Question 81

A physical therapist completes an upper quarter screening examination on a patient with a suspected cervical spine lesion. Which objective finding is NOT consistent with C5 involvement?

a. Muscle weakness in the supinator and wrist extensors
b. Diminished sensation in the deltoid and biceps
c. Muscle weakness in the deltoid and biceps
d. Diminished biceps and brachioradialis reflexes

Answer 81

Muscle weakness in the supinator and wrist extensors

Question 82

A physical therapist employed in a rehabilitation hospital reviews the medical record of a 26-year-old patient recently admitted to the facility. The medical record indicates that the patient sustained a spinal cord injury four weeks ago in a diving accident. Which medical diagnosis would result in the patient being MOST susceptible to autonomic dysreflexia?

T4 paraplegia
T12 paraplegia
Cauda equina injury
Posterior cord syndrome

Answer 82

T4 paraplegia

Question 83

A physical therapist utilizes neuromuscular electrical stimulation by attaching an electrode over the motor point of the peroneus longus. The MOST appropriate location to attach the electrode is:

a. Along the lateral border of the popliteal fossa
b. On the anterolateral surface of the lower leg
c. Proximal to the first metatarsophalangeal joint
d. Immediately inferior to the lateral malleolus

Answer 83

b. On the anterolateral surface of the lower leg

Question 84

A physical therapist evaluates the fall risk of a 73-years-old female after being placed on a new medication. Which medication would MOST likely contribute to an increased risk of falling?

Nonopiod analgesics
Benzodiazepines
Thrombolytics
Antidiarrheals

Answer 84

Benzodiazepines

Question 85

A physical therapist receives s a referral for a 48-year-old female diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient reports smoking three packs of cigarettes a day for the last 25 years. Assuming the patient was diagnosed with cancer two months ago, which of the following pieces of data would provide the therapist with the MOST valuable information when establishing the plan of care and the associated goals?

Premorbid lifestyle
Staging of cancer
Past medical history
Motivational level

Answer 85

Staging of cancer

Question 86

A physical therapist treats a 54-year-old male rehabilitating from a tibial plateau fracture. White completing a resistive exercise, the patient indicates that lifting weights often causes him to void small amounts of urine. The MOST appropriate therapist action is:

a. Refer the patient to a support
b. Instructs the patient in pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises
c. Discontinue resistive exercises as part of the established plan of care
d. Educate the patient about incontinence

Answer 86

d. Educate the patient about incontinence

Question 87

A physical therapist participates in a research study that formally measures an individual’s maximum oxygen consumption. Which individual would be expected to have the largest maximum oxygen consumption?

a. 23-year-old male (weight: 240 pounds, height: 70 inches)
b. 25-year-old female (weight:160 pounds, height:66 inches)
c. 53-year-old male (weight: 210 pounds, height:69 inches)
d. 47-year-old female (weight:130 pounds, height: 62 inches)

Answer 87

a. 23-year-old male (weight: 240 pounds, height: 70 inches)

Question 88

A physical therapist evaluates a patient with a recent stroke involving the cerebellar arteries. When evaluating the patient, the therapist would MOST likely expect to find the presence of:

Dysarthria
Chora
Hemiballismus
Hypertonia

Answer 88

Dysarthria

Question 89

A Physical therapist consults with a teacher regarding a child with autism who has impairments in sensory processing. Which piece of equipment would be the MOST useful to address the child’s dyspraxia?

Swing
Weighted vest
Sit and spin
Rocking chair

Answer 89

Weighted vest

Question 90

A physical therapist prepares to examine a patient’s triceps using a reflex hammer. The MOST appropriate positioning of the patient’s arm during the testing procedure is:

a. Shoulder extension and elbow flexion
b. Shoulder flexion and elbow extension
c. Shoulder extension and elbow extension
d. Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion

Answer 90

a. Shoulder extension and elbow flexion

Question 91

A physical therapist prepares to apply a sterile dressing to a wound after debridement. The therapist begins the process by drying the wound using a towel. The therapist applies medication to the wound using a gauze pad and then applies a series of dressings that are secured using a bandage. Which step would NOT warrant the use of sterile technique?

Bandage
Dressing
Medication
Towel

Answer 91

Bandage

Question 92

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 93

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient that has experienced recurrent angina. A recent entry indicated that an exercise stress test ordered by the physician was positive. The MOST accurate interpretation of this finding is:

a. Presence of balanced oxygen demand and supply
b. Presence of ischemia
c. Presence of normal vital signs
d. Presence of cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 93

Presence of ischemia

Question 94

A physical therapist treats a patient who sustained a right lateral ankle sprain less than six hours ago. The therapist contemplates the use of cold water immersion as a cryotherapeutic agent. What would be the PRIMARY limitation of this type of intervention?

a. Decreased cell metabolism
b. Excessive vasoconstriction of the blood vessels
c. The involved extremity cannot be elevated
d. Decreased nerve conduction velocity

Answer 94

c. The involved extremity cannot be elevated

Question 95

A physical therapist teaches a patient positioned in supine to posteriorly rotate her pelvis. The patient has full active and passive range of motion in the upper extremities but is unable to achieve full shoulder flexion while maintaining a posterior pelvic tilt. Which of the following could BEST explain this finding?

Capsular tightness
Latissimus dorsi tightness
Pectoralis minor tightness
Quadratus lumborum tightness

Answer 95

Latissimus dorsi tightness

Question 96

A physical therapist treats a patient in rehabilitation hospital setting and is concerned the patient may be anorexic. Which of the following signs or symptoms would be LEAST indicative of this condition?

Hypertension
Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypokalemia
Osteopenia

Answer 96

Hypertension

Question 97

A physical therapist instructs a patient diagnosed with C6 tetraplegia in functional activities . Which of the following activities would be LEAST appropriate?

a. Independent raises for skin protection
b. Manual wheelchair propulsion
c. Assisted to independent transfers with a sliding board
d. Independent self-range of motion of the lower extremities

Answer 97

d. Independent self-range of motion of the lower extremities

Question 98

A physical therapist attempts to confirm the fit of a wheelchair for a patient recently admitted to skilled nursing facility. After completing the assessment, the therapist determines the wheelchair has excessive seat width. Which adverse effect results from excessive seat width?

a. Difficulty changing position within the wheelchair
b. Insufficient trunk support
c. Difficulty propelling the wheelchair
d. Increased pressure to the distal posterior thighs

Answer 98

c. Difficulty propelling the wheelchair

Question 99

An eleven-month-old child with cerebral palsy attempts to maintain a quadruped position. Which reflex would interfere with this activity if it was NOT integrated?

Galant reflex
Symmetric tonic neck reflex
Plantar grasp reflex
Positive support reflex

Answer 99

Symmetric tonic neck reflex

Question 100

A physical therapist attempts t o schedule a patient for an additional therapy session after completing the examination. The physician referral indicates the patient is to be seen two times a week . The therapist suggests several possible times to the patient , but the patient insists she can only come in on Wednesday at 4:30. The therapist would like to accommodate the patient, but already has two patients scheduled at that time. The MOST appropriate action is:

a. Scheduled The patient on Wednesday at 4:30
b. Attempt to move one of the patients scheduled on Wednesday at 4:30 to a different time
c. Scheduled the patient with another physical therapist on Wednesday at 4:30
d. Inform the referring physician the patient will only be seen once this week in therapy

Answer 100

c. Scheduled the patient with another physical therapist on Wednesday at 4:30

Question 101

While reading the Methods section of a research report, a physical therapist notes the investigators used a repeated measure design. This form of experimental design:

a. Controls for differences between subjects
b. Keeps the subjects “blind” to the identity of the treatment group
c. Ensures that subject with similar characteristics are assigned to different treatment groups
d. Selects a homogenous group of subjects

Answer 101

a. Controls for differences between subjects

Question 102

A physical therapist reviews the parameters of several pain modulation theories using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). When comparing sensory stimulation to motor stimulation, sensory stimulation requires:

Greater phase duration
Greater frequency
Stronger amplitude
Shorter treatment time

Answer 102

Greater frequency

Question 103

A patient reports shoulder pain during active shoulder range of motion testing. The pain is most pronounced when the shoulder is in 170-180 degrees of abduction. Which condition would be MOST commonly associated with this finding?

Anterior glenohumeral instability
Posterior glenohumeral instability
Acromioclavicular arthritis
Bicipital tendonitis

Answer 103

Acromioclavicular arthritis

Question 104

A 52-year-old male being treated for low back pain indicates that he recently was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which symptom is MOST commonly associated with this condition?

Epigastric pain
Painful urination
Painful ejaculation
Urge to urinate frequently

Answer 104

Urge to urinate frequently

Question 105

A patient was administered a narcotic medication one hour prior to the onset of their physical therapy session. Which form of administration ensures the onset of their physical therapy session. Which form of administration ensures that the medication will be 100% bioavailable?

Intravenous injection
Oral
Inhalation
Sublingual

Answer 105

Intravenous injection

Question 106

A patient who has been on bed rest for three weeks has developed a plantar flexion contracture. Which phase of the gait cycle would be MOST problematic for the patient based on the described impairment?

Heel strike of the foot
Foot flat to midstance
Midstance to heel off
Heel off to toe off

Answer 106

Midstance to heel off

Question 107

A physical therapist administers iontophoresis to a patient with a lower extremity ulceration in an attempt to promote tissue healing. Which ion would BEST meet stated objectives?

Acetate
Magnesium
Lidocaine
Zinc

Answer 107

Zinc

Question 108

A physical therapist performs segmental breathing exercises with a patient following atelectasis. Which manual contact would be the MOST appropriate to emphasize lingula expansion?

a. Place the hands on the left side of the chest below the axilla
b. Place the hands below the clavicle on the wall
c. Place the hands over the posterior aspect of the lower ribs
d. Place the hands on the right side of the chest below the axilla

Answer 108

a. Place the hands on the left side of the chest below the axilla

Question 109

A physical therapist administers a submaximal exercise test to a patient in a cardiac rehabilitation program.The protocol requires the patient to ride a cycle ergometer for a predetermined amount of time using progressive workloads. In order to predict the patient’s maximum oxygen uptake it is necessary to determine the relationship between:

Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion
Heart rate and workload
Blood pressure and rate of perceived exertion
Blood pressure and workload

Answer 109

Heart rate and workload

Question 110

A physical therapist employed in a large medical center reviews the chart of a 63-year-old male referred to physical therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation. The chart indicates the patient has smoked one to two packs of cigarettes a day since the age of 25. The admitting physician documented that the patient’s thorax was enlarged with flaring of the costal margins and widening of the angle . Which pulmonary disease does the chart MOST accurately describe?

Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

Answer 110

Emphysema

Question 111

A physical therapist reviews the results of pulmonary function testing on a 44-year-old female diagnosed with emphysema. Assuming the patient’s testing was classified as unremarkable, which of the following lung volumes would MOST likely approximate 10% of the patient’s total lung capacity?

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Functional residual capacity

Answer 111

Tidal volume

Question 112

A physical therapist measures a patient’s shoulder complex medial rotation with the patient positioned in supine, the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction, and the elbow iin 90 degrees of flexion. The therapist records the patient’s shoulder medial rotation as 0-70 degrees and classifies the end-feel as firm. Which portion of the joint capsule is primarily responsible for the firm end feel?

Anterior capsule
Posterior capsule
Inferior joint capsule
Superior joint capsule

Answer 112

Posterior capsule

Question 113

A physical therapist positions a patient prone to measure passive knee flexion. Range of motion may be limited in this position due to:

a. Active insufficiency of the knee extensors
b. Active insufficiency of the knee flexors
c. Passive insufficiency of the knee extensors
d. Passive insufficiency of the knees flexors

Answer 113

d. Passive insufficiency of the knee extensor

Question 114

A physical therapist incorporated electrical stimulation as part of the plan of care for a patient rehabilitation from a lower extremity injury. Which of the following recommendations would be LEAST effective to minimize electrode resistance?

a. Keep the sponge interface well moistened
b. Use small electrodes
c. Maintain even, firm contact with skin
d. Remove hair from the skin

Answer 114

b. Use small electrodes

Question 115

A pregnant patient indicates that her physician ordered genetic testing. Which condition would be LEAST likely to be identified through the testing process?

Cystic fibrosis
Meningitis
Phenylketonuria
Tay- Sach disease

Answer 115

Meningitis

Question 116

A physical therapist notes that a newborn has extremely limited dorsiflexion. Which positional foot deformity would be MOST likely based on the range of motion limitation?

Calcaneovalgus
Metatarsus adductus
Syndactyly
Talipes equinovarus

Answer 116

Talipes equinovarus

Question 117

A physical therapist observes the gait of a patient following a lateral ankle sprain. The patient walks without crutches, but it is evident that walking is extremely painful. Which description is MOST accurate when describing the unaffected extremity during walking?

a. Shorter swing phase and shorter step length
b. Shorter swing phase and longer step length
c. Longer swing phase and shorter step length
d. Longer swing phase and longer step length

Answer 117

a. Shorter swing phase and shorter step length

Question 118

A physical therapist attempts to examine the relationship between scores on a functional independence measure and another measurement whose validity is known. This type of example BEST describes:

Face validity
Predictive validity
Concurrent validity
Content validity

Answer 118

Concurrent validity

Question 119

A physical therapist develops a chart detailing expected functional outcomes for a variety of spinal cord injuries. Which is the HIGHEST spinal cord injury level at which independent transfers with a sliding board would be feasible?

C4
C6
T1
T3

Answer 119

C6

Question 120

A patient rehabilitating from a spinal cord injury has significant lower extremity spasticity which often results in the patient’s feet becoming dislodged from the wheelchair footrests. The MOST appropriate modification to address this problem is:

Hydraulic reclining unit
Elevating legrests
Heel loops and/or toe loops
Detachable swing-away legrests

Answer 120

Heel loops and/or toe loops

Question 121

A physical therapist utilizes a manual assisted cough technique on a patient with a mild-thoracic spinal cord injury. When completing this technique with the patient in supine, the MOST appropriate location for the therapist’s hand placement is:

Manubrium
Epigastric area
Xiphoid process
Umbilical region

Answer 121

Epigastric area

Question 122

A 28-year-old male referred to physical therapy by his primary physician complains of recurrent ankle pain. As part of the treatment program, the therapist uses ultrasound over the peroneus longus and brevis tendons. The MOST appropriate location for ultrasound application is:

Inferior to the sustentaculum tali
Over the sinus tarsi
Posterior to the lateral malleolus
Anterior to the lateral malleolus

Answer 122

Posterior to the lateral malleolus

Question 123

A physical therapist treats a 32-year-old female rehabilitating from a closed head injury presently functioning at Rancho Los Amigos level IV. The therapist treats the patient in her home for 60 minutes sessions, three times per week. Recently the therapist has noticed that the patient becomes increasingly combative as the session progresses and believes the deterioration in behavior is linked to the patient becoming fatigued. The MOST appropriate treatment modification is:

a. Reduce the treatment sessions to 30 minutes, three times per week
b. Reduce the frequency of the treatment sessions to two times per week
c. Increase the rest periods during existing treatment sessions
d. Increase the treatment session to 90 minutes, two minutes per week

Answer 123

c. Increase the rest periods during existing treatment sessions

Question 124

A physical therapist positions a patient in supine in preparation for goniometric measurements. When measuring medical rotation of the shoulder, the therapist should position the fulcrum:

a. On the lateral midline of the humerus using the lateral epicondyle as a reference
b. Perpendicular to the floor
c. Along the midaxillary line of the thorax
d. Over the olecranon process

Answer 124

d. Over the olecranon process

Question 125

A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Which finding is NOT typically associated with this condition?

Pulmonary edema
Persistent cough
Dependent edema
Muscular weakness

Answer 125

Dependent edema

Question 126

A note in the medical record indicates that a patient is exhibiting extrapyramidal symptooms including tardive dyskinesis. Which condition would be treated with a medication MOST likely to produce the described symptoms?

Endometriosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hypertension
Psychotic disorder

Answer 126

Psychotic disorder

Question 127

A physical therapist working in cardiac rehabilitation progresses a patient involved in a phase II program through an established exercise protocol. The patient weighs 70kg and has progressed without difficulty through the rehabilitation program. The protocol indicates the patient rehabilitation program. The protocol indicates the patient should be performing activities requiring 3-4 metabolic equivalents (METs). An example of an appropriate activity would be:

a. Level walking at 1 mph
b. Jogging at 5 mph
c. Cycling at 10 mph
d. Walking on a treadmill at 3mph

Answer 127

d. Walking on a treadmill at 3mph

Question 128

An entry in the medical record indicates that electromyography revealed denervation of the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus muscles. This finding would MOST likely be associated with:

a. Anterior compartment syndrome
b. Anterior interosseous syndrome
c. Cubital tunnel syndrome
d. Erb’s palsy

Answer 128

a. Anterior interosseous syndrome

Question 129

A physical therapist treats a patient with a CVA that presents with speech and language deficits. The therapist incorporates phonetics into the plan of care. This intervention would be MOST essential for a patient diagnosed with:

Broca’s aphasia
Dysarthria
Verbal Apraxia
Dysphagia

Answer 129

Dysarthria

Question 130

A physical therapist determines that a patient has 0-135 degrees of passive knee flexion and 0-120 degrees of active knee flexion. The MOST appropriate form of testing to help clarify the difference in the range of motion values is:

Passive joint motion testing
Special tests isolating flexibility
Manual muscle tests
Diagnostic Imaging

Answer 130

Manual muscle tests

Question 131

A patient treated in physical therapy has a current medical history that includes Graves’ disease. Which description BEST explains the pathophysiology associated with this medial condition?

a. Inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract
b. Insufficient insulin production from the pancreas
c. Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
d. Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

Answer 131

d. Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 132

A physical therapist treats a patient recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. During the patient interview the patient indicates that they are diabetic. Which type of pharmacological agent would NOT likely be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis given the stated comorbidity?

a. Nonopiod analgesic agents
b. Corticosteroid agents
c. Biologic response modifiers
d. Disease-modifying antirheumatic agents

Answer 132

b. Corticosteroid agents

Question 133

A physical therapist performs postural drainage to the anterior basal segments of the lower lobes. During the treatment session the patient suddenly complains of dizziness and mild dyspnea. The MOST appropriate therapist action is to:

a. Reassure the patient that the response is normal
b. Assess the patient’s vital signs
c. Elevate the patient’s head
d. Calling of assistance

Answer 133

c. Elevate the patient’s head

Question 134

A patient is asked to complete a pain questionnaire. The patient selects words such as cramping, dull, and aching to describe the pain. What related structure is MOST consistent with the pain description?

Nerve root
Muscle
Bone
Vascular

Answer 134

Muscle

Question 135

A physical therapist completes a study which examines the effect of goniometer size on the reliability of passive shoulder joint measurements. The therapist concludes that goniometric measurements of passive shoulder range of motion can be highly reliable when taken by a single therapist, regardless of the size of the goniometer. This study demonstrates the use of:

a. Interrater reliability
b. Intrarater reliability
c. Internal validity
d. External validity

Answer 135

b. Intrarater reliability

Question 136

A physical therapist employed in an acute care hospital examines a patient rehabilitating from surgery. The patient has diabetes, however, has no other significant past medical history. Which of the following situations would MOST warrant immediate medical attention?

a. Signs of confusion an lethargy
b. Systolic blood pressure increase of 20 mm Hg during exercise
c. Lack of significant clinical findings following the examination
d. Discovery of significant past medical history unknown to the physician.

Answer 136

a. Signs of confusion an lethargy

Question 137

A patient with a peripheral nerve injury is examined in physical therapy. The patient’s primary symptoms result from an injury to the superficial peroneal nerve. This MOST likely area of sensory alteration is:

a. Sole of the foot
b. Plantar surface of the toes
c. Lateral aspect of the leg and dorsum of the foot
d. Triangular area between the first and second toes

Answer 137

c. Lateral aspect of the leg and dorsum of the foot

Question 138

A physical therapist receives a referral for a patient diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Which patient profile would be MOST consistent with this medical diagnosis?

A 29 year-old female
A 67 year-old female
A 27 year-old male
A 61 year-old male

Answer 138

A 29 year-old female

Question 139

A physical therapist prepares to perform volumetric measurements as a means quantifying edema. Which patient would appear to be the MOST candidate for this type of Objective measure?

a. A 38 year-old female with a Colle’s fracture
b. A 27 year-old male with bicipital tendonitis
c. A 48 year-old male with a rotator cuff tear
d. A 57 year-old male with pulmonary edema

Answer 139

a. A 38 year-old female with a Colle’s fracture

Question 140

A three-year-old child throw frequent temper tantrums, usually contrived to gain attention. The physical therapist, recognizing the child’s objective, refuses to acknowledge the action. This type of behavior therapy is BEST termed:

Aversive conditioning
Extinction
Operant conditioning
Rational emotive imagery

Answer 140

Extinction

Question 141

A physical therapist reads in the medical record that the foot progression angle of a four-year-old child was recorded as -10 degrees (minus 10 degrees). Which range of motion measurement at the hip would MOST likely associated with the obtained foot progression angle?

a. 75 Degrees of hip medial rotation and 25 degrees of hip lateral rotation
b. 35 Degrees of hip medial rotation and 70 degrees of hip lateral rotation
c. 30 Degrees of hip medial rotation and 20 degrees of hip lateral rotation
d. 45 Degrees of hip medial rotation and 45 degrees of hip lateral rotation

Answer 141

a. 75 Degrees of hip medial rotation and 25 degrees of hip lateral rotation

Question 142

A physical therapist perform a chart review of a new patient and finds the patient is positive for the Helicobacter pylori bacterium. The physical therapist would anticipate that the patient presents with:

Meningitis
Pneumonia
Gastric ulcer
Tetanus

Answer 142

Gastric ulcer

Question 143

A physical therapist treating a patient with rheumatoid arthritis identifies the presence of hallux valgus. The patient complains of pain and tenderness in the area of the great toe. The MOST beneficial action to address this condition is:

a. Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box
b. Improve alignment of the great toe by using a metatarsal bar
c. Increase flexion range of motion of the great toe
d. Use a heel cup to redistribute forces

Answer 143

a. Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box

Question 144

A physical therapist treating a patient with rheumatoid arthritis identifies the presence of hallux valgus. The patient complains of pain and tenderness in the area of the great toe. The MOST beneficial action to address this condition is:

a. Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box
b. Improve alignment of the great toe by using a metatarsal bar
c. Increase flexion range of motion of the great toe
d. Use a heel cup to redistribute forces

Answer 144

a. Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box

Question 145

A patient’s two days status post arthrotomy of the knee completes a quadriceps setting exercise while lying supine on a table. During the exercise the patient begins to experience severe pain. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is:

a. Have the patient perform the exercise in sidelying
b. Have the patient flex the knee prior to initiating the exercise
c. Place a pillow under the ankle
d. Discontinue the exercise

Answer 145

d. Discontinue the exercise

Question 146

A physical therapist enters a private treatment area and observes a patient collapsed on the floor. The patient appears to be moving slightly, however, seems to be in need of medical assistance. The MOST immediate therapist action is:

a. Check for unresponsiveness
b. Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation.
c. Position the patient
d. 4 phone emergency medical services

Answer 146

a. Check for unresponsiveness

Question 147

A physical therapist works with a patient who experiences hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands secondary to a tumor. This condition would MOST likely contribute to the development of:

Cardiac arrhythmias
Osteopenia
Muscle spasms
Obesity

Answer 147

Osteopenia

Question 148

A physical therapist observes that a patient with a history of recurrent lateral ankle sprain exhibits excessive supination during gait. Which condition would be MOST commonly associated with this type of observation?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Peroneal tenosynovitis
Plantar fascitis
Posterior tibial tenosynovitis

Answer 148

Peroneal tenosynovitis

Question 149

A physical therapist works with a patient that sustained a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and a medial meniscus tear. Which scenario would result in the GREATEST likelihood of a successful surgical meniscus repair?

a. A tear involving the inner third of the meniscus with reconstruction of the ACL
b. A tear involving the inner third of the meniscus with conservative management of the ACL
c. A tear involving the outer third of the meniscus with reconstruction of the ACL
d. A tear involving the outer third of the meniscus with conservative management of the ACL

Answer 149

c. A tear involving the outer third of the meniscus with reconstruction of the ACL

Question 150

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 151

A physical therapist attempts to design an exercise program for a patient with a body mass index (BMI) of 34.5 Kg/m2 Which potential complication of exercise is MOST relevant for this patient?

Heat intolerance
Asthma
Gastroesophageal reflux
Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 151

Heat intolerance

Question 152

A physical therapist assigns a manual muscle test grade 4 to patient A and a grade of 2 to patient B after assessing the strength of the tibialis anterior. Which of the following is the BEST interpretation of the patient’s strength?

a. Patient A and B have equal strength
b. Patient A is stronger than patient B
c. Patient A is twice as strong as patient B
d. Patient B is twice as strong as patient A

Answer 152

b. Patient A is stronger than patient B

Question 153

A physical therapist inspects a patient’s wound prior to applying a dressing. When documenting the findings in the medical record, the therapist classifies the exudate from the wound as serous. Based on the documentation, the MOST likely color of the exudate is:

Clear
Pink
Red
Yellow

Answer 153

Clear

Question 154

A patient coverage form indicates selective debridement is to be performed on a patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity burn. Based on the coverage form, the MOST likely intervention would be:

Whirlpool
Wet-to-dry dressing
Enzymatic debridement
Wound irrigation

Answer 154

Enzymatic debridement

Question 155

A physical therapist participates in a community-based screening program designed to identify individuals with osteoporosis. Which group would have the HIGHEST risk for developing osteoporosis?

a. Caucasian females over the age of 60
b. African American females over the age of 60
c. Caucasian females under the age of 40
d. African American females under the age of 40

Answer 155

a. Caucasian females over the age of 60

Question 156

A 74-year-old female indicates that she has experienced increased urinary incontinence over the past year. What physiological change is MOST commonly associated with this condition in older adults?

a. Reduced kidney filtration
b. Increased reservoir capacity of the bladder
c. Spasm of the detrusor muscle
d. Decreased urge sensation

Answer 156

d. Decreased urge sensation

Question 157

A physical therapist performs an upper limb tension test with median nerve bias on a patient in supine with periodic right upper extremity pain and paresthesias. After taking the patient through the recommended sequence, the patient reports minimal symptoms. The MOST appropriate sensitizer to utilize is:

a. Right lateral flexion of the cervical spine
b. Left lateral flexion of the cervical spine
c. Right rotation of the cervical spine
d. Left rotation of the cervical spine

Answer 157

b. Left lateral flexion of the cervical spine

Question 158

A physical therapist uses the Six-Minute Walk Test as a means of quantifying functional status in a patient with heart disease. During testing, the patient expresses to the physical therapist that they need to rest. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is to:

a. Allow the patient to rest, however, stop the elapsed time during the rest period
b. Allow the patient to rest, however, allow the elapsed time to continue
c. Allow the patient to rest, however, discontinue the test
d. Offer encouragement to the patient in order to avoid or delay the rest period

Answer 158

b. Allow the patient to rest, however, allow the elapsed time to continue

Question 159

A patient with chronic dysfunction is placed on a corticosteroid medication to reduce mucosal edema and inflammation. The MOST common cardiovascular side effect of corticosteroids is:

Palpitations
Arrhythmias
Increased blood pressure
Tachycardia

Answer 159

Increased blood pressure

Question 160

A physical therapist serves as an accessibility consultant for a local retail store. What is the MINIMUM width required for a patient using a wheelchair to safely transverse through a doorway?

24 inches
30 inches
32 inches
36 inches

Answer 160

32 inches

Question 161

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a 52-year-old male status post myocardial infarction. The patient is currently in the coronary care unit and is scheduled to begin cardiac rehabilitation tomorrow. Which potential complication of a myocardial infarction is the patient MOST susceptible to?

Heart Failure
Arrhythmias
Thrombus formation
Heart structural damage

Answer 161

Arrhythmias

Question 162

A physical therapist positions a patient prone on a treatment plinth in preparation for a hot pack. When preparing the hotpack for the low back, the therapist should utilize:

2-4 towel layers
4-6 towel layers
6-8 towel layers
8-10 towel layers

Answer 162

6-8 towel layers

Question 163

A patient with right upper extremity lymphedema following a radical mastectomy discusses the cause of lymphedema with her physician. The physician explains that both the venous system and the lymphatic system are responsible for collecting and transporting interstitial fluid. What percentage of interstitial fluid is collected by a normally functioning lymphatic system?

15%
35%
55%
75%

Answer 163

15%

Question 164

A physical therapist examines a patient with suspected vascular compression in the shoulder region. Which special test would be LEAST beneficial to confirm the therapist’s suspicions?

Adison maneuver
Halsted maneuver
Froment’s sign
Wright test

Answer 164

Froment’s sign

Question 165

A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient with continuous ultrasound. Which general rule BEST determines the length of treatment when using ultrasound?

a. Two minutes for an area that is two times the size of the transducer face
b. Five minutes for an area that is two times the size of the transducer face
c. Five minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area
d. Ten minutes is the maximum treatment time regardless of the treatment area

Answer 165

b. Five minutes for an area that is two times the size of the transducer face

Question 166

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient with known cardiovascular pathology. The patient’s past medical history includes gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which activity would potentially be the MOST problematic for the patient?

a. Performing diaphragmatic breathing exercise in a semi Fowler position
b. Initiating progressive ambulation program on a treadmill
c. Administering percussion to the anterior basal segments of the lower lobes
d. Assessing tactile fremitus while palpating the chest wall in sitting

Answer 166

c. Administering percussion to the anterior basal segments of the lower lobes

Question 167

A physical therapist works with a child with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which medical condition is MOST often associated with this condition?

Avascular Necrosis
Congenital hip dysplasia
Osteomyelitis
Septic arthritis

Answer 167

Avascular Necrosis

Question 168

A physical therapist reviews a patient’s medical history prior to administering intermittent compression. Which of the following conditions would be considered a contraindication to the use of this mechanical device?

Venous static ulcer
Acute pulmonary edema
Intermittent claudication
Lymphedema

Answer 168

Acute pulmonary edema

Question 169

A physical therapist attempts to prevent alveolar collapse in a patient following the thoracic surgery. Which breathing technique would be the MOST beneficial to achieve the established goal?

Inspiratory muscle trainer
Mechanical percussors
Incentive spirometer
Flutter Valve

Answer 169

Incentive spirometer

Question 170

A physical therapist attempts to obtain the body temperature of a patient in an acute care hospital. Which method would likely result in the LOWEST obtained temperature value?

Tympanic membrane temperature
Rectal temperature
Oral temperature
Axillary temperature

Answer 170

Axillary temperature

Question 171

A physical therapist conducts a sensory assessment on numerous areas of a patient’s face. The cranial nerve MOST likely assessed using this type of testing procedure is:

Facial nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve

Answer 171

Trigeminal nerve

Question 172

Four months after surgery to repair a torn biceps, tendon, a patient still lacks 40 degrees of elbow extension. Because conservative efforts have failed, the physician orders serial casting to improve the patient’s mobility. After one round of casting, what would be the MOST likely expected increase in range of motion?

5 degrees
15 degrees
25 degrees
35 degrees

Answer 172

5 degrees

Question 173

A physical therapist completes a cognitive function test on a patient status post stroke. As part of the test, the therapist examines the patient’s abstract ability. Which of the following tasks would be the MOST appropriate?

a. Orientation to time, person, and place
b. Copy drawn figures of varying size and shapes
c. Discuss how two objects are similar
d. Identity letters or numbers traced on the skin

Answer 173

c. Discuss how two objects are similar

Question 174

A 6-month-old patient with developmental hip dysplasia is treated in physical therapy. The patient is filtered with a Pavlik harness to promote proper alignment of the hip joints. Which of the following motions would be MOST restricted with this harness?

a. Hip flexion and abduction
b. Hip flexion and adduction
c. Hip extension and abduction
d. Hip extension and adduction

Answer 174

d. Hip extension and adduction

Question 175

A physical therapist documents in the medical record that a patient has moved from stage 5 to stage 6 of Brunnstrom’s Stages of Recovery. This type of transition is characterized by:

a. Absence of associated reactions
b. Disappearance of spasticity
c. Voluntary movement begins outside of synergy patterns
d. Normal motor function

Answer 175

b. Disappearance of spasticity

Question 176

A 32-year-old tennis player is referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with median nerve entrapment. The patient’s chief complaints includes paresthesias in the hand and progressive weakness. Which muscle would MOST likely contribute to the entrapment?

a. Abductor pollicis longus
b. Flexor didgiti minimi
c. Flexor digitorum profundus
d. Pronator teres

Answer 176

d. Pronator teres

Question 177

A physical therapist examines a patient with a cerebrovascular disorder due to arterial occlusion. The patient exhibits an ataxic gait, intention tremors, and dysmetria. The MOST likely vessel affected is the :

a. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
b. Anterior spinal artery
c. Basilar artery
d. Middle cerebral artery

Answer 177

a. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 178

A physical therapist assess a patient with low back pain using Waddell’s signs to determine if the patient’s pain is nonorganic in nature. Which of the following would be considered a positive Waddell’s sign?

a. Low back pain with a straight leg raise test in both supine and sitting positions
b. Sensory loss in a dermatomal pattern
c. Low back pain with passive shoulder and pelvis rotation occurring simultaneously
d. Localized tenderness in the low back with palpation

Answer 178

c. Low back pain with passive shoulder and pelvis rotation occurring simultaneously

Question 179

A patient with increased sympathetic output is examined in physical therapy. Which treatment technique would NOT be beneficial in decreasing the level of sympathetic activity?

a. Connective tissue massage
b. Rotating the lower trunk in hooklying
c. Slow reversal hold of the quadriceps and hamstrings
d. Gentle manual pressure to the abdomen

Answer 179

c. Slow reversal hold of the quadriceps and hamstrings

Question 180

A group of physical therapists designs a research study in which they record the shoulder range of motion before and after treatment in three different age groups: adolescents, teenagers, and young adults. The therapist wants to determine if there is a difference in the treatment effect based on the age of the patient. Which statistical test would be used to compare the differences between the three groups?

T-Test
Z-Test
Chi-square test
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test

Answer 180

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test

Question 181

An older adult is referred to physical therapy secondary to a recent fall. The patient reports difficulty seeing objects directly in front of them. This description is MOST consistent with the presence of

Cataracts
Macular degeneration
Presbyopia
Glaucoma

Answer 181

Macular degeneration

Question 182

A note in a patient’s medical record indicates a specific drug is taken through enteral administration. Which of the following is an example of enteral administration?

Inhalation
Injection
Topical
Oral

Answer 182

Oral

Question 183

A physical therapist designs a home exercise program for a patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity injury. Which step would be the MOST appropriate to maximize patient compliance?

a. Limit the exercise program to 10 minutes
b. Select a maximum of five different exercises
c. Select exercises consistent with the patient’s rehabilitation
d. Avoid physically demanding exercises

Answer 183

c. Select exercises consistent with the patient’s rehabilitation

Question 184

PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽

Question 185

A 5-month-old infant is able to sit in a propped position. Which objective finding would be MOST essential for the child to progress to ring sitting?

a. Increased strength of the trunk flexors
b. Increased strength of the trunk extensors
c. Integration of the symmetrical tonic neck reflex
d. Integration of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 185

b. Increased strength of the trunk extensors

Question 186

A physical therapist works with an eight-year-old child who walks with an equinus gait pattern. Which of the following interventions would be the MOST appropriate to address the muscle shortening associated with this gait pattern?

Side stepping
Backward stepping
Activities in single leg stance
Toe walking

Answer 186

Backward stepping

Question 187

A physical therapist assesses end-feel while completing passive plantar flexion range of motion. The therapist classifies the end-feel as firm. Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the firm end-feel?

a. Tension in the anterior joint capsule
b. Tension in the tibialis anterior
c. Tension in the anterior talofibular ligament
d. Tension in the calcaneofibular ligament

Answer 187

d. Tension in the calcaneofibular ligament

Question 188

A physical therapist prepares to use phonophoresis as a component of a patient’s plan of care, but is concerned about the potential of the ultrasound to exacerbate the patient’s current inflammation. The MOST effective method to address the therapist’s concern is:

a. Utilize ultrasound with a frequency of 1 MHz
b. Limit treatment time to five minutes
c. Incorporate a pulsed 20% duty cycle
d. Select an ultrasound intensity less than 1.5 W/cm 2

Answer 188

c. Incorporate a pulsed 20% duty cycle

Question 189

A patient’s eight days status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft is examined in physical therapy. Which of the following exercises would be the MOST appropriate based on the patient’s postoperative status?

a. Limited range isokinetics at 30 degrees per second
b. Unilateral leg press
c. Mini-squats in standing
d. Active knee extension in short sitting

Answer 189

c. Mini-squats in standing

Question 190

A physical therapist attempts to strengthen the lumbrical on a patient with a low metatarsal arch. Which exercise would be the MOST appropriate?

a. Resisted extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint
b. Resisted flexion of the metatarsophalangeal Joint
c. Resisted abduction of the metatarsophalangeal joint
d. Resisted adduction of the metatarsophalangeal joint

Answer 190

b. Resisted flexion of the metatarsophalangeal Joint

Question 191

Which treatment parameters associated with mechanical lumbar traction would be MOST influenced by the use of a split traction table?

Patient position
Type of stabilizing belt
Traction force
Traction duration

Answer 191

Traction force

Question 192

Which of the following would be an example of an individual’s right to autonomy being violated?

a. An older woman who refuses surgery
b. An older man coerced to have surgery
c. An infant whose parents elect for surgery
d. An athlete who seeks a second opinion

Answer 192

b. An older man coerced to have surgery

Question 193

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient with suspected head injury. During testing using the Glasgow Coma Scale, the patient exhibited spontaneous eye opening, was able to follow selected motor commands, and was considered to be “oriented” based on verbal responses. The MOST likely score assigned to the patient would be:

6
12
15
18

Answer 193

15

Question 194

A physical therapist recognizes that a child has significant difficulty flexing the neck while in a supine position. Failure to integrate which reflex could explain the child’s difficulty?

Symmetric tonic labyrinthine reflex
Moro reflex
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 194

Symmetric tonic labyrinthine reflex

Question 195

A physical therapist examines the residual limb of a patient following ambulation activities with a patellar tendon bearing prosthesis. The therapist identifies excessive redness over the patella. The MOST likely cause is:

a. Settling due to limb shrinkage
b. Socket not properly aligned
c. Excessive withdrawal in sitting
d. Excessive number of residual limb socks

Answer 195

a. Settling due to limb shrinkage

Question 196

A physical therapist administers an upper limb tension test with radial nerve bias to a patient positioned in supine. Which action would be the FIRST to occur?

a. Depression of the shoulder girdle
b. Lateral rotation of the shoulder
c. Extension of the elbow
d. Flexion of the wrist

Answer 196

a. Depression of the shoulder girdle

Question 197

A physical therapist monitors a patient’s vital signs while exercising in phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation program. The patient is status post myocardial infarction and has progressed without difficulty while involved in the program. Which of the following vital sign recordings would exceed the typical limits of a phase 1 program?

a. Heart rate elevated 18 beats per minute above resting level
b. Respiration rate of 18 breaths per minute
c. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 25 mm Hg from resting level
d. Diastolic blood pressure less than 10 mm Hg

Answer 197

c. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 25 mm Hg from resting level

Question 198

A 22- year-old male status post traumatic brain injury receives physical therapy services in a rehabilitation hospital. The patient is presently functioning at Rancho Los Amigos level VI, The patient has progressed well in therapy, however, has been bothered by diplopia. Which treatment strategy would be the MOST appropriate to address diplopia?

a. Provide non-verbal instructions within the patient’s direct line of sight
b. Place a patch over one of the patient’s eyes
c. Ask the patient to turn his head to one side when he experiences diplopia

Answer 198

b. Place a patch over one of the patient’s eyes

Question 199

A physical therapist reads in the medical record that x-rays confirmed the presence of a reverse Hill- Sachs fracture. Which injury would MOST likely be associated with this type of fracture?

Anterior glenohumeral dislocation
Posterior glenohumeral dislocation
Rotator cuff tear
Biceps tendon rupture

Answer 199

Posterior glenohumeral dislocation

Question 200

A physical therapist instructs a patient in a self -stretching activity using the FABER position. This position would be MOST useful to stretch the:

Hip abductors
Hip flexors
Hip external rotators
Hip internal rotators

Answer 200

Hip internal rotators