Rembe - Chapter 4 (MS) Flashcards
Orthopedics
The correct emergency treatment for an injured limb is to:
a. Secure the injured limb to the uninjured one
b. Straighten the injured limb to a normal position
c. Support the injured limb without straightening it
d. Not touch the injured limb
c. Support the injured limb without straightening it
An involucrum is
a. Sheath of new bone
b. Pyogenic lesion of a joint
c. Condition caused by premature closure of an epiphysis
d. Tumor metastasis to bone
a. Sheath of new bone
The clinical picture of progressive muscular atrophy (aran-Duchenne type) includes
a. Initial weakness and atrophy of the lower extremities
b. Gross sensory losses over weakened or atrophied muscles
c. Hyperactive deep reflexes are first evidence of the disorder
d. Usually the first evidence of the disorder is an atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
d. Usually the first evidence of the disorder is an atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand
In case of delayed union of a fracture of the tibia or femur
a. The patient should drink more milk
b. Immobilization will be shortened
c. Full weight-bearing in a walking cast
d. Protect the fracture line against undue strain
d. Protect the fracture line against undue strain
In the repair of fractures
a. A spiral fracture heals more rapidly than a transverse fracture
b. The humerus and forearm bones require about the same duration to heal as the femur and tibia do
c. Beyond puberty, age has more influence on the rate of fracture healing
d. Healing time is indirectly proportional to total volume of damaged bone and the breadth of fracture defect
a. A spiral fracture heals more rapidly than a transverse fracture
Causes for nonunion of a fracture include
Inadequate fixation
Adequate fixation
Oversupply of calcium in diet
Not enough calcium in the diet
Inadequate fixation
In Guillain-Barre syndrome
a. There is an apparent hypertrophy of the muscles of the calf
b. There is polyneuritis, characterized by a slowly progressive, ascending motor weakness
c. The symptoms are easily confused with those of neuropathy
d. Distal muscle groups tend to be involved more commonly than proximal
b. There is polyneuritis, characterized by a slowly progressive, ascending motor weakness
In pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy there is
a. Symmetric, ascending motor weakness, sometimes easily confused with poliomyelitis
b. Apparent hypertrophy of muscles of the legs and forearms
c. Normal muscles about the shoulder girdle
d. Hypertrophy of the extensor muscles of the legs and trunk
b. Apparent hypertrophy of muscles of the legs and forearms
Klumpke’s paralysis
a. Results from injury to cervical roots 5 and 6 during the birth process
b. Results from injury to cervical 8 and first dorsal root at birth
c. Involves the lower arm and leg
d. Movements of the wrist and fingers are not affected
b. Results from injury to cervical 8 and first dorsal root at birth
In Erb-Duchenne or upper arm paralysis the
a. Brachial plexus is involved
b. Cervical plexus is involved (cervical roots 5-6)
c. Radial nerve is involved
d. Median nerve is involved
b. Cervical plexus is involved (cervical roots 5-6)
Spina bifida myelocele
a. Is the least severe form of spina bifida
b. Is the most common form of spina bifida
c. Has a low infant mortality rate
d. Infection may easily take place
d. Infection may easily take place
A patient is diagnosed as having a coxa vara deformity. This means
a. There is an abnormality of the upper end of the tibia
b. There is a decrease in the angle of inclination between the neck of the femur and its shaft
c. There is a lengthening of the extremity on its affected side
d. It can be either a congenital or an acquired deformity
d. It can be either a congenital or an acquired deformity
In spina bifida myelomeningocele
a. The hernia sac contains only cerebrospinal fluid
b. The hernia sac contains cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord or nerve roots or both
c. There is less likely to be a neurological deficit in the lower extremities
d. The central canal of the spinal cord is greatly dilated and contains a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid
b. The hernia sac contains cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord or nerve roots or both
An osteotomy is
Removal of a sequestrum
Fusion of a joint
Debridement of osteomyelitis
Operative sectioning of a bone
Operative sectioning of a bone
Cancellous or spongy bone
a. Is non lamellar
b. Is the structural feature of the diaphysis
c. Is found in the epiphyseal areas of long bones
d. Has the Haversian system as its conspicuous structural feature
c. Is found in the epiphyseal areas of long bones
Hyaline cartilage is nourished through the
Nutrient arteries of the diaphysis
Vessels from the periosteum
Joint fluid
Haversian canals
Joint fluid
The four basic concepts which should be considered for fractures are
a. Reduction, refraction, retention, and rehabilitation
b. Recluse, reduction, retention, and rehabilitation
c. Recognition, reduction, retention and rehabilitation
d. Refracture, reduction, retention and rehabilitation
c. Recognition, reduction, retention and rehabilitation
All of the following are signs and symptoms of a shoulder dislocation, EXCEPT
a. Injured shoulder is held in a flexed position
b. Head of humerus can be palpated
c. Localized pain in the area of injury
d. Definite sensation of crepitus
d. Definite sensation of crepitus
Which of the following is frequently injured as a complication of shoulder dislocation?
Radial nerve
Radial artery
Axillary nerve
Axillary artery
Axillary nerve
A clinical picture in which there is a deformity of (1) foot inversion, (2) forefoot adduction, and (3) plantar flexion would most likely be
a. Talipes equinovarus
b. Talipes calcaneovalgus
c. Talipes valgus
d. Talipes calcaneus
a. Talipes equinovarus
The etiology of congenital dysplasia of the hip is
a. Trauma at birth
b. The virus of German measles during the first trimester
c. Inadequate nutritional status of the mother
d. Unknown
d. Unknown
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to osteogenesis imperfecta?
a. A rare congenital skeletal disease
b. Bones are extremely fragile and multiple fractures are common
c. The etiology is unknown
d. Bone fragility and the tendency for fractures is more severe following injury
d. Bone fragility and the tendency for fractures is more severe following injury
Osteosclerosis is characterized by
a. Fibrous dysplasia of bone
b. Regions of increased bone density noted on roentgenograms
c. Decreased bone density giving a moth-eaten appearance
d. Demineralization of bone tissue
b. Regions of increased bone density noted on roentgenograms
Myositis ossificans is characterized by
a. Pathologic fractures
b. Osteosclerosis of bone tissue
c. A fibrous dysplasia of bone
d. Transformation of soft tissue structures into bony consistency
d. Transformation of soft tissue structures into bony consistency
A patient who has fallen downstairs complains of pain in his left groin and gluteal area; the right hip is flexed, adducted, and internally rotated. The most likely diagnosis is
Fractured acetabulum
Dislocated hip
Fractured femoral head
Dislocated tibia
Dislocated hip
Balanced skeletal traction is frequently used for the treatment of fractures of the
Patella
Tibia
Femur
Humerus
Femur
Which of the following is a positive sign of a fracture?
Crepitus
Abrasions
Shock
Pain
Crepitus
Which of the following is the first stage of bony callus formation following a fracture?
Metaplasia
Provisional callus
Periosteum
Blood clot
Blood clot
The Denis-Browne splint is used for the correction of
Talipes equinovarus
Talipes calcaneovalgus
Talipes valgus
All of the above
All of the above
Osteoclasis refers to
a. A condition in which there is an abnormal number of osteoclasts in bone tissue
b. A decrease in the number of osteoclasts
c. The surgical removal of a sequestrum
d. The nonsurgical fracturing of a bone to correct a deformity
d. The nonsurgical fracturing of a bone to correct a deformity
The term phocomelia refers to
a. A defect in which a finger of either hand is missing
b. A congenital absence of the sacrum
c. Underdevelopment of the femur
d. A complete absence of a middle or intercalary segment of a limb
d. A complete absence of a middle or intercalary segment of a limb
A congenital deformity in which there are supernumerary digits of the hand or foot is called
Syndactyly
Macrodactyly
Microdactyly
Polydactyly
Polydactyly
The most common and serious deformities as far as congenital dislocations are concerned affect the
Spine
Shoulder
Hip
Knee
Hip
Buck’s traction is used in the treatment of femoral fractures for a child aged
5 years - 40 pounds
3 years - 30 pounds
3 years - 40 pounds
6 years - 60 pounds
3 years - 30 pounds
Heberden’s nodes are associated with
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Atrophic arthritis
Gout
Osteoarthritis
Tophi are associated with
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Gout
Tuberculosis of the spine is also known as
Legg-calve-perthes disease
Little’s disease
Still’s disease
Pott’s disease
Pott’s disease
Skeletal traction is more frequently used in treating fractures of the
Tibia
Femoral shunt
Neck of the femur
Knee
Femoral shunt
The Pearson attachment when used in conjunction with a Thomas splint, allows
Immobilization of the hip
Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Ankle flexion
Knee flexion
In differentiating osteoarthritis from rheumatoid arthritis, the latter
a. Is a systemic disease; the patient is sick
b. Is associated with chronic inflammatory signs and cutaneous changes
c. Involves the distal interphalangeal joints producing the fusiform finger
d. More often involves weight-bearing joints
a. Is a systemic disease; the patient is sick