Surveying (Finals Concepts and Terms)

Question 1

It is a series of consecutive lines whose ends have been marked in the field and whose lengths and direction have been determined from observations

Answer 1

traverse

Question 2

It provides checks on the observed angles and distances, which is an extremely important consideration. They are used extensively in control, construction, property, and topographic surveys.

Answer 2

closed traverse

Question 3

It consists of a series of lines that are connected but do not return to the starting point or close upon a point of equal or greater order accuracy.

Answer 3

open traverse

Question 4

It is the part of the theodolite used to adjust the position of the telescope, may it be horizontally or vertically, to allow accurate measurements

Answer 4

leveling screws

Question 5

if the bearing angle of a certain line comes from the north-south meridian, it is the value of the length of the line multiplied by the sine of the bearing angle

Answer 5

departure

Question 6

What are the two conditions needed for a traverse to be considered close?

Answer 6

Sum of North and South Bearing are Eaqual

Question 7

It is the value obtained by dividing the linear error of closure to the sum of all the lengths of a certain traverse

Answer 7

error of closure

Question 8

He is an American navigator credited for he development of the Compass Rule

Answer 8

Prince Henry

Question 9

it is distance (parallel to the east-west direction) from the midpoint of the line to the reference meridian

Answer 9

meridian

Question 10

This method of calculating the area with irregular boundaries is only applicable for odd number of offsets

Answer 10

simpson’s rule or prismoidal rule

Question 11

Areas with irregular boundaries need to be divided into this shape before proceeding with the calculations

Answer 11

triangles

Question 12

It is the relationship between the distance between any two points on the map and its corresponding distance on the ground

Answer 12

map scale

Question 13

this can be expressed as a ratio where 1 unit on the map corresponds to a certain number of the units on the ground

Answer 13

representative factor

Question 14

These are maps having contour intervals of 5 to 2000 meters with scale smaller than 1:10000

Answer 14

small-scale maps

Question 15

This represents the planimetric locations of the traces of level surfaces for different elevations

Answer 15

topographic map

Question 16

This uses a symbol wherein ticks are drawn perpendicular to the contour line to identify the low spots such as excavations.

Answer 16

depression contours

Question 17

Three methods to calculate the area with irregular boundaries

Answer 17

trapezoidal rule
simpson’s 1/3 rule

Question 18

application of contours

Answer 18

elevation estimation- linear interpolation
reservoir capacity estimation - volume
flood -zone maps - overflows
intervisibility between points - profiles

Question 19

A map portrays three kinds of information about geographic features:

Answer 19

1. location and extent of the feature
2. attribute (characteristics) of the feature
3. relationship of the feature to other features

Question 20

vary from 0 to 360

Answer 20

azimuths

Question 21

require only numerical value

Answer 21

azimuths

Question 22

may be geodetic, astronomic, magnetic, grid, assumed, forward or back

Answer 22

azimuths

Question 23

are measured clockwise only

Answer 23

azimuths

Question 24

are measured either from north only, or from south only on a particular survey

Answer 24

azimuths

Question 25

vary from 0 to 90

Answer 25

bearings

Question 26

require two letters and a numerical value

Answer 26

bearings

Question 27

area measured clockwise and counterclockwise

Answer 27

bearings

Question 28

area measured from north and south

Answer 28

bearings

Question 29

It can be measured either clockwise or counterclockwise direction, but commonly prefer clockwise measurement

Answer 29

interior angle traverse

Question 30

It is reduced in reading, plotting, and recording if one method of measurement is constantly adopted

Answer 30

error

Question 31

the measurement of azimuth angles is by far one of the quickest and most satisfactory method where at one setup of the transit or theodolite several angles or directions can be determined

Answer 31

azimuth traverse

Question 32

It is designed to accomplish the same primary purpose of the transit, to measure both vertical and horizontal angle measurements

Answer 32

theodolite

Question 33

It is a line connecting points of equal elevations

Answer 33

contour

Question 34

it is simply a horizontal that passes through points of equal elevation on a map

Answer 34

contour line

Question 35

they are drawn on the paper to give the impression of a third dimension that shows hill, and valleys, as well as steep or gentle slopes

Answer 35

contour line

Question 36

these heavier lines which are normally twice the gauge of the standard contours

Answer 36

index contours

Question 37

they usually drawn every fifth contour and carry the contour number or elevation designation

Answer 37

index contours

Question 38

the four lighter weight contours found between the index contours

Answer 38

intermediate contours

Question 39

these lines are not usually labeled except where the terrain is relatively flat and their elevation are not readily obvious

Answer 39

intermediate contours

Question 40

In certain portions of the map where the intermediate contours are so closely spaced as to nearly unite or merge into a single line, it is standard practice for readability not to portray the lines for short distances.

Answer 40

feathering

Question 41

are employed where high accuracy is desired in locating contour lines.

Answer 41

arithmetical computations

Question 42

This method is well suited for drawing large-scale maps.

Answer 42

analytical method

Question 43

is based on the principle that the ratio of the horizontal length of a line to the difference in elevation between its 0extremities is the same ratio of the horizontal distance between either extremity and any intermediate point on the line to the difference in elevation between the selected extremity and the intermediate point.

Answer 43

analytical method

Question 44

the most common method of expressing slope

Answer 44

percent or grade

Question 45

arctan (DE/HD)

Answer 45

degrees

Question 46

is determined by dividing the difference in elevation by the horizontal distance and expressing the numerator as one unit.

Answer 46

gradient

Question 47

is another method of expressing slope and is commonly used by the military for expressing slope for computing field artillery firing data, sketching, and in reconnaissance surveys.

Answer 47

mils

Question 48

unit of angular measurement based on the centesimal system.

Answer 48

grads