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Terminologies > Physics (Midterms - Concepts) > Flashcards

Physics (Midterms - Concepts) Flashcards

1
Q

describes the relationship between the motion of objects in our everyday world and the forces acting on them

A

dynamics

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2
Q

Language of Dynamics

A

Force and Mass

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3
Q

the measure of interaction between two objects (pull or push). It is a vector quantity - it has a magnitude and direction

A

force

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4
Q

the measure of how difficult it is to change object’s velocity (sluggishness or inertia of the object)

A

mass

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5
Q

may be a contact force or field force

A

forces

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6
Q

it result from physical contact between two objects

A

contact forces

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7
Q

it act between disconnected objects and it is also called as “action at a distance”

A

field forces

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8
Q

Forces

A

gravitational force
archimedes force
friction force
tension force
spring force
normal force

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9
Q

a resultant force acting on object

A

net force

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10
Q

an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

A

newton’s first law

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11
Q

it is defined as the vector sum of all the external forces exerted on the object

A

net force

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12
Q

is a property of objects to resist changes in motion

A

inertia

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13
Q

is a measure of the amount of inertia

A

mass

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14
Q

is a measure of the resistance of an objects to changes in its velocity

A

mass

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15
Q

is an inherent property of an object

A

mass

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16
Q

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass

A

newton’s second law

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17
Q

also measured in lbs, is a force (mass x acceleration)

A

weight

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18
Q

the magnitude of the gravitational force acting on an object of mass m near the earth’s surface is called the

A

weight

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19
Q

it can also be found from the law of universal gravitation

A

g

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20
Q

it has a unit of N

A

weight

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21
Q

force from a solid surface which keeps object from falling through

A

normal force

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22
Q

its direction is always perpendicular to the surface

A

normal force

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23
Q

it direction is pointing downward

A

gravitational force

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24
Q

a taut rope exerts forces on whatever holds its ends

A

tension force

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25
Q

its direction is always along the cord (rope, cable, string,…) and away from the object

A

tension force

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26
Q

if object 1 and object 2 interact, the force exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted by object 2 on object 1

A

newton’s third law

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27
Q

either force can be the action or reaction force

A

newton’s third law

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28
Q

the most important step in solving problems involving Newton’s laws

A

free body diagram

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29
Q

objects that are either at rest or moving with constant velocity are said to be in equilirbium

A

objects in equilibrium

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30
Q

if an object that can be modeled as a particle experiences an acceleration, there must be a non-zero net force acting on it

A

accelerating objects

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31
Q

4 basic quantities in kinematics

A

displacement
velocity
time
acceleration

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32
Q

any motion involves three concepts

A

displacement
velocity
acceleration

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33
Q

it can be defined as the change of position over time

A

motion

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34
Q

is a change of position in time

A

displacement

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35
Q

it is a vector quantity. it has both magnitude and direction and it has units of length in meters

A

displacement

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36
Q

rate of change of position

A

velocity

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37
Q

it is a vector quantity. it has both magnitude and direction. it has a length/time in meter per second1

A

velocity

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38
Q

is the slope of the line segment between end points on a graph

A

average velocity

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39
Q

total distance over time interval

A

average speed

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40
Q

it means “at some given instant”

A

instantaneous

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41
Q

it indicated what is happening at every point of time

A

instantaneous velocity

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42
Q

is the special case of constant velocity

A

uniform velocity

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43
Q

it means “an acceleration is present”

A

changing velocity or non-uniform

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44
Q

rate of change of velocity

A

acceleration

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45
Q

is the slope f the line connecting the initial and final velocities on a velocity-time graph

A

average acceleration

46
Q

object moving along a curved path with constant speed

A

circular motion

47
Q

is one type of 2D motion under constant acceleration

A

projectile motion

48
Q

is the study of the basic components of the universe and their interactions

A

physics

49
Q

are used in many practical applications, including construction

A

principles of physics

50
Q

it is very useful during the process of understanding phenomena

A

models

51
Q

is detailed and can give testable predictions

A

theory

52
Q

a brief description of how nature behaves in a broad set of circumtances

A

law

53
Q

is similar to a law, but applies to a narrower range of phenomena

A

principle

54
Q

is the internationally accepted system of units for measurement in all of the sciences, including physics

A

SI, or metric system of units

55
Q

is defined as a ratio of units that is equal to 1

A

conversion factor

56
Q

are the base units that make it up: they are generally written using square brackets

A

dimensions of a quantity

57
Q

is the checking of dimensions of all quantities in an equation to ensure that those which are added, subtracted, or equated have the same dimensions

A

dimensional analysis

58
Q

3 factors that determine the effectiveness of the force in opening the door:

A

the magnitude of the force
the position of the application of the force
the angle at which the force is applied

59
Q

is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis. it is a vector quantity

A

torque

60
Q

it is also known as “Moments of a Force”

A

torque

61
Q

is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to a line drawn along the direction of the force

A

moment arm, d

62
Q

are diagrams used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation

A

free-body diagrams

63
Q

types of forces

A

applied force
gravity force
normal force
friction force
air resistance force
tension force

64
Q

is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object

A

applied force

65
Q

also known as weight, is the force with which the earth, moon, or other massively large object attracts another objects towards itself

A

gravity force

66
Q

is the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object

A

normal force

67
Q

is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it

A

friction force

68
Q

There are at least two types of friction force

A

sliding friction
static friction

69
Q

is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air

A

air resistance force

70
Q

is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends

A

tension force

71
Q

This is the force system in which lines of action of individual forces lie in the same plane but act at different points of applications.

A

non-concurrent force system

72
Q

Lines of action of individual forces are parallel to each other

A

parallel force system

73
Q

Lines of action of the forces are not parallel to each other

A

non-parallel force system

74
Q

is the tendency of a force to make a rigid body to rotate about an axis. This is a vector quantity having both magnitude and direction.

A

moment

75
Q

rotational tendency

A

moment

76
Q

This is the axis about which rotational tendency is determined. It is perpendicular to the plane comprising moment arm and line of action of the force

A

moment axis

77
Q

This is the position of axis on co- planar system.

A

moment center

78
Q

Perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to moment center.

A

moment arm

79
Q

it is computed as the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action to the point about which moment is computed

A

magnitude of moment

80
Q

is a system of forces whose magnitude of the resultant is zero.

A

couple

81
Q

is composed of two equal forces that are parallel to each other and acting in opposite direction.

A

couple

82
Q

A couple is completely defined by following elements:

A

The magnitude of its moment
The plane in which it acts defined by the direction of the normal to the plane.
The direction of rotation in the plane that is the sense of the couple.

83
Q

is a vector quantity having the direction normal to the plane in which it acts.

A

moment of a couple

84
Q

The plane in which the two forces forming a couple lie

A

plane of the couple

85
Q

the distance between their line of action

A

arm of the couple

86
Q

types of loads on beams

A

Concentrated Loads
Uniformly distributed load
Uniformly varying load

87
Q

This is the load acting for very small length of the beam.

A

Concentrated Loads

88
Q

Also known as point load

A

Concentrated Loads

89
Q

This is the load acting for a considerable length of the beam with same intensity of w kN/m throughout its spread.

A

Uniformly distributed load

90
Q

This load acts for a considerable length of the beam with intensity varying linearly from ‘0’ at one end to w kN/m to the other representing a triangular distribution

A

Uniformly varying load

91
Q

is the physical science concerned with the behavior of bodies that are acted upon by forces

A

Mechanics

92
Q

is the study which deals with the condition of bodies in equilibrium subjected to external forces.

A

Statics

93
Q

is also a branch of mechanics in which the forces and their effects on the bodies in motion are studied

A

Dynamics

94
Q

Dynamics is sub-divided into two parts

A

Kinematics
Kinetics

95
Q

deals with the geometry of motion of bodies without and application of external forces.

A

Kinematics

96
Q

deals with the motion of bodies with the application of external forces.

A

Kinetic

97
Q

It is defined as a definite amount of matter the parts of which are fixed in position relative to one another under the application of load.

A

Rigid Body

98
Q

It is that agent which causes or tends to cause, changes or tends to change the state of rest or of motion of a mass.

A

force

99
Q

A force is fully defined only when the following four characteristics are known:

A

Magnitude
Direction
Point of application
Sense

100
Q

consists of forces that lie in the same plane.

A

coplanar force system

101
Q

are commonly encountered in two-dimensional problems and are often analyzed using methods such as vector addition or graphical techniques like the method of polygons.

A

Coplanar force systems

102
Q

the lines of action of the forces do not intersect at a single point

A

non-concurrent force system

103
Q

all the forces have their lines of action intersecting at a single point.

A

concurrent force system

104
Q

If two forces acting at a point are represented in magnitude and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the resultant of these two forces is represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing through the same point.

A

Parallelogram law of forces

105
Q

If two forces acting at a point can be represented both in magnitude and direction, by the two sides of a triangle taken in tip to tail order, the third side of the triangle represents both in magnitude and direction the resultant force F, the sense of the same is defined by its tail at the tail of the first force and its tip at the tip of the second force’.

A

Triangle law of forces

106
Q

is the effect of a force in a certain direction. A force can be split into infinite number of components along infinite directions.

A

Component of a force

107
Q

is any quantity in physics that has MAGNITUDE ONLY

A

scalar quantity

108
Q

is any quantity in physics that has BOTH MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION

A

vector quantity

109
Q

are represented by drawing arrows

A

vectors

110
Q

Aligning vectors head to tail and then drawing the resultant from the tail of the first to the head of the last

A

graphical method

Terminologies (9 decks)

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