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Terminologies > Finals for BSD > Flashcards

Finals for BSD Flashcards

Topic/s: Building Envelope

1
Q

demand for buildings that need to consider

A

energy cost
climate change

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2
Q

buildings account for __ of the national energy consumption

A

36%

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3
Q

__ - __ of a buildings energy consumption is due to _______

A

53% - 70%, cooling

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4
Q

why go green?

A

significant co-benefits including cost-savings will be created
failure to build green will lock countries into high carbon economy and poor performing buildings
contribute to achieve Philippine target

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5
Q

provides a window of opportunity to prevent being locked in a high carbon economy

A

green building

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6
Q

The state has adopted the ________ which espouses _______ to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations

A

Philippine Agenda 21 framework, sustainable development

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7
Q

An act mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes

A

Section 2 RA 9729

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8
Q

practice of increasing efficiency with which buildings use resources such as energy, water and materials while also reducing the buildings’ impact on human health and the environment

A

green buildings

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9
Q

referral code of the NBC; mandatory
signed in june 2015
effective january 2016

A

philippine green building code

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10
Q

philippine green building code was signed and effective on what year

A

june 2015
january 2016

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11
Q

green building code development

A

building trends & baselines
market analysis
sensitivity analysis
green buildings recommendations

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12
Q

physical barrier between the exterior and interior environments enclosing a structure

A

building envelope

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13
Q

comprised of a series of components and systems that protect the interior space from the effects of the environment like precipitation, wind, temperature, humidity and ultraviolet radiation

A

building envelope

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14
Q

the building envelope is comprised of a series of components and systems that protect the interior space from the effects of the environment like _______,______, ______, _____ and ________

A

precipitation, wind, temperature, humidity and ultraviolet radiation

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15
Q

examples of building envelope

A

windows and doors
foundations
roof
walls

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16
Q

comprised of the occupants, furnishings, buildings materials, lighting, machinery, equipment, and the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system

A

internal environment

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17
Q

HVAC

A

heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

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18
Q

one of the best ways to get better energy efficiency

A

improving the building envelope of houses

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19
Q

to control the exhange of water, air, condensation and heat between the interior and exterior of the building

A

control

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20
Q

to ensure strength and rigidity; providing structural support against internal and external loads and forces

A

support

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21
Q

3 categories of building envelope

A

support
control
finish

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22
Q

this is for aesthetic purposes. to make the building look attractive while still performing support and control functions

A

finish

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23
Q

allows more of a natural air transfer to occur, which improves indoor air quality which can remove the need for mechanical ventilation

A

loose building envelope

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24
Q

building envelopes are often characterized as either “____” or “_____”

A

tight, loose

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25
Q

allows for a high level of control over indoor air quality, temperature, humidity levels, and energy consumption

A

tight building envelope

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26
Q

these types of building envelope make the building more drafty and uncomfortable, it also makes the building harder to regulate temperature levels. this creates higher chance of mold or mildew, and higher quantities of heated or cooled air are able to escape through leaks in the loose building envelope. this will increase energy bills along with negatively impacting the environment by releasing more greenhouse gases

A

loose building envelope

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27
Q

this requires more insulation, caulk, adhesive tape, sealants, and energy-efficient windows to acquire a tight shell for the building. this leads to fewer drafts and a more comfortable building for its occupants, which often results in less waste in heating and cooling costs.

A

tight building envelope

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28
Q

the downside of this, it requires more extensive mechanical ventilation systems because it limits how much natural ventilation can occur

A

tight building envelope

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29
Q

reducing air infiltration and exfiltration

A

air tightness and moisture protection

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30
Q

it also have a lower chance of producing mold or mildew from moisture infiltration, this can help prolong the life of the building components.

A

tight building envelope

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31
Q

energy efficiency of building envelope

A

air tightness and moisture protection
window-to-wall ratio (WWR)
natural ventilation
building envelope color
roof insulation

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32
Q

preventing outside air moisture infiltration

A

air tightness and moisture protection

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33
Q

solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and WWR

A

window-to-wall ratio (WWR)

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34
Q

windows without sunbreakers or overhags

A

window-to-wall ratio (WWR)

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35
Q

unwanted air infiltration and humidity ingress into the spaces can cause additional load on the air conditioning system and a detrimental impact on air quality

A

air tightness and moisture protection

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36
Q

windows with sunbreakers

A

window-to-wall ratio (WWR)

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37
Q

use of operable windows

A

natural ventilation

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38
Q

high solar reflectance of building envelope surface

A

building envelope color

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39
Q

reduction of heat transfer through the …

A

roof insulation

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40
Q

building must be planned, designed, specified and constructed with enough detail and quality to ensure air tightness is maximized

A

air tightness and moisture protection

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41
Q

building’s physical efficiency might be evaluated by assessing parameters such as:

A

heat loss
energy use
water use
water tightness
structural performance
fire performance

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42
Q

it can also measure whether the resources necessary to design and construct a building have been used effectively.

A

building’s performance or efficiency

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43
Q

vapor barrier prevents the entry of moisture through the walls.

A

air tightness and moisture protection

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44
Q

(are the materials environmentally friendly? How much energy is used to heat/cool the building? How well does the building fabric retain heat (linked to insulation levels and glazing performance)? Is the building water efficient (does it include gray-water recycling)?

A

sustainability

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45
Q

is a measure of how well it functions in relation to designated criteria such as physical, social or environmental considerations

A

building’s performance or efficiency

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46
Q

can air temperatures, humidity and ventilation achieve a healthy environment?

A

comfort

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47
Q

is there a negative or positive impact on habitats?

A

ecology

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48
Q

evaluating building performance

A

sustainability
comfort
ecology
acoustics
running costs
water tightness
layout
occupant satisfaction
accessibility
society

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49
Q

how much does it cost to run the building?

A

running costs

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50
Q

does noise generated by activities in the building adversely affect neighboring
buildings or spaces and vice versa?

A

acoustics

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51
Q

are roofs and openings capable of keeping out rain and other sources of
moisture?

A

water tightness

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52
Q

does the building optimize privacy, sunlight, views, occupant circulation and so on?

A

layout

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53
Q

are the occupants satisfied with the overall resolution of the design?

A

occupant satisfaction

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54
Q

is the building easy to use by people with disabilities? Is it safe and secure?

A

accessibility

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55
Q

does the building integrate with and contribute to the local community?

A

society

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56
Q

the way some buildings perform when completed may not live up to the designers’ intentions. the difference between anticipated and actual performance may be significant and to the detriment of the occupiers, owners and environment.

A

performance gap

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57
Q

if significant may result in aspects of the construction having to be redone and can lead to legal proceedings.

A

performance gap

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58
Q

one of the principal aspects considered in the architecture.

A

aesthetics of a buildings

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59
Q

the appeal of a building covers the combine effects of a building’s

A

shape
size
texture
color
balance
unity
movement
emphasis
contrast
symmetry
proportion
space
alignment
pattern
decoration
culture
context

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60
Q

a building should be designed in order to satisfy requirements regarding:

A

safety
serviceability
durability
aesthetics

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61
Q

diverse processes that affect the aesthetical performance of building elements through their service lives:

A

weathering
decay
waterlogging

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62
Q

predominantly related to the superficial level deterioration and its intensity depends on micro-climatic conditions

A

weathering

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63
Q

biotic degradation process affecting both a material’s functionality and aesthetics.

A

decay

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64
Q

slow deterioration process in anaerobic conditions due to the activity of bacteria

A

waterlogging

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65
Q

resistance to degradation of products, materials, buildings and other built assessts over time

A

durability

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66
Q

a building will be subjected not only daily wear and tear from users but also to the ______ - in particular ___, ___, ____ and ___ - forces collectively referred to as ____

A

constant influence of climate
rain, frost, sun, heat
weathering

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67
Q

weathering forces can also result in a ____ - usually a ________

A

change of appearance
change for the worse

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68
Q

(building envelope systems fail)

those failures can include:

A

aesthetic loss
corrosion
poor indoor air quality
energy inefficiencies
life-threatening structural failure
litigation

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69
Q

Why do building envelope systems fail?

A

design deficiencies
material failure
poor workmanship
acts of nature

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70
Q

Architects occasionally specify materials or
design systems that are inappropriate for their intended use. Common mistakes include specifying materials that are incompatible with
materials with which they come into contact or have inadequate performance criteria for thermal movement, structural capacity, or water penetration resistance.

A

design deficiencies

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71
Q

Issues also arise when subcontractors try to reduce the weight, size, or amount of building envelope components (aluminum, glass,
sealants, flashing, etc.) required on a project. This can lead to inadequate performance or capacity of the materials specified.

A

design deficiencies

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72
Q

Common examples of material failure

A

degrading sealant adhesion
laminated glass delamination
metal fatigue.

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73
Q

It’s also common for properly specified materials to fail to meet the published performance levels. This could be a result
of errors in the manufacturing, handling, or storing of the product or components within the product.

A

material failure

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74
Q

during construction booms, the problem of this is exasperated as a result of having many inexperienced, unsupervised, and untrained personnel working on projects. it is common to find building envelope components not installed per the manufacturing specifications

A

poor workmanship

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75
Q
A

putting the right people in the right job goes a long way toward proper installation and overall profitability

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76
Q

even with flawless installations, bad things can happen to good work when environmental conditions exceed those that were anticipated during design

A

acts of nature

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77
Q

the effects of this can overload a properly designed and constructed building envelope, causing damage to the system and making it vulnerable to further deterioration or failure

A

hurricane-force wind loads
driving rain
extreme temperature fluctuations

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78
Q

While failures of this type cannot be stopped, many can be prevented through ___ to identify small problems before they become big ones.

A

routine inspection and maintenance

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79
Q

refers to all the physical substances that are assembled to create the interior and exterior of a building

A

materials

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80
Q

contains materials that keep the rain and wind out, thermally insulate the inhabitants from exterior temperatures, structurally support the building and the associated enclosure system, and provide desired interior and exterior finishes.

A

exterior wall assembly

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81
Q

These decisions should be based on a number
of carefully considered issues

A

symbolism, appropriateness, physical properties, and technique.

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82
Q

Particular materials carry specific connotations within cultures and regions.

A

symbolism

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83
Q

Terms such as natural or artificial, eternal or ephemeral, austere or opulent, describe a few such associations

A

symbolism

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84
Q

There are three primary areas that must be evaluated in selecting appropriate materials and assemblies

A

Material compatibility with climatic, cultural, and aesthetic conditions

Applicability of material to occupancy and size of building including durability, structural, and fire protection requirements

environmental impact of obtaining raw materials, processing and fabricating buildings materials, transportation impact, and recycling issues

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85
Q

one of the most important factors to consider in material and assembly selection.

A

climate

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86
Q

it also must be compatible with specific regional and local cultural and aesthetic conditions.

A

materials

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87
Q

often legally limited by the building type or size, in order to protect public health, safety, and welfare.

A

material choices

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88
Q

it must be taken into account in the material selection process.

A

number of physical properties

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89
Q

quantifies resistance to compression, tension, and other types of loading on a given material

A

material strength

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90
Q

Physical properties

A

strength
mass and thickness
physical and visual density
texture
color
temperature
pattern

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91
Q

after an _______ is made, the _________ of each material must be based on requirements for durability, strength, and aesthetic considerations.

A

initial material selection
dimensional thickness

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92
Q

often a particular tactile density is desired, ranging from heaviness to lightness in degrees of ________

A

opacity, translucency, or transparency

93
Q

types of concrete finishes

A

troweled finish
broom finish
stamped concretefinish
salt finish
exposed aggregate finish
swirl finish
polished finish
colored finish

94
Q

other finishes of the concrete

A

color chips finish
dyed finished
engraved finish
etched finish
flashed finish
marbleized finish
micro topping or over lay finish
sand blasted finish

95
Q

the most common and popular finish of concrete used for major types of applications.

A

trowel finish

96
Q

After the concrete is laid in the
formwork and leveled, the ____ is used to smooth and fine-level the surface of concrete.

A

trowel

97
Q

are available in both manual and mechanical types.

A

trowel

98
Q

A __________ consists of a flat steel blade with an attached handle that is pushed and pulled across the concrete surface.

A

manual trowel

99
Q

A ______ is used for large commercial projects which resemble large fans with the blades sitting directly against the concrete.

A

mechanized trowel

100
Q

is rough textured finished obtained by dragging a broom on the trowelled surface of the concrete while the concrete is still fresh.

A

broom finish of the concrete

101
Q

The _________ is obtained by pressing the required patterns on the freshly levelled concrete.

A

stamped concrete finish

102
Q

This type of concrete finish after completion of their construction looks similar to stones such as slates or flagstones, brick, tile or with proper skill they can look similar to wood.

A

stamped concrete finish

103
Q

The _________ is obtained by inserting coarse rock salt crystals using rollers on the freshly placed concrete surface and washing it off with streams of water after the concrete is set.

A

salt finish concrete surface

104
Q

This finish gives a decorative, rough subtle texture and skid resistance to plain or colored concrete.

A

salt finish

105
Q

The construction of _______ is to have leveled concrete floor surface, distribute aggregate evenly, and keep air voids to as minimum as possible.

A

exposed aggregate finish

106
Q

is used to polish the top surface of the partially cured concrete.

A

Power Floater or Diamond Polisher

107
Q

is applied to provide the favored polished finish

A

fine grade protection layer

108
Q

is one of the most exceptional types of concrete finish that is generated by smearing the concrete surface in a uniformly overlapping circular pattern.

A

swirl finish

109
Q

It provides an aesthetically pleasing appearance to the concrete surface which is favored for outdoor applications because not only does it add beauty to the surface, but it also provides a safer walk and stand in comparison with

A

swirl finish

110
Q

The _______ on a concrete surface is achieved by a mechanical process of grinding and polishing with the help of a penetrant chemical to provide different texture with the help of specialized tools and equipment.

A

polished finish

111
Q

The _______ of the concrete is accomplished through mix-added pigments or post-cure staining to provide a pleasing look to match the surrounding environment.

A

colored finish

112
Q

The ______ on a concrete surface can be carried out by either pigment or strains. The pigmented colored concrete can be accomplished by adding the pigments directly to the concrete mix prior to pouring.

A

colored finish

113
Q

can be obtained by applying stains to concrete of any age to obtain a more vibrant colored finish.

A

strained colored concrete

114
Q

type of finish prefered for different construction applications

roof slab - ________
swimming pool - ______
commercial and industrial flooring - _____
porticos, driveways, and sidewalks - _______
museums, auditoriums, and galleries - ______
parks and play areas - ______

A

trowel finish
sal finish
trowel finish
stamped finish
polished finish
colored finish

115
Q

may be light absorptive or light reflective, warm or cool, while the palette may be monochrome or polychromatic.

A

color

116
Q

Selection of a building _____must consider the surrounding context, as well exterior and interior light qualities under which the colors will be viewed.

A

color palette

117
Q

Material patterning must be designed at two scales: the _______ themselves, such as ____, and the ____ into larger assemblies.

A

individual elements
bricks or glass panes
composition of these elements

118
Q

under technique

A

fabrication
detail
craft
weathering

119
Q

refers to how a material was created, processed, and assembled.

A

fabrication

120
Q

determine how individual material elements or systems are joined

A

construction details

121
Q

Common methods of joinery

A

various types of mechanical fastening (nails, bolts, rivets…), Welding, adhering, and so on.

122
Q

is evident in a well-resolved and finely executed building, such as the elegant assemblage of wood and concrete systems

A

Attention to detail

123
Q

is crucial to the success and longevity of a project

A

the quality of design and construction workmanship

124
Q

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands permanently in one place. The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its occupants.

A

building

125
Q

it is what that make the building comes to life

A

‘building services’

126
Q

it should be designed in such a way to provide an environment where people can feel comfortable, work, live, and achieve.

A

building

127
Q

contribute largely to the sustainability and functioning of the building.

A

Building services

128
Q

Building services systems are essential provisions for a building, accounting for _______ of the total construction cost.

A

20% to 40%

129
Q

are essential provisions for a building, accounting for 20% to 40% of the total construction cost.

A

Building services systems

130
Q

one of the important parts for a building
because it will make a building to function well.

A

building service

131
Q

is responsible for the design, installation, and operation and monitoring of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.

A

building service

132
Q

building services include:

A

-HVAC
-water supply
-drainage and plumbing
-lighting-day and artificial
-communications, telephones, and IT networks
-energy supply-gas, electricity, and renewable resources
-automation
-kitchen
-acoustics
-fire detection and protection
-security and alarm systems
-escalators and lifts
-ventilation and refrigeration
-harnessing solar, wind, and biomass energy
-facade engineering

133
Q

objectives of building services engineering design

A
  • Hygiene (prevent disease & ensure health)
  • Safety (protect against risks)
  • Comfort (physio- & psycho- well-beings)
  • Convenience (efficiency & productivity)
134
Q

design building services systems. They also supervise their installation and operation. Certain types of buildings need complex building services.

A

Building services engineers

135
Q

are mainly office-based as they specialize in design work. They work closely with the architect, the customer and other members of the design team to prepare a design for a building project. This includes all drawings and detailed specifications for use by the contractor. They often use computer-aided design (CAD) packages for this work.

A

building services engineers

136
Q

maintain close links with other professionals such as the construction manager and the surveyor to decide how many staff are needed and to work out costs. They supervise the installation of the building services and inspect the quality of the work, dealing with any problems that arise.

A

building services engineers

137
Q

BSE career opportunities also arise in the fields of ________________ particularly in the area of modern industrial facilities involving clean room manufacturing, such as in pharmaceutical and electronics production.

A

Construction Project Management and Facilities Management

138
Q

Typical works of building services consulting firms include:

A
  • Feasibility, inspection, technical reports, estimating
  • Design, specification, drawings, tender procurement
  • Contract management, site supervision, cost control
139
Q

Activities vary according to the specialist area of work and employer (for
example, client/end-user, building contractor or engineering consultancy).
However, tasks typically involve:

A
  • negotiating and developing project contracts and agreeing these with clients, if working in consultancy, and putting out tenders;
  • commissioning, organizing and assessing the work of contractors;
  • working with detailed diagrams, plans and drawings;
  • using specialist computer-aided design (CAD) software and other resources to design the systems required for the project;
  • managing and forecasting spend, using whole life cycle costing techniques, ensuring that work is kept to budget;
  • designing site-specific equipment as required;
  • overseeing and supervising the installation of building systems and specifying maintenance and operating procedures;
  • monitoring building systems and processes;
  • making decisions about expired systems equipment and the appropriate location of new equipment;
  • facilities management;
  • liaising closely with other professionals, including structural engineers, builders, architects and surveyors, and in-house project teams;
  • attending a range of project group and technical meetings;
  • ensuring that the design and maintenance of building systems meets legislative and health and safety requirements;
  • advising clients and architects on energy use and conservation in a range of buildings and sites, aiming to minimize the environmental impact and reduce the carbon footprint;
  • working on a variety of projects within a short period of time.
140
Q

classification of building services

A
  • mechanical
  • electrical
  • building operation systems
141
Q

Mechanical systems include:

A
  • HVAC Systems: heating, ventilation and air conditioning.
  • Site drainage: water, drainage, sanitary disposal.
  • Plumbing: water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities.
  • Fire protection: water supply, stand pipe, fire and smoke detection, annunciation.
  • Gas supply
142
Q

The GB Code seeks to improve the efficiency of building performance through a framework of acceptable set of standards that will enhance sound environmental and resource management that will counter the harmful gases responsible for the adverse effects of climate change, throughout the building’s life-cycle including efficient use of resources, site selection, planning, design, construction, use, occupancy, operation and maintenance, without significant increase in cost. This GB Code is a set of regulations setting minimum standards for compliance and not intended to rate buildings.

A
143
Q

Electrical systems include:

A
  • electrical power: normal, standby, emergency power supply and distribution
  • lighting: interior, exterior, emergency light
  • auxiliary: telephone, data, phone and video sound
143
Q

Building Operation systems include:

A
  • transportation: elevators, escalators, moving walkways
  • processing: product, food, services
  • automation: environmental control and management
144
Q

it is set up in urban and suburban areas, as well as most of the urban areas

A

water supply system

145
Q

3 types of water distribution systems

A
  • gravity system
  • direct pumped system
  • gravity and pumped combination
146
Q

type of pipe / water system usage / piping description

A

copper pipe type / distribution pipe, rising main, service pipe / rigid blue in color, will not corrode and long lasting

PVC / overflow pipe / rigid, lightweight, lifespan of 30 years

Galvanized steel / rising main, supply main / rigid will corrode over time, long lasting due to galvanized process

147
Q

is the most dominant kind of energy in a modern building

A

electricity

148
Q

is the major user of electrical energy in most buildings

A

lighting

149
Q

in commercial buildings, ____ are the second heaviest use of electrical energy, for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, plumbing pumps, elevators and most industrial processes

A

motors

150
Q

is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply.

A

emergency power system

151
Q

are installed to protect life and property from the effect of loss of primary electric power supply

A

emergency power systems

152
Q

elements that make up a switch board

A
  • frame
  • buses
  • overcurrent protective devices
  • service metering
  • outer covers
153
Q

is a control board or enclosure that houses the fuses, circuit breakers, and ground leakage protection units used to distribute electrical power to numerous individual circuits or consumer points

A

distribution board

154
Q

typically has a single incoming power source and includes a main circuit and residual current or earth leakage protection device

A

board

155
Q

is a system of piping to run excess water whereas sewage system is to dispose the waste water and solids in a proper way

A

drainage system

156
Q

also called sewage, it can be defined as any liquid waste that contains animal, vegetable or chemical waste in solution

A

wastewater

157
Q

is considered as the collection, treatment and disposal of liquid waste

A

sewerage

158
Q

is the liquid waste carried by a sewer and may include domestic and industrial discharges as well as storm sewage, infilration and inflow

A

sewage

159
Q

sewage which forms in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, commercial or industrial facilities and institutions

A

sanitary sewage

160
Q

is flow derived from rainfall events and carried into sewers intended for its transporting

A

storm sewage

161
Q

is designed to collect rainwater runoff, domestic sewage and industrial wastewater in the same pipe then transport to a sewage treatment plant to be treated and discharged to a water body

A

combined sewer

162
Q

is designed to collect storm water and wastewater with separate pipe

A

separated sewer

163
Q

it is used to direct rainwater from the roof to the ground to prevent rainwater from pooling at the roof

A

roof drain

164
Q

this help to prevent extra water load adding to the building

A

roof drain

165
Q

it provides access to a sewer for testing, visual inspection of sewers, maintenance of flow or water quality-monitoring instruments and removing obstruction in the sewer line

A

manhole

166
Q

also allow people who were previously unable to climb stairs, for example the disabled and the elderly to move throughout a building

A

mechanical transportation systems

167
Q

consists of elevators and escalators

A

vertical transportation

168
Q

consists of travelators

A

horizontal transportation

169
Q

are the most commonly used mode of vertical transportation in modern buildings, namely commercial, office, and residential structures having more than three stories

A

elevators

170
Q

are used to used to move persons from levels to levels within a structure

A

elevators

171
Q

are also used to move goods and in some cases motor vehicles.

A

elevators

172
Q

two types of elevator system

A
  • traction elevator
  • hydraulic elevator
173
Q

includes geared traction, gearless traction and machine-room less

A

traction elevator

174
Q

it includes conventional hydraulic elevator, holeless hydraulic elevator and roped hydraulic elevator

A

hydraulic elevator

175
Q

are lifted by ropes, which pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor above the elevator shaft.

A

traction elevators

176
Q

they are used for mid and high-rise applications and have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic elevators

A

traction elevators

177
Q

are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston

A

hydraulic elevators

178
Q

two main elements of elevator

A

elevator car
elevator shaft

179
Q

primary components of an elevator car

A
  1. car sling
  2. the elevator cabin
  3. car operating panel
  4. car door
  5. car operator
  6. guide shoes
  7. entrance-protection system
180
Q

is the framework which encloses the gap

A

car sling

181
Q

is the interior of the car where passengers stand while being transported

A

elevator cabinet

182
Q

is a device mounted inside a car, on which the items necessary for car operation such as car buttons, door open/close buttons, alarm button, and intercommunication system are located

A

car operating panel

183
Q

is a motor-driven device mounted on the elevator car that opens and closes the car doors

A

door operator

184
Q

are guide shoes which use rollers that rotate on guide rails rather than sliding on the rails

A

roller guides

185
Q

a set of three wheels that roll against the guide rails

A

guide rails

186
Q

is the space enclosed by fireproof walls and elevator doors which houses the elevator as well as the pit

A

elevator shaft

187
Q

main components of an elevator shaft

A
  1. guide rails for both the car and counterweight
  2. counterweight
  3. suspension cables
  4. landing doors
  5. buffers in the pit
188
Q

are used to guide and direct the course of travel of an elevator car and elevator counterweights and is usually mounted on the sides of the shaft

A

guide rails

189
Q

the rails to guide the elevator car

A

main rails

190
Q

rails to guide the counterweight

A

counterweight rails

191
Q

consists of individual flat plates of steel

A

counterweights

192
Q

are used to suspend and bear the weight of the elevator car and counterweight. they are generally made from thick steel wire ropes. They are used on traction elevators, and are usually attached to the crosshead and extending up into the motor while looping over the sheave on the motor and then down to the counter weights

A

elevator cables

193
Q

is installed to connect every floor of the building to the lift shaft

A

landing doors

194
Q

is a moving staircase generated by an electric motor

A

escalator

195
Q

arrangement of escalator

A
  • parallel arrangement
  • crisscross arrrangement
196
Q

is the structural frame of an escalator consisting of the lower section, incline section, and upper section. It is made of a hollow metal structures that birdges the lower and upper landings composed of two side sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just below the top.

A

escalator truss

197
Q

are solid aluminum or steel linked by a continuous metal chain that forms a closed loop

A

escalator steps

198
Q

are responsible for providing fresh outdoor to regulate the indoor contaminants such as smells from occupants, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) emitted from the interior furnishings, cleaning chemicals.

A

air-conditioning systems

199
Q

four types of air conditioning systems

A
  1. the window air conditioning system
  2. split air conditioning system
  3. centralized air conditioning system
  4. packaged air conditioning system
200
Q

three basic sources of ignition

A
  1. chemical
  2. electrical
  3. mechanical
201
Q

in chemical combustion, most commonly known as _______, some chemicals reach ignition at ordinary temperatures within buildings

A

spontaneous combustion

202
Q

is the most commonly supplied by resistance heating, a familiar process in many appliances and in space-heating equipment

A

electrical heat energy

203
Q

is produced by friction, by overheating of machinery, and occasionally by heat of compression

A

mechanical heat energy

204
Q

two common used smoke detectors

A
  1. optical smoke detector
  2. ionization smoke detector
205
Q

it can detects the presence of smoke in an area when it presence of smoke in an area when it reached the ceiling where the detector is normally located

A

smoke detectors

206
Q

is an automatic actuating device which is a first device to detect fire and notify the occupants in the building

A

smoke detectors

207
Q

alarm initiation devices

A
  1. smoke detectors
  2. gas detectors
  3. break-glass
208
Q

measures and indicates the concentration of certain gases in an air via different technologies. generally used to prevent toxic exposure and fire

A

gas detectors

209
Q

is manufactured as portable or stationary unit of work by signifying high levels of gases through a series of audible or visible indicators, such as alarms, lights or a combination of signals

A

gas detectors

210
Q

is a manual actuating device to activate fire alarm

A

break-glass

211
Q

notification appliances

A

alarm bell
speaker
siren

212
Q

may be used for fire alarm signals where their sound is distinctive and will not confused with similar audible signals used for other purpose

A

alarm bell

213
Q

frequently used as fire alarm signalling appliances

A

speaker

214
Q

usually are limited to outdoor applications but are sometimes used in extremely noisy indoor areas

A

siren

215
Q

are motor-driven or electronic appliances and may be either alternating or direct current operated. they are not very practical for use as coded audible signals

A

siren

216
Q

lighting and signage

A

emergency exit sign
emergency exit light
fire indicator light

217
Q

is part of a complete life safety and fire protection system and is required in all public buildings

A

emergency exit sign

218
Q

is lighting for an emergency situation when the main power supply is cut and any normal illumination fails.

A

emergency light sign

219
Q

are used to trigger the fire alarm. They
are connected in parallel with each other
but in series with the indicator lights.

A

fire indicator light

220
Q

is the backbone of the firefighting systems in a building or premises.

A

fire hydrant system

221
Q

are made up from a series of components including stop valve, alarm valve, fire sprinkler, alarm test valve and motorized alarm bell.

A

sprinkler system

222
Q

is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire water tank, hose reels, pipe work and valves.

A

hose reel system

223
Q

is a typical installation in a high-rise building. It is used to supply water from the wet riser water tank, through wet riser pipes, distributed to each floor, and ending at the canvas hoses and hose reels.

A

wet riser system

224
Q

is a clean and efficient fire extinguisher agent. It is colorless, non-conductive and noncorrosive inert gas which evaporates without leaving any residue after discharge. CO² works by smothering the flames and reducing the flames and reducing the oxygen content in the vapor phase of fuel or both in the air to the point where the combustion stops.

A

carbon dioxide (CO2)

225
Q

fire control / extinguishing systems

A

sprinkler system
hose reel system
wet riser system
carbon dioxide fire suppression system
fire extinguisher
fireman switch

226
Q

are extremely valuable for extinguishing fires at the early stages, but they cannot be used successfully to deal with large fires

A

fire extinguishers

227
Q

are the first-aid firefighting appliances which can be carried by hand and from which the extinguishing agent can be expelled, usually under pressure.

A

portable fire extinguishers

228
Q

is a switch-disconnect or isolator for special applications. These switches are on the outside wall of commercial buildings. They are designed to by easy to spot and are used by firemen to turn off neon-lighting or other hazardous electrical equipment in case of fire.

A

fireman switch

Terminologies (10 decks)

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