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PLE > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Perineal or scrotal hematoma

A

Destot sign

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2
Q

Diagnostic test done to rule our urinary extravasation in trauma patients

A

Retrogade urethrogram

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3
Q

5 hard signs for vascular Injury; indications for operative intervention

A

1) ALI
2) Pulsatile bleeding
3) Audible bruit
4) Expanding hematoma
5) Palpable thrill

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4
Q

Contraindications for emergency department thoracotomy

A

Penetrating trauma: CPR > 15 min with no signs of life

Blunt trauma: CPR >10min with no signs of life

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5
Q

Lethal triad of the bloody vicious cycle

A

1) hypothermia (<35 C)
2) acidosis (pH < 7.2 or base deficit <15mmol/L)
3) refractory coagulopathy

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6
Q

Differential capillary action of CSF and blood on an absorptive surface used to diagnose CSF rhinorrhea or CSF leak from trauma

A

Halo sign

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7
Q

Confirmatory test for CSF leak

A

B2 transferrin test

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8
Q

Treatment of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

Sistrunk Procedure

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9
Q

Treatment of cystic hygromas

A

Intra-lesional injection of OK-432 or Bleomycin (Complete surgical Tx is preferred)

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10
Q

Mucous retention cyst of the sublingual gland

A

Ranula

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11
Q

Benign tumor of the tongue derived from Schwann cells

A

Abrikoss tumor

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12
Q

End organ resistance to T4 wherein free T4 are increased and TSH are normal

A

Refetoff Syndrome

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13
Q

Most important serologic marker for monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer recurrence after total thyroidectomy and RAI ablation

A

Serum thyroglobulin

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14
Q

Sensitive marker for medullary thyroid cancer

A

Serum calcitonin

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15
Q

Medication given 7-10 days pre-op to decrease vascularity of thyroid and lessen risk of thyroid storm

A

Potassium iodide saturated solution

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16
Q

Painless hard, woody thyroid gland associated with auto-immune diseases and other focal sclerosing syndromes

A

Reidel Thyroiditis

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17
Q

The ratio of the largest to smallest diameter of a lymph node used in describing lymph node involvement

A

Solbiati index

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18
Q

Thyroid disorder with chief cell hyperplasia and shows amyloid on pathology

A

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

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19
Q

Most common malignancy which metastizes tot he thyroud

A

Renal cell cancer

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20
Q

Diagnostic test performed to localize parathyroid lesions pre-operatively

A

Sestamibi scan

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21
Q

Hypoplasia or complete absence of the breast with hypoplasia of chest wall

A

Poland Syndrome

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22
Q

Most common route of hematogenous breast cancer metastases

A

Batson Plexus

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23
Q

Ovarian metastasis associated with gastric adenocardinoma

A

Krukenberg tumor

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24
Q

Tumor markers for GIST

A

c-KIT (CD117) and CD 34

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25
Q

Tumor markers for gastric carcinoid tumors

A

Chromogranin A and NSE

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26
Q

Antrum-sparing hypertrophy of rugal folds associated with protein loss and hypochlorydia

A

Menetier Disease

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27
Q

Treatment for watermelon stomach a.k.a. gastric antral vascular ectasia

A

Endoscopic Nd: YAG laser or argon plasma coagulator

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28
Q

Congenital AV malformation of a submucosal vessel presenting as pulsating blood from a normal-appearing gastric mucosa on endoscopy

A

Dieulafoy lesion

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29
Q

Plane from the gallbladder fossa to the IVC separating the true left and right lobes of the liver

A

Cantlie’s line

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30
Q

Structure which separates the left lateral and left medial segments of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

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31
Q

Structure clamped in the Pringle Maneuver

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament (Portal vein, hepatic artery, CBD)

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32
Q

Epigastric vascular murmur due to shunting from the portal vein to the umbilical branches

A

Cruveilhier- Baumgarten Syndrome

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33
Q

Obstruction in hepatic venous outflow causing congestive hepatopathy

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

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34
Q

Normal portal venous pressure

A

12 mmHg

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35
Q

Organism causing hydatid cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosus

36
Q

Classic appearance of the pus from amebic liver abscess due to necrotic central portion

A

Anchovy paste

37
Q

Clearest risk factor for hepatic adenoma

A

OCP use

38
Q

Most common location of the cystic artery

A 
Budde triangle
Borders:
R: cystic duct
L: common hepatic duct
S: margin of the right lobe of the liver
39
Q

Lymph node most commonly enlarged in patients with cholecystitis or cholangitis

A

Calot node

40
Q

Circular area which fits into the hepatocystic duct angle containing hepatic pedicle variations

A

Moosman Area

41
Q

Primary bile salts(2)

A

Cholate and chenodeoxycholate

42
Q

Amino acids conjugated with the primary bile salts(2)

A

Taurine and Glycine

43
Q

Nerve responsible for GB contraction

A

Vagus nerve

44
Q

Substance which inhibits GB contraction (2)

A

VIP, Somatostatin

45
Q

Substance which stimulates liver ductal secretion

A

Secretin

46
Q

Basal pressure at the Sphincter of Oddi

A

13mmHg above duodenal pressure

47
Q

Infection of the gallbladder by gas-forming aerobes most commonly C. perfringens

A

Emphysematous gallbladder

48
Q

Gallstone ileus of the duodenum

A

Bouveret Syndrome

49
Q

Genetic mutation which predisposes towards chronic pancreatitis through the inactivation of trypsinogen

A

PRSSI

50
Q

Surgical procedure indicated for the treatment of symptomatic chronic pancreatitis with ductal obstruction and a main pancreatic duct dilatation

A

Puestow procedure (Pancreaticojeunostomy)

51
Q

Whipple Triad of insulinoma

A

1) Fasting hypoglycemia
2) Glucose < 50mg/dL
3) Relief of symptoms with glucose administration

52
Q

Gall bladder Ca with best prognosis

A

Periampullary Gall bladder Ca

53
Q

Anatomic region consisting of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, and lymphatic bed posterior and superior to the duondenum where a gastrinoma is usually found

A

Passaro’s triangle

54
Q

Type of pancreatic tumor often found at the tail

A

VIPoma

55
Q

Age of gestation where:

1) extracoelomic herniation
2) retraction into the abdominal cavity

A

1) 5th week

2) 10th week

56
Q

Triad of radiographic findings in SBO:

A

1) Dilated bowel loops
2) Air-fluid levels
3) Paucity of air in the colon

57
Q

The double bubble sign in radiographs is often seen in:

A

Duodenal obstruction

58
Q

The coiled spring sign seen in contrast enema is often seen in:

A

Intussusception

59
Q

The coffee bean sign in radiographs is often seen in:

A

Volvulus

60
Q

Normal small bowel length in children

A

200-250cm

61
Q

Most intestinotrophic hormone

A

GLP-2

62
Q

What does the GALT secrete

A

IgA

63
Q

Most common position of the appendix

A

Retrocecal

64
Q

Cut-off for a right hemicolectomy in an appediceal carcinoid tumor

A

> 2cm

65
Q

RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels

A

Markle sign

66
Q

RLQ pain upon manipulation of the uterus

A

Bryan sign

67
Q

Pain caused by traction on the spermatic cord

A

Ten Horn sign

68
Q

Diagnosis of colonic diverticulitis (3)

A

1) LLQ pain
2) bowel habit alterations
3) tenderness on palpation

69
Q

Structure which divides the upper and lower GI tract

A

Ligament of Treitz

70
Q

Subtype of FAP associated with CNS tumors

A

Turcot Syndrome

71
Q

Subtype of FAP associated with epidermoid cysts, dermoid tumors of the abdominal wall, and skull osteomas

A

Gardner Syndrome

72
Q

Disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomas in the GIT with hyperpigmented macules

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndromes

73
Q

Separates the anterior rectum from the vagina in females, prostate and seminal vesicles in males

A

Denonvilliers fascia

74
Q

Fascial condensation between the fascia propria and the presacral fascia

A

Waldeyer fascia

75
Q

Idiopathic asymmetric thigh atrophy related to avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

76
Q

Ossification of distal patellar tendon at the point of tibial insertion common among athletes

A

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

77
Q

Most common cause of shoulder pain

A

Supraspinatus tendinitis

78
Q

Anterior diaphragmatic hernia

A

Morgagni hernia

79
Q

Posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek hernia

80
Q

Syndrome of sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, supraumbilical omphalocele, anterior midline diaphragmatic defect and intra- cardiac anomalies

A

Pentralogy of Cantrell

81
Q

Syndrome of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and non-gonococcal urethritis

A

Reiter’s syndrome

82
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

1) R-L dissociation
2) Agraphia
3) Finger agnosia
4) Acalculia

83
Q

Lesion for motor/expressive aphasia

A

Broca’s area

84
Q

Lesion for sensory/ receotive aphasia

A

Wernicke’s area

85
Q

Lesion for apraxia

A

Supramarginal gyrus

PLE (8 decks)

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