Gynecology Flashcards
Single most consistent determinant of maleness
Y chromosome specifically the SRY gene
Gold standard for identifying sex
Karyotyping
At what age of gestation do the ovaries begin to develop in females?
11th or 12th week
Structures derived from the mesonephric duct/ Wolffian duct
Vas deferens, epididymis, and seminal vesicles
The Wolffian ducts develop in males at what age of gestation?
9th or 10th week
The AMH is produced by
Sertoli cells
Complete absence of one sex chromosome which presents as short stature, webbed neck, and streak ovaries
Turner Syndrome
Meiotic nondisjunction which leads to a 47, XXY genotype presenting as gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and female-type hair distribution
Klinefelter Syndrome
What layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation?
Stratum functionale
Blood supply to the basal 1/3 of the endometrium called the stratum basale
Straight arteries
Blood supply to the superficial 2/3 of the endometrium called the stratum functionale
Spiral arteries
Narrowest portion of the fallopian tube
Isthmus
Site of fertilization and the most common site of ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla
Muscle most important in control of urination, parturition, and maintaining fecal continence
Levator ani
At which anatomical landmark does the ureter change course and run forward and medially from the uterosacral ligaments to the base of the broad ligament
Level of the ischial spine
Narrow window of endometrial receptivity to blastocyst implantation
Days 20-24 of the menstrual cycle
Average number of days in a menstrual cycle
25-35 days (new)
28 +/- 7 days (old)
Specific location from which GnRH is released from
Arcuate nucleus of the median basal hypothalamus
Hormone which acts on the theca celss to stimulate ovarian steroid hormone production
LH
Hormone which acts on the granulosa cell to stimulate follicular growth
FSH
When is the primary oocyte formed?
5th week AoG
Primary oocytes are arrested in which phase?
Prophase
Secondary oocytes are arrested in what phase?
Metaphase II
What hormone rises in parallel to growth of a dominant follicle?
Estrogen
Where are FSH receptors located?
Granulosa cells (on which FSH acts on duh)
FSH stimulates conversion of androstenedione by cytochrome P450 into ____.
estradiol
Cut-off age for diagnosis of primary amenorrhea
15 years
within 5 years of breast development if occurring by age 10
First sign of puberty
Thelarche
Last sign of puberty
Menarche
Hormone produced by adipocytes which affects LH pulsatility and restore menstrual cycle
Leptin
Hormone responsible for breast development
Estradiol
Delayed onset puberty, greater wingspan to height ratio, and absent sense of smell due to failed migration of the GnRH neural placodes
Kallmann syndrome
Most common cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
Turner Syndrome
Uterovaginal agenesis with a 46 XX karyotype presenting with deafness, normal thelarche and pubarche, streatk uterus, and renal abnormality
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome
Absence of menses for an arbitrary period, usually longer than 6 to 12 months
Secondary amenorrhea
Pituitary cell destruction due to hemorrhagic loss and hypotension during pregnancy
Sheehan Syndrome
Chronic deficiency of the pituitary gland unrelated to pregnancy
Simmonds disease
Cut-off age for premature ovarian failure
Menopause before 40yo
Scarring of uterine tissue and hence, obliteration of the endometrial cavity from uterine surgery
Asherman syndrome
Mutation the G3 protein causing premature menarche; triad of cafe au lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cysts of skull and long bones
McCune Albright Syndrome
Pathognomonic sign for labial adhesion
Midline vertical line
Inability of a couple to conceive after 1 year of trying
Infertility
Anti-acne component of COC
Progestin component
Drug associated with liver adenoma
Mestranol
