Pathology Trigger Words Flashcards by Ena Wong

[Neoplasm] Cells seen in patients with lymphoblastoma or metastatic carcinoma

Tart Cell

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[Rheuma] Autoantibody which confer early disease onset of Sjogren Syndrome

Anti-Ro

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[Rheuma] Autoantibody which confers diffuse scleroderma

Anti-Scl 70 (Anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

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[Rheuma] Autoantibody which confers limited scleroderma

Anti-centromere

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[Genetics] ___ is the 2nd most common cause of mental retardation

Fragile X Syndrome

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[Genetics] Fragile X Syndrome confers what repeating expansion in what gene?

CGG, FMR1 Gene

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[Genetics] Huntington disease confers what expansion in what gene?

CAG, HTT Gene

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[Genetics] What enzyme is deficient in Chronic Granulomatous Disease?

NADPH oxidase

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[Genetics] Syndrome which typically presents as albinism and bleeding diasthesis secondary to impaired phagolysosome function.

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

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[Genetics] Syndrome typically presenting with cardiac anomalies, abnormal facies, thyroid disorder and a deletion in chromosome 22.

DiGeorge Syndrome

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[Genetics] Triad of 1) thrombocytopenia, 2) repeated infections, and 3) eczema

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

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[IDS] HIV virulent factor which allows the virus to integrate into the host cell.

gp41 (fusion protein)

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[IDS] HIV virulent factor which allows the virus to attache to CXCR4 (lymphocytic) and CCR5 (macrophagocytic)

gp120

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[IDS] CD4 threshold for each of the following infections in AIDS patients:

1) Toxoplasma
2) CMV chorioretinitis
3) Pneumocystis jirovecii
4) TB
5) Cryptosporidium
6) MAC

1) <100/uL
2) <50/uL
3) <200/uL
4) <500/uL
5) <200/uL
6) <50/uL

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[Neoplasm] Hallmark of malignancy

Anaplasia

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[Cell Mechanisms] Hallmark of tissue repaie

Granulation (not granuloma!)

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[Neoplasm] Most commonly mutated protooncogene

RAS

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[Neoplasm] Governor of the cell cycle, a tumor suppressor gene

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[Neoplasm] Guardian of the genome, a tumor suppressor gene

p53

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[Neoplasm] HPV is an oncogenic virus which causes inactivation of p53 by this protein

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[Neoplasm] Tumor suppressor gene mutated in breast and endometrial cancers

PTEN

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[Neoplasm] Tumor suppressor gene mutated in FAP and colon cancer

APC

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[Neoplasm] One of the most studied etiologic agent/ risk factor for Bladder SCCA

Schistosoma haematobium infection

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[Neoplasm] Carcinogen associated with liver angiosarcomas

Vinyl chloride

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[Neoplasm] Carcinogen associated with AML

Benzene

[Neoplasm] Electrolyte imbalances in Tumor Lysis Syndrome

HyperK+, HyperPhos, HyperUricemia, Hypocalcemia

[IDS] Characteristic cells in lymph nodes, lung, and sputum of measles patients

Warthin Finkelday cells

[IDS] Pink to purple intranuclear inclusion bodies in HSV infection

Cowdry bodies (Type A)

[IDS] Test to differentiate infectious mononucleosis etiology

Monospot test/ heterophile test (+: EBV; -: CMV)

[IDS] Characteristic appearance of basophilic inclusion bodies of CMV infection

Owl's eye

[Neoplasm] Characteristic cells seen in malignancies with microcalcifications causing necrosis

Psamomma bodies

[Neoplasm] In which type of thyroid malignancy can orphan annie nuclei be seen?

Follicular thyroid Ca

[IDS] Characteristic cells seen in klebsiella granulomatis infection which show gram neg coccobacilli in macrophages

Donovan bodies

[IDS] In PRIMARY TB, this refers to consolidation at the subpleural space.

Ghon focus

[IDS] In PRIMARY TB, this refers to a consolidation with pulmonary hilar node involvement

Ranke complex

[IDS] In SECONDARY TB, this refers to consolidation usually at the apical area

Simmon focus

[IDS] Central coagulation necrosis surrounded by palisading macrophages and fibroblasts, plasma cell- rich infiltrate, few treponemes seen in tertiary syphillis infection

Gumma

[IDS] Triad of interstitial keratitis, hutchinson teeth (screwdriver or peg-shaped), and eight nerve deafness

Late Congenital Syphillis

[IDS] Psoriasiform hyperplasia or test tubes in a rack appearance is seen in this STD

Condyloma lata

[IDS] Phenomenon wherein too many antibodies prevent antibody-antigen complex formation leading to a false negative result in assays

Prozone phenomenon

[IDS] Structures of perivacular ring hemorrhages around vessels plugged with infected RBCs in cerebral malaria

Durck granulomas

[IDS] Protozoan which has a maltese cross pattern morphology

Babesia

[IDS] Classic appearance of loss of striations in trichinosis of striated muscle cells with rich blood supply

Nurse cells

[IDS] Meyers -Kouwenaar bodies are dead worms surrounded by hyaline, esosinophilic precipitates embedded in small epitheloid granulomas seen in ___.

Filariasis (Lung)

[IDS] Accentuation of sclerosing keratitis seen in onchocerca infection as a result of anti-filarial treatment.

Mazzotti reaction

[Cardio] Post-MI Pericarditis

Dressler Syndrome

[Cardio] Diastolic murmurs

1) Aortic Regurgitation 2) Pulmonic Regurgitation 3) Mitral stenosis 4) Tricuspid stenosis

[Cardio] Most common valvular defect secondary to rheumatic heart disease

Mitral stenosis

[Cardio] Most common KNOWN cause of MVP causing mitral insufficiency

Marfan Syndrome (fibrillin 1 defect)

[Cardio] Low-pitched diastolic rumbling murmur best heard at the apex concomitant with aortic regurgitation

Austin-Flint murmur

[Cardio] "Caterpillar cells" which are plump macrophages with condensed chromatin pattern in a slender wavy ribbon seen in RF

Anitschkow cells

[Cardio] Nodules found in the hearts of individuals with rheumatic fever

Aschoff bodies

[Cardio] Subendocardial thickenings secondary to regurgitant jets seen in patients with RHD

MacCallum plaques

[Cardio] Type of endocarditis associated with malignancy and endocardial trauma

Marantic endocarditis

[Cardio] Type of endocarditis associated with SLE

Libman - Sacks endocarditis

[Cardio] Concept which states that pressure decreases and velocity increases as fluid passes through a narrow opening

Venturi effect

[Cardio] Most common helminthic etiology for myocarditis

Trichenella spiralis

[Cardio] Most common parasitic etiology for myocarditis

T. cruzi (Chagas disease)

[Cardio] Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

Rhabdomyoma

[Cardio] Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

Myxoma

[Cardio] Defect associated with paradoxical emboli

ASD

[Hema] Subtype of AML with the best prognosis

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia FABM3, t (15,17)

[Hema] Cells seen in the PBS of CLL patients, the most common leukemia of adults of the Western World

Smudge cells

[Hema] Malignant transformation of CLL to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Richter Syndrome

[Hema] Cells which appear as large multiple nuclei or single with multiple lobes; each with a nucleolus seen in Hodgkin Lymphoma

Reed- Sternberg cells

[Hema] HL subtype with RS predominance and a (+) CD20 immunohistochemistry

Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

[Hema] Most common HL subtype

Nodular sclerosing

[Hema] Proteinuria of multiple myeloma characterized by Ig light chains

Bence- Jones proteinuria

[Hema] Infiltration of epidermis and upper dermis T-cells with cerebriform nuclei and generalized exfoliative erythroderma seen in mycosis fungoides

Sezary Syndrome

[Hema] Gene mutation in CML

BCR-ABL

[Hema] Gene mutation in PV

JAK2

[Hema] Characteristic lytic bone lesions is seen in what hematologic disorder

Multiple Myeloma

[Hema] Polycythemia Vera may proceed to this hematologic disorder once in the spent phase

Primary Myelofibrosis

[Hema] Pathognomonic cells seen in Langerhans histiocytosis

Birbeck granules

[Hema] Dacrocytes or tear-shaped RBCs are seen in this hematologic disorder

Primary Myelofibrosis

[Hema] Gold standard diagnostic test for Hereditary Spherocytosis

Osmotic Fragility Test

[Hema] Inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin seen in asplenic G6PD deficiency

Heinz bodies

[Hema] Common morphologic feature of RBCS in G6PD patients with a functional spleen

Degmacytes or Bite cells

[Hema] What mutation causes sickling of RBCs

Glutamate -> Valine

[Hema] Nuclear remnants seen in asplenic patients with Sickle cell anemia

Howell-Jolly bodies

[Hema] Extramedullary hematopoiesis to compensate for B Thalassemia are seen as this on radiographs

Crew-cut appearance

[Hema] Most common inherited bleeding disorder

von Willebrand disease

[Hema] Toxin responsible for symptoms of HUS

Shiga-like toxin

[Hema] Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage secondary to fibrin thrombi

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen Syndrome

[Hema] Syndrome wherein a hemangioma is accompanied by bleeding diasthesis

Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome

[Respi] Whorls of shed epithelium seen in Asthma

Curschmasnn spirals

[Respi] Eosinophilic crystals seen in the airway of asthmatic patients

Charcot- Leyden crystals

[Respi] The late stage of this airway disorder is characterized by Honeycomb fibrosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

[Respi] Concretions of calcium and proteins seen in Sarcoidosis

Schaumann bodies

[Respi] Stellate inclusions in giant cells seen in sarcoidosis

Asteroid bodies

[Respi] The cough center

Nucleus tractus solitarius

[Respi] A histomorphologic phenomenon of incrustation of blood vessel wall with basophilic nuclear material seen in small cell carcinoma

Azzopardi effect

[Respi] Immunostains for squamous cell carcinoma

p63, p40

[GI] Hypoproteinemia secondary to protein-losing enteropathy

Menetrier disease

[GI] Mutations in HNPCC or Lynch Syndrome

MSH2, MLH1

[GI] Procedure performed to treat extrahepatic biliary atresia

Kasai procedure

[GI] Most common benign tumor of the GI tract

Cavernous Hemangioma

[GI] Thrombosis at the portal circulation causing a sharply demarcated area of red-blue discoloration, hepatocyte atrophy, and congestion

Infarct of Zahn

[GI] Syndrome of >= 2 thrombotic obstruction at the hepatic artery, ascites, hepatomegaly, and hypercoagulable state

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

[GI] Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Klatskin tumor