Surgery

Question 1

What is the rough weight formula of a child?

Answer 1

Wt (kg) = 2 x (Age +4)

Question 2

What is the rough estimate formula for systolic BP for a child?

Answer 2

Systolic BP = 80 + (2 x Age)

Question 3

What happens to RR of a child with age?

Answer 3

It decreases

Question 4

What happens to HR of a child with age?

Answer 4

It decreases

Question 5

What happens to BP of a child with age?

Answer 5

It increases

Question 6

What are some barriers to pain relief in children?

Answer 6

• Belief of teachers/parents

- Belief of ‘masking the signs’ from clinicians

Question 7

What is used in the pain management of children?

Answer 7

WHO Pain ladder

• Paracetamol
• Ibuprofen
• Weak opioids (but 1 in 5 cant metabolise codeine!)
• Strong opioid

Question 8

What is used in the resuscitation fluid management of children?

Answer 8

20ml/kg bolus 0.9% NaCl

Question 9

What fluids are used for maintenance management in children?

Answer 9

0.9% NaCl /5% Dextrose +/-0.15% KCl

Question 10

What volume of maintenance fluid is given to a child?

Answer 10

4-2-1 rule

4ml/kg for 1st 10kg
2ml/kg for 2nd 10kg
1ml/kg for every kg thereafter

Question 11

What are some sentinel signs (red flags!) in children?

Answer 11

Feed refusal
Bile Vomits
Colour (Grey)
Tone (Floppy baby)
Temperature (hypothermia)

Question 12

What investigations may be used for

Answer 12

• Urine
• FBC
• Electrolytes
• X-rays

Question 13

List some features of non-specific abdominal pain

Answer 13

• Short duration
• Central
• Constant
• Not made worse by movement
• No GIT disturbance
• No temperature
• Site & severity of tenderness vary