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Paediatrics > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What substances are released from mast cell degranulation in an allergic response?

A

-Histamine! (Tryptase, Hydrolase)

Later-> Secreted inflmmatory mediators
Prostaglandins, cytokines, leukotrienes

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2
Q

What does release of histamine cause?

A
  • Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
  • Vasodilation
  • Separation of endothelial cells (Hives)
  • Pain and itching
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3
Q

List some common food allergies

A

Milk, Eggs, Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Soya, Wheat, Fish, Sesame

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4
Q

What are some advantages of skin-prick testing in allergy?

A
  • Easy to perform
  • Non-invasive
  • Immediate results
  • Cheap
  • Negative result is excellent predictor of negative IgE mediated food reaction
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5
Q

What are some disadvantages of skin-prick testing in allergy?

A
  • Must stop antihistamines 48hrs prior
  • Broken skin
  • Theoretical risk of reactions
  • Dermatographism
  • Over-interpretation of positive results
  • Avoid random tests
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6
Q

What are some advantages of specific IgE in allergy?

A
  • No-need to stop antihistamines

- No risk of reactions

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7
Q

What are some disadvantages of specific IgE in allergy?

A
  • Expensive and invasive
  • Delay in obtaining results
  • Less sensitive and specific than SPT
  • Highly unreliable results in eczema
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8
Q

What is the gold standard testing method of testing food allergy?

A

Oral food challenge

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9
Q

If no allergen is found, what is the management for long term allergies?

A

-Regular non-sedating anti-histamines

+Leukotriene antagonist or H2 receptor antagonist

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10
Q

What may adrenaline pens potentially interact with?

A

B-blockers

Tricyclics

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11
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline in anaphylaxis?

A
  • Reverses peripheral vasodilation
  • Increases peripheral vascular resistance
  • Improves BP and coronary perfusion
  • Decreases angioedema
  • Causes bronchodilation
  • Decrease release of inflammatory mediators
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12
Q

What condition may present similar to allergy but cause mainly oral symptoms?

A

Oral Allergy Syndrome

Itching, mouth swelling, tongue discomfort etc

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13
Q

What treatment is suggested fro oral allergy syndrome?

A

Antihistamines
Avoidance
(Unlikely to cause anaphylaxis)

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14
Q

What is the management for egg allergy?

A
  • Avoidance
  • Re-introduction
  • Egg ladder
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15
Q

What are some symptoms of IgE mediated Cow’s milk allergy?

A
  • Vomiting

- Occasionally diarrhoea

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16
Q

What are some symptoms of non-IgE mediated Cow’s milk allergy?

A
  • Varying presentations

- Diarrhoea, vomiting, irritability, infantile eczema, bloating, bleeding PR

17
Q

What is the management of non-IgE/IgE mediated Cow’s milk allergy?

A
  • Maternal avoidance of Cow’s Milk (need to supplement Calcium and Vit D)
  • EHF formula
  • AA formula if not tolerated
  • Soya Milk > 1 year of age or not tolerated above

Paediatrics (18 decks)

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