Respiratory Flashcards
What structures are inflamed in croup?
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchitis
(Layngotracheobronchitis)
What respiratory conditions are viral (and thus need no antibiotics!)
- Flu
- Bronchitis (almost always)
- Common cold
What infections are bacterial (and thus would benefit from antibiotics!)
- Strep throat
- UTI
- Whooping Cough
- Sinusitis
What infections may be bacterial or viral?
- Pneumonia
- Ear infections
What are some common agents of bacterial overgrowth in LRTI?
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
What are some common agents of viral infection in LRTI?
- RSV (Respiratory syncitial virus)
- Parainfluenzae III
- Influenza A and B
- Adenovirus
- Rhinovirus
What medications are proven not to work in bronchiolitis
Salbutamol Ipratropium bromide Adrenaline Steroids Antibiotics Nebulised hypertonic saline
When would oral antibiotics be preferred to IV in LRTI?
- When antibiotics are indicated
- In non-severe LRTI
- When child is not vomiting
What three things should be assessed in children in LRTI, before considering antibiotics?
- Oxygenation
- Hydration
- Nutrition
What are some potential downsides of asthma treatment in children?
- Cost
- 0.5-1cm loss of height
- Oral thrush
What are some differentials to asthma if onset is under the age of 5?
- Congenital
- CF
- PCD
- Bronchitis
- Foreign body
What are some differentials to asthma if onset is over the age of 5?
- Dysfunctional breathing
- Vocal cord dysfunction
- Habitual cough
- Pertussis
What are the goals of asthma treatment?
- Minimal symptoms during day and night
- Minimal need for reliever medication
- No attacks (exacerbations)
- No limitation of physical activity
What system can be used to measure asthma control?
SANE
- SABA/week
- Absence school/nursery
- Nocturnal symptoms/wk
- Excertional symptoms/wk
What is the first line asthma preventer for a child under 5?
LTRA
