Surg 126--Chapter 6 Flashcards
Surgery is a discipline that depends on visualizing the _____ and the _____ functioning of the body organs and systems.
anatomy
physiological
Surgery is very dependent on techniques that give insight into the _____, _____, and _____ of the structures of the body.
position
activity
health
X-rays were discovered at the turn of the 19th century by _____.
Carl Roentgen
Since its discovery, _____ has played a central role in the management of patients.
imaging (radiographic testing)
Radiographic testing (imaging) is used for both _____ and _____.
diagnosis
treatment
Pharmacologic agents called _____ are used in certain diagnostic radiographic tests.
radiopaque contrast media (ROCM)
To perform a radiopaque contrast media test, a _____ is injected into the circulatory system or instilled into a body cavity; then a radiograph is taken.
contrast medium
Many contrast media contain _____ or _____, which are radiopaque.
iodine
barium
_____ are solutions that color or mark tissue for identification.
Dyes
Dyes may be used to mark _____.
skin incisions
Dyes may be used to delineate normal _____.
tissue planes
Dyes may be used to _____ of certain anatomic structures during a surgical procedure.
enhance visualization
Dyes may be applied _____.
topically
Dyes may be injected into the _____.
bloodstream
Dyes may be instilled into a _____.
body cavity
_____ are used in surgery to help visually identify abnormal cells.
Staining agents
Staining agents are most frequently used in procedures on the _____.
cervix
_____ are chemicals in solution that react differently with abnormal cells from the way the react with normal cells.
Staining agents
_____ are high-density pharmacological agents used to visualize low-contrast body tissues.
Contrast media
Contrast media are used to visualize _____, _____, _____, and the _____.
vascular structures
the urinary bladder
the gastrointestinal tract
the biliary tree
Contrast media can be easily confused with other medications on the sterile back table because they are _____.
clear in color
Many contrast media contain iodine, so a thorough patient history of _____ or _____ to iodine must be obtained and noted in their chart.
allergies
reactions
The various ROCM work immediately when injected into _____ and _____.
veins
arteries
ROCM can be instilled intravascularly into _____ to make the heart and major thoracic vessels visible.
the heart chambers
Intravascular ROCM are excreted by the kidneys usually within _____ hours.
24
Omnipaque is also known as _____
Iohexol
Omnipaque is _____ and _____.
water-soluble
iodine-based
Omnipaque is available is various size and strengths and they are _____, _____, _____, and _____.
140 180 240 300 350
Omnipaque comes in glass vials ranging in size from _____ mL to _____ mL.
10
250
Omnipaque is _____ from the site of administration.
absorbed
Omnipaque is excreted by the _____.
kidneys
Omnipaque may be injected _____ or _____.
intrathecally
intravascularly
When injected into a blood vessel, Omnipaque will _____ that blood vessel and all other vessels in the path of flow.
opacify
Omnipaque is used in _____.
angiography
A _____ may be performed with intravascular injection of Omnipaque.
retrograde urography
Omnipaque may also be used for a _____.
cholangiography
Hypaque is _____.
water-soluble
Hypaque is supplied in glass vials of _____ mL and _____ mL.
50
100
Common uses for _____ include excretory urography, angiography, cerebral angiography, peripheral arteriography, central venography, renal venography, and cholangiography.
Hypaque
Hypaque can be inserted directly into the _____ via a catheter.
urinary bladder
Visipaque is _____.
water-soluble
Visipaque is absorbed into the _____.
bloodstream
Visipaque is excreted virtually unchanged by the _____.
kidneys
Visipaque is supplied in _____ mL vials, and _____ mL, _____ mL, and _____ mL glass and plastic bottles.
50
100
150
200
_____ is used in cardiography; peripheral, visceral, and cerebral arteriography; contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the head and body, cholangiography, excretory urography, and peripheral venography.
Visipaque
Isovue is _____.
water-soluble
Isovue is used in intravascular, intrathecal, and body cavity administration for _____ procedures.
radiographic
Isovue is rapidly absorbed into the _____.
bloodstream
Isovue is predominately excreted by the _____.
kidneys
_____ is used for lumbar and thoracocervical myelography, cerebral angiography, and many other procedures.
Isovue
Operative Cholangiograms are used to determine the presence of stones in the _____.
common bile duct
During an operative cholangiogram, the contrast media is diluted at the sterile back table with equal parts of _____.
normal saline solution
Dyes are used to mark _____.
skin incisions
Dyes are used to mark structural positioning of normal _____.
body anatomy
Dyes are used for visual identification of an _____ or _____.
organ injury
pathology
Methylene blue is most often used in surgery during procedures on the _____ or _____.
urinary bladder
fallopian tubes
To detect possible injury, _____ is instilled into the bladder through an indwelling urinary catheter.
Mathylene blue
Methylene blue is used to check for leaks or tears in the _____.
bladder
In gynecology, methylene blue is used to demonstrate _____ of the fallopian tubes.
patency
Methylene blue is used to check the fallopian tubes in a procedure called _____.
tubal dye study (TDS)
Lymphazurin is administered _____.
subcutaneously
Lymphazurin is picked up by _____ that drain the region of the injection site, making them a bright blue color.
lymphatic vessels
Lymphazurin is most commonly used in the surgical setting for sentinel node biopsy for _____.
breast tumors
After Lymphazurin is injected _____ minutes must pass before the first incision is made.
5
After Lymphazurin is injected, the surgeon follows the blue path of _____ from the breast tumor to the first node of the axillary basin, or sentinel node, which is then dissected for pathological examination.
lymphatic drainage
Indigo carmine is a _____ dye.
blue
Indigo carmine is usually given _____.
intravenously
Indigo carmine is used to color urine for verification of _____ or _____.
bladder integrity
kidney function
Indigo carmine is excreted by the kidneys, usually within _____ minutes after intravenous injection.
10
Indigo carmine allows for immediate identification of possible leaks or damage to the _____ or _____, as well as demonstration of kidney function.
ureters
bladder
Gentian violet is a _____ dye.
purple
Gentian violet is most frequently used in surgery to _____.
mark incision sites
Sterile marking pens may be used to _____.
label containers of medications
Staining agents may be used in surgery to help identify _____ for biopsy or excision.
abnormal tissue
There are differences in metabolism between _____ and _____ cells.
normal
abnormal
Some chemicals applied to the suspect area react in a way that more clearly demonstrates the _____.
location of tissue changes
Lugol’s solution is a strong iodine mixture used to perform _____ on cervical tissue.
Schiller’s test
Lugol’s solution is applied _____ to the external cervical os with a sponge stick or large cotton-tipped applicator.
topically
Abnormal cells will not take up the _____ as readily as normal cells.
brown iodine stain
Lugol’s solution is also used to treat overactive _____ function.
thyroid gland
