Surface markings Flashcards
Lung apex
3cm above clavicle
inferior border of lungs
ML: 4th CC
MC: 6th rib
MA: 8th rib
MS: 10th rib
lung pleura
Ribs 2nd Sharp angle inferiorly 4 L shifts laterally for heart 6 both diverge laterally 8 MC 10 MA 12 back
lung is 2 ribs higher
Oblique lung fissure
begins at T3 at the back, and moves round to follow line of 6th rib anteriorly
Horizontal fissure
Right only
travels anteriorly from MA line, follows 4th intercostal space
Trachea bifrucation
T4/5 sternal angle/carnia
Upper oesophageal sphincter
C6
Gastro-oesophageal junction
T10
Right border of the heart
line from right 3rd CC’s superior border (2cm from sternal margin) to the 6th CC’s junction with the sternum
Left border of the heart
marked by a line from the apex beat to the lower border of the left 2nd CC 2cm from the sternal margin
Mitral valve
at the apex
Tricuspic valve
left sternal edge, 4th intercostal space
Aortic valve
2nd right intercostal space
Pulmonary valve
2nd left intercostal space
Aorta
originates behind sternal angle leaves mediastinum through D at T12 and gives off celiac axis gives off superior mesenteric at L1/2 L3 - inferior mesenteric bifrucates at L4
SVC
enters right atrium at 3rd CC
Liver
extends within right upper abd from (expiratory) upper limit in the plane beneath the nipples, to an (inspiratory) lower limit in a plane between the right costal margin extended towards left nipple
Umbilicus
L3 - very variable
MchBurney’s point
2/3 along a line between umbilicus and ASIS
Hilum of lung
A –>P
2 pulmonary veins
pulmonary artery
bronchus
Also bronchial arteries and veins, pulmonary nerve plexuses, lymphatics etc
what goes through the diaphragm?
I ate (8) 10 omlettes At 12
IVC T8
oesophagus T10
Aorta T12
contents of anterior triangle of neck
thyroid gland
carotid sheath
infrahyoid muscles
suprahyoid muscles
Why does thyroid gland need rich blood supply?
deliver sufficient iodine, rapid delivery of TSH and rapid ‘washout’ of thyroxine
what is carotid sheath and its contents?
fibrous connective tissue
contents:
- internal jugular vein (lateral)
- common carotid and IC (medial)
- vagus nerve (posterior)
- deep cervical lymph nodes
Transpyloric plane and its contents
L1 - halfway between pubic symphysis and suprasternal notch. funds of GB hill of kidneys 9th CCs neck of pancreas 2nd part of duo origin of portal vein splenic
Subcoastal line
L2: base of 10th CCs
gonadal artery from abdominal aorta
Suprasternal notch
T2/3
