MEQ Specimin 1a

Question 1

2 innate mechanisms that prevent micro-organisms from reaching the lungs

Answer 1

nasal hair, muco-ciliary escalator, mucus, coughing, sneezing, warming of inspired air by nose, humidification

Question 2

BP using PVR and CO

Answer 2

BP = CO x PVR

Question 3

which types of bv is major site for PVR?

Answer 3

arteriole

Question 4

3 metabolic or physiologcal factors that reduce peripheral vascular resistance

Answer 4

• NO/metabolic breakdown -products
• hypoxia
• hypercapnia
• reduced sympathetic stimulation
  parasympathetic stimulation

Question 5

2 anatomical sites where arterial baroreceptors are located

Answer 5

aortic arch, carotid sinus

Question 6

2 effects that stimulating arterial baroreceptors has on systemic BP

Answer 6

decreased sympathetic NS stimulation, decreased arteriolar vasoconstriction, decreased BP

Question 7

normal systolic and diastolic BP for adult male age 30?

Answer 7

120/80.
range of (100/70 to 144/94)

Question 8

normal oesophagus lined by what type of epithelium?

Answer 8

stratified squamous non-keratinising

Question 9

3 structures that lie anterior to oesophagus in the thorax

Answer 9

left main bronchus
aortic arch
left atrium
diaphragm

Question 10

what hormone is responsible for the production of gastric juice and which 2 organs secrete it?

Answer 10

gastrin

stomach and pancreas

Question 11

which artery supplies the terminal ileum and ascending colon?

Answer 11

superior mesenteric artery

Question 12

how is 5 year survival rate determined?

Answer 12

proportion of diagnosed patients still living 5 years after diagnosis of the disease

Question 13

how much absolute alcohol is there in a unit of alcohol?

Answer 13

8 grams of absolute alcohol. half a pint of beer, 1 small glass of wine, 1 glass of sherry

Question 14

5 ways stress can manifest itself. list them as well as how pt would be effected

Answer 14

PC BEB

biochemical - endorphin levels altered/cortisol
emotional - mood swing, tearful
behavioural - alcohol, poor sleep
physiological - headache
cognitive - negative thoughts, poor concentration

Question 15

what pattern of mendelian inheritance does the abnormal CF gene show?

Answer 15

autosomal recessive

Question 16

3 functions of the cell membrane of bronchial epithelial cells

Answer 16

serparating intracellular contents from ex
regulating access to the cell
acting as semi-permeable membrane
regulating molecular trans in and out
intercellular signalling/hosting membrane receptors
maintaining cell shape
allowing movement of the cell

Question 17

lipids within the cell membrane are amphipathic, what does this mean?

Answer 17

substances are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 18

fusion of vacuoles with cell membrane, and subsequent release of their contents is called what?

Answer 18

exocytosis

Question 19

3 key surface markings of the oblique fissure?

Answer 19

back: T2.
MAL: 4th rib
ant:end of 6th rib

Question 20

why do small changes i nthe diameter of a blood vessel have a very great effect on the resistance to flow of a fluid through that vessel?

Answer 20

Pouiselle’s law or a derivative of it

Question 21

what part of the heart are you feeling when palpating the apex beat?

Answer 21

left ventricle

Question 22

2 key stages of fat digestion in the gut

Answer 22

emulsification

triglyceride hydrolysis

Question 23

main function of bile micelles in fat absorption from the gut?

Answer 23

lipid transport system