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Phase 1 SAQ/MEQ > SAQ 2011 > Flashcards

SAQ 2011 Flashcards

1
Q

What is present in segmental bronchi but not respiratory bronchiole?

A

Cartilage

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2
Q

What 3 things comprise a respiratory acinus?

A

resp bronchiole, alveolar duct + alveolus

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3
Q

what part of reps tract lies behind sternal angle?

A

carina t4

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4
Q

anatomical regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus

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5
Q

which cell types produce:

  • gastrin
  • HCl
  • Intrinsic factor
  • pensinogen
  • histamine
  • somatostain
A

G cells
Parietal
Parietal
Chief cells

Enterchromaffin-like
D cells

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6
Q

Where in the stomach are the cells most commonly found

A

G - antrum
Parietal - body and funds
Chief - body, fundus and pylorus
ECL - gastric glands in the vicinity of parietal cells

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7
Q

What two things other than gastrin mediate release of HCl

A

histamine and Acetylcholine

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8
Q

Which glucocorticoid is most common in man?

A

cortisol

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9
Q

which 2 anatomical areas are involved in glucocorticoids’ negative feedback loop?

A

hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

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10
Q

what 2 hormones do glucocorticoids inhibit?

A

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

CRH - corticotropin-releasing hormone

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11
Q

Which hormone from pituitary gland stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and what class of receptor does it bind to?

A

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone. Binds to protein coupled receptor.

(all hypothalamic and pituitary hormones act on G-protein coupled receptors)

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12
Q

BMI calculation

A

wt divided by height squared

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13
Q

3 conditions that are exacerbated or caused by weight gain

A

CHD, osteoporosis, diabetes

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14
Q

2 imdv reasons that are causing the increase of childhood obesity

A

technology development - video games, sedentary lifestyle

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15
Q

2 factors contributing to the obesogenic lifestyle

A

driving instead of walking

fast food/unhealthier food

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16
Q

what is recommended daily intake of fruit and veg?

A

at least 5 portions

17
Q

2 pituitary hormones influencing menstrual cycle?

A

FSH - folicular stimulating hormone

LH - luteinising hormone

18
Q

how does Progesterone act on the uterus

A

thickening the lining (to prevent miscarriage)

preventing uterine smooth muscle contraction

19
Q

3 typical histological features of a biopsy of a mid-secretory phase endometrium (normal)

A

stromal oedema
spiral arteries forming
glands becoming tortuous

20
Q

what hormone does preg test look for?

A

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

21
Q

2 effects oestrogen has on the endometrium

A

uterine smooth muscle growth

softening of cervix and pelvic ligaments

22
Q

by 28th week what 3 changes would there be in embryo’s Cardioresp development?

A

day 22 - heart beat
wk 24 - surfactant
wk 20 - ductus arteriousus opens

23
Q

1 hormone from pituitary and 1 from chorion/decidua that induce labour

A

posterior pituitary - oxytocin

chorion/decidua - prostaglandins

24
Q

what anatomical site is affected in parkinsons?

A

substantia nigra

25
Q

3 other components of Basal ganglia (not SN)

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

26
Q

what site does brain stimulation affect?

A

subthalamic nucleus

27
Q

what is the neurotransmitter defect in hunting tons?

A

GABA

28
Q

wasting in thenar muscles and loss of sensation in the the thumb and 1st 2 fingers. which nerve is compressed and by which structure?

A

medial nerve and flexor retinaculum

29
Q

4 features of pain as identified by the international pain society

A

pain = an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with an a actual or potential damage to tissue.

nociception, pain reception, suffering, pain behaviour

30
Q

how do men and women differ in their responses to pain?

A

women report pain more readily but can tolerate more pain than males

31
Q

pts calcium is low but phosphate is normal. 2 systemic hormones responsible for these abnormalities?

A

parathyroid hormone - chief cells in PT gland

calcitonin - C cells in thyroid

32
Q

3 ways that the mucous membranes of the upper RT and upper GT contribute to innate immunity

A

mucu-cilliary escalator wafts to top of oesophagus

low pH in stomach of HCl degrades swallowed stuff

mucous traps bacteria

33
Q

2 areas of the body with low pH to combat bacteria

A

vagina and stomach

34
Q

one oxygen dependent method phagocytes used to kill ingested material?

A

Reactive oxygen species

Phase 1 SAQ/MEQ (10 decks)

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