MEQ 2012 1b

Question 1

what 2 effects does stimulation of beta-1 receptors have on the heart

Answer 1

increased heart rate

increased force of myocardial contraction

Question 2

where in the stomach will you find most parietal cels?

Answer 2

body

Question 3

what do d cells in the stoma ch produce? what is their function?

Answer 3

somatostatin.

suppresses gastrin, CCK, secretin and VIP release

Question 4

give an example of hormone coming from zona fasiculata, glomerulosa, reticularis

Answer 4

glomerulosa - aldosterone
fasiculata - cortisol
reticularis - testosterone

Question 5

what enzyme will you find in zona glomerulosa but not in any other part of the gland?

Answer 5

aldosterone synthase

Question 6

what condition causes release of hormones from zona glomerulosa?

Answer 6

hypotension

Question 7

2 effects that the hormone released from zona glomerulosa will have on the kidney

Answer 7

increased Na/K ATPase pump

so..
sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Question 8

define stress

Answer 8

any outside factor that can have an affect on the internal functioning of the human body, which can manifest itself in a biochemical, behavioural, physiological, cognitive or emotional way

Question 9

2 examples of behavioural stress

Answer 9

increased alcohol consumption
increased smoking
poor sleep
over/under eating

Question 10

eustress meaning?

Answer 10

stress that is good for you. positive stress e.g. a promotion at work

Question 11

5 features of a type A personality

Answer 11

competetive, irritable, ambitious, rigidly organised, highly status conscious, can be sensitive, care for other people, truthful, impatient, take on more they can handle

Question 12

what is the normal GFR?

Answer 12

90 - 120 mL/min/1.73 m2

Question 13

what 2 types of nerve fibres does pain affect?

Answer 13

C fibres, A delta fibres

Question 14

surgery on the diaphragm, pain in the tip of right shoulder?

Answer 14

D is supplied by phrenic nerve which begins in nerves C3,4 & 5. Shoulder is supplied by dermatomes C3, 4. Therefore irritation of the diaphragm presents as pain in the tip of the shoulder

Question 15

3 non pharma treatments for pain

Answer 15

hypnotherapy, social reinforcement, pleasant activity scheduling

Question 16

2 components that give strength to bone

Answer 16

calcium

collagen

Question 17

Health economics: define opportunity cost

Answer 17

opportunity cost of an activity is the sacrifice in terms of benefits foregone from not allocating resources to the next best activity.

Question 18

what is incremental cost?

Answer 18

Incremental cost is the overall change that a company experiences by producing one additional unit of good.

Question 19

2 factors taken into account for quality adjusted life years?

Answer 19

quality of life, number of years the pt lives

Question 20

2 types of economic evaluation

Answer 20

cost analysis

cost-benefit analysis

Question 21

which artery supplies the occipital lobe?

Answer 21

posterior cerebral artery

Question 22

what name is given to the photopigment cells of rods?

Answer 22

rhodopsin

Question 23

what is the function of rods and cones

Answer 23

rods - peripheral vision

cones - colour vision, visual acuity

Question 24

what secretes CSF?

Answer 24

choroid plexus

Question 25

what reabsorbs CSF

Answer 25

arachnoid granules