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Supplemental stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

what personality traits were studied in Friedman 2007?

A

Pessimists and optimists

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2
Q

what health outcomes are found for optimism and pessimism?

A

Those who are optimistic have a death rate of 30.4% but pessimists were 56.5%
- Pessimists were 45% more likely to die

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3
Q

Does treating a personality (intervention) mean you will improve the outcome of survival?

A

Likely this will not be the case ⇒ 2 studies have found no survival benefit

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4
Q

what biomarker was associated with personality according to North 2014? Which type was lower?

A

inflammation /inflammatory markers
- conscientiousness was lower

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5
Q

what personality traits are associated with longevity in men vs women according to North 2014

A
  • Conscientious or openness for men
  • Agreeableness and emotional stability for women
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6
Q

How might culture affect which traits are desirable? How do we get people to adhere to care?

A

If we teach young students certain traits about adherence to care or if we implement them in certain programs we may find success in getting certain behaviors

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7
Q

what role might personality testing serve in medical care?

A

Personality testing may allow for doctors to make medical care more personable
- They may be better able to assess who will conform to their medications/not

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8
Q

what is a nerotic personality according to Chan 2014?

A

Tendencies to respond with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss

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9
Q

how is neuroticism related to health according to chan 2014

A

This is related to negative health outcomes ⇒ increased mental health issues

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10
Q

what big 5 characteristic traits lead to positive health outcomes for people who are neurotic?

A

Conscientiousness people often live longer

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11
Q

how does neuroticism lead to positive health outcomes sometimes?

A

They use anxiety from neuroticism in a positive way ⇒ refrain from detrimental behaviors
- They also have lower levels of inflammation due to healthier behaviors and better
stress responses ⇒ dampen their stress response to do good work

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12
Q

what is a conscientious personality according to Roberts 2014

A

The propensity to be self controlled, responsible to others, hard working, orderly, and rule abiding
- Grit and delay of gratification

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13
Q

how is conscientiousness beneficial according to Roberts 2014?

A

It predicts health and longevity, occupational success, marital stability, academic achievement, and wealth

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14
Q

is conscientiousness changeable according to Roberts 2014?

A

Personality traits are consistent but have systematic changes across the lifetime
- They are important for character development but they are changeable
- There is a moral argument against it

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15
Q

should interventions be used to increase conscientiousness

A

It is highly controversial
- Cannot provide a clear guide

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16
Q

according to Ruairi Robertson, what role might gut bacteria play in our health

A
  • Digesting foods
  • Responding medicine
  • Control blood sugar and cholesterol
  • Risk of diseases
  • Involved in almost every function in your body like a second brain
  • Balance of microbes can help stave off disease
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17
Q

how can our behavior cultivate a healthy microbiome according to Ruairi Robertson?

A

We can design interventions to prevent and treat chronic diseases
- Types of fat we eat
- Memory, stress behaviors, and stress hormone levels in animals
- Lists of foods that act as prebiotics or stimulate growth of healthy bacteria inside our intestines

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18
Q

what environments are identified as important in shaping our eating behaviors according to Jamie Oliver?

A

Cooking at home, teaching cooking at school, pass on cooking to your friends and family
- use local funding to get schools working with better food every year

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19
Q

what can be done to make food influences more positive according to Jamie Oliver?

A

Corporate responsibility, making food more central to our public administrative, free cooking lessons, teaching one another how to cook more, etc.
- Garden set ups, farm to school getups, etc.

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20
Q

What is the evolutionary hypothesis concerning overeating according to Kolbert 2009?

A

Supposedly people with a genetic tract for storing fat would have a competitive advantage for survival
- Genetics that support fat gain wouldn’t always be necessary because often too many people died
- Obesity wouldn’t be helpful for hunting and gathering

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21
Q

What is the health economics hypothesis? What is meant by “conditioned hyper-eating”?

A

Americans put on pounds because it made financial sense for them to do so
- Food got cheaper than the past few decades and fattening foods became a bargain

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22
Q

What is the “size acceptance” movement?

A

Rejecting that fat people are seen as disgusting and abhorrent, and instead taking a different approach socially to being “fat”. Aligns itself more with corporations like McDonalds and against the ones trying to implement better food choices in schools, etc.
- Claims that some people are just meant to be fat

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23
Q

do diets work according to spiesel 2007?

A

Likely it does not work very well

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24
Q

how did Mann and colleagues answer the dieting question?

A
  1. Random control trials for calorie restricted diets and non for 2 ½ years
    - Average dieting weight loss between 2.5 and 10.5 years was less than 2.5 lbs
  2. Long term studies over 4 years ⇒ no long term effect because people gained
    weight back
  3. Some studies found that dieting lead to weight gain in the long run
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25
Q

what are reasons for the dieting outcome?

A

Dieters are more likely to binge eat and calories consumed may be more tightly held on to by the body
- Weight cycling may cause additional basic health problems

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26
Q

What does Mann have to say about the effectiveness of diets?

A

Diets are not effective and its something that everyone deals with
- We have a near constant temptation environment
- according to biology and psychology weight gain is your body’s evolved response to starvation

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27
Q

what role do genes play in dieting?

A

The bodies that could use energy efficiently with small amounts of food were the most successful at passing on genes in the past
- Psychological pursuit of more foo is also involved in survival
- Your genetic code contains the blueprint for your body type
- Your body stays within its healthy weight range and when your weight goes outside of that it will try to push it into the range again

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28
Q

what is the evidence for the genetic role in dieting?

A

Twin studies are the evidence ⇒ 70% of peoples weight and 80% of variation
- It’s hard to make people obese as well if they are not within their genetic range

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29
Q

What brain changes occur during dieting that make it more difficult to resist
tempting food?

A

When your body thinks that you are starving, it will make you eat more food
- You are more likely to notice food and prefrontal cortex activity is diminished
- This is strong in obese people and gets stronger when you diet

30
Q

Why does losing fat tissue make you hungry?

A

Your body also hormonally changes and adipose tissue produce hormones
in sensations of hunger and fullness ⇒ “full hormones” (leptin) decrease
and the opposite hormones increase

31
Q

What happens to metabolism during dieting?

A

Your metabolism also changes when you lose weight your body burns fewer calories
- calories you ate to lose weight become too many when you get smaller

32
Q

What did Mann’s lab discover about stress and dieting?

A

Stress combines biological and psychological responses to not eating enough
- The negative emotional response leads to physical, cognitive, and behavioral changes
- Cortisol makes glucose get broken down but when we don’t use it it gets turned into fat
- Stress causes weight gain at a chemical level and may cause us to overeat, exercise less, etc.

33
Q

why does Michael Pollan suggests we “eat food”?

A

We eat a lot of unhealthy and unsustainable food which make us unhealthy
- Healthy eating involves mostly plants but not too much food in general
- Eat the kinds of things people have been eating for a long time
- Vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, grains ⇒ real food

34
Q

Where in the grocery store is most food to be found?

A

Good foods are the ones straight from the farms but the non processed stuff is not what we want. We want to to the produce section where we don’t see health claims because they don’t have packages
- The quieter the food the healthier the food

35
Q

What is the philosophy of NutritionFacts.org?

A

Healthful eating and nutrition research wont make money but your life will grow in profit
- Eating may prevent and reverse the progression of deadly diseases

36
Q

how does NutritionFacts.org put their philosophy into practice?

A

They do research, share their content, and take donations to offer free public service

37
Q

what does Abraham Verghasse believe is the important element often missing from modern medical
Practice?

A

A ritual for touch, comfort, diagnosis, etc. ⇒ being attentive and look at the patients without using our senses

38
Q

Why does Abraham Verghasse tell the story of Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle and Sir Joseph Bell?

A

Because he was attentive to the patient immediately before their visit

39
Q

what does Abraham Verghasse mean by the term “iPatient”?

A

A patient in the computer getting information from people all across america
- Due to our social interaction online but real patients don’t get see very often by the physicians and the patient is missing from the conversation

40
Q

What does Abraham Verghasse believe is the transformative message of the physical examination?

A

Having a ritual with the patient by earning the right to tell them things during the exchange
- Ritual of telling things to someone and allowing them to touch you is a very important ritual you are bypassing the opportunity to seal the physician patient relationship
- The physician will always be there to see the patient through and see them to the end

41
Q

What philosophy moved UCLA medical center from the 38th percentile for patient care
(according to US News & World Report) to the 99th percentile according to David Feinberg?

A

They changed their mission statement by promoting health for one patient at a time, they focused on kindness for each patient

42
Q

How did UCLA medical center change the emergency room?

A
  • They changed a conference room and made it into a fast track room for patients who didn’t need a bed
  • This helped to get rid of long wait times
  • They sat with patients and asked them how they can make things better
43
Q

how did UCLA medical center they change staff uniforms?

A

They changed their scrub colors to show which part of the team they worked with depending on their job position

44
Q

What staff makes rounds and why at UCLA medical center?

A

The entire group of resource people in the higher ups are all required to make rounds

45
Q

What does UCLA medical center do in board meetings to keep their focus on patient care?

A

They all need to talk about a success/failure with a patient at each board meeting

46
Q

What is UCLA medical center’s essential screening tool for job applicants?

A

Talent plus for service oriented

47
Q

What is the paradigm shift that America Brancho thinks is needed?

A

The discourse of what health care should be focused on ⇒ we are trying to find magic through people that don’t even live in the communities
- Outside doctors, government, etc.
- We should include the experts from the community such as the families
- Separating the problem from the person

48
Q

What is a community worker?

A

Someone who helps a community through any diseases or hardships they may be dealing with

49
Q

Why does America Bracho emphasize the change from labels like “diabetic” to “person with diabetes”?

A

It separates the person from their disease and gives them a sense of self

50
Q

What was the problem with Irma’s doctor suggesting she give up tortillas and take
evening walks to manage her diabetes?

A

She could not afford anything else most often and she could not go for walks because it was too dangerous

51
Q

How did Irma use her expertise to make healthy changes for herself and her community?

A

She and the other women in her community got together to try and help build a park/community center for the entire community since they did not have any access to them
- This would hopefully help with the children and their diabetes issues

52
Q

How does the Latino Health Access center make use of community member expertise?

A

They engage their hearts before heads by using previous patients as the new experts to help new patients ⇒ this way community is helping more community members

53
Q

Why is Esther Sternberg linking psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and place?

A

She had an experience where she was dealing with arthritis and then she went to Crete and came back feeling much better
- We feel calm when we look at certain things across all cultures and our brain specialized in the parahippocampal cortex which is rich with endorphins (feel good molecules)
- Place can make you happy and may also make you feel better

54
Q

What outcomes are associated with better hospital design?

A

This is associated with more feelings of calm and better patient outcomes. You can help people become more independent over time and try to reduce the stress response
- People have less falls, errors, infections, etc.
- People also need less treatments/money

55
Q

What does Esther Sternberg mean by the “layering of data” in medicine?

A

We should layer different data types to understand things such as data from the genome to the exposome and everything in between

56
Q

what are Esther Sternberg’s first 4 red layers?

A
  • Culture
  • Psychosocial
  • Physiology
  • genes/proteosome
57
Q

What is the reason for adding the green and blue layers?

A

Layering the environment on top of the human, biological, and emotional data to understand how our environment affects our health

58
Q

What does Esther Sternberg claim is the new frontier of health?

A

Person and place centered health and wellbeing
- Beyond removing toxins, toward adding features of the environment promoting emotional wellbeing
- Add human health to green design standards

59
Q

What role does Dempsey 2015 describe for designers in health settings?

A

Designers can help with visual tools for patients, digital experiences for physical therapy, and other systems to help aid healthcare workers
- They allow for the creation of usable products

60
Q

What does Dempsey 2015 see as the benefits of this work?

A

Instead of treating outcomes of bad habits, design can allow interactions that motivate people to make sustainable changes in their lives
- Health care fits into the patients whole life and design helps show that
- Patients constantly interact with health and wellness tools away from the hospitals

61
Q

How does the work of Mann and Rothman (non-clinical health psychologists) differ from that of Burns (clinical health psychologist)?

A
  1. Mann does teaching and research ⇒ social/health psychologist
    - PhD in psychology and trained for experimental social psychologist
    - Post doc HIV prevention ⇒ health psychology based
  2. Rothman is a social psychologist and does training/mentoring the next generation of psychologists, research
  3. Burns ⇒ works as an OBGYN but first got a bachelors in philosophy and then got a masters in counseling and a PhD at the U of M
    - First was asked to teach a group of residents in reproductive medicine
    - Also did some reproductive based research on parents who had infertility issues
62
Q

What are Mann, Rothman, & Burns work environments?

A
  1. Mann ⇒ classroom for 3-5 hours and time preparing as well as the research lab with undergrads or grad students, analyzing data, writing a paper/grant in her office
    - Has a constant variety and extreme flexibility
  2. Rothman ⇒ developing models for understanding behaviors for health interventions and collaborates with people in other disciplines to explain what interventions are best
  3. Burns ⇒ primarily does clinical work but still does some research and some teaching
    - Research is clinically based
63
Q

How do Mann, Rothman, & Burns work with people?

A
  1. Mann ⇒ teaches undergrads and grads
  2. Rothman ⇒ works with younger people to train them as well as working with agencies
  3. Burns ⇒ look at birthing as a whole family event and uses her training
    - Worked with a health psychology mentor and then helped with OBGYN research
    - Works often with women patients dealing with post partum depression, infertility, birthing, etc.
    - Also works with cancer patients
64
Q

How do the components found under Enhance Your Wellbeing in UMN Center for Spirituality & Healing, compare to the BPS Model?

A

It mentions having supporting social interactions and interpersonal relationships
- It also mentions positivity and gratitude
- This relates to the social and psychological parts of the BPS model

65
Q

What topics under Enhance Your Wellbeing and Navigate the Healthcare System from UMN Center for Spirituality & Healing were covered in our class?

A

We discussed how to reduce stress and some of the brain regions that light up with certain pleasurable or non pleasurable experiences which relate the well being
- It mentions that you are your own best advocate for health care which we also talked about in class

66
Q

How do the components of the Ornish program compare to the BPS Model?

A

These work on lifestyle changes without drugs which is comparable to BPS because that focuses more on human connection and psychological condition with a biological component

67
Q

Why is it called the Reversal Program for Ornish Lifestyle Medicine?

A

It has scientifically proven to reverse heart disease and is also working on Alzheimer’s disease by increasing their QOL

68
Q

How do the Power 9 “secrets” compare to the topics we have covered this semester for Aspen Institute?

A

They focus on eating good, connecting with one another, and moving ⇒ focusing on faith/purpose, drink red wine, plant based, and only eating 80% full, put loved ones first, belong to the right group of people ⇒ actively seeking out or born into
- similar to the healthy behaviors we talked about in class from previous weeks

69
Q

How is the “life radius” from Aspen Institute like the BPS Model?

A

It keeps the home, social network, and finally their purpose/volunteering
- They also looked at stores, workplaces, restaurants as well as school, faith, etc.
- These go out from the individual in rings kind of like the BPS model

70
Q

What are the Albert Lea examples of the “secrets”?

A
  • The leadership was aligned in minnesota
  • Made more walk zones around the lake
  • Re-worked the supermarkets and restaurants
  • Made community gardens
  • Reworked school routes so kids could walk to school
  • Made walking programs for people to reduce loneliness and helped lose weight
  • Went to work places and discussed how they could get people to change lifestyle choices

Health Psychology (9 decks)

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