Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Psychology > Exam 3: Patient care and healing > Flashcards

Exam 3: Patient care and healing Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

why do people seek treatment? (4)

A
  • Fear of symptoms
  • Number and severity of symptoms
  • Symptoms effects on work, recreational activities, plans and goals, and relationships
  • Social sanctioning by employer or family and friends ⇒you may want to ignore it but others won’t
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is treatment delayed? (3)

A
  • appraisal
  • illness
  • utilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

appraisal delay

A

occurs when we are slow to recognize we are having symptoms
- fatigue due to late nights instead of an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

illness delay

A

recognize we are ill but haven’t decided we are ill enough to go to the clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

utilization delay

A

when we know we should see a doctor and plan to go but havent taken steps to make it happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

reasons for delay (7)

A
  • Misinterpretation of symptoms
  • Fear of false alarms
  • Concerns of being a burden to someone
  • Interruption of plans ⇒ inconvenient
  • Many things to be done and arranged before a hospital stay
  • Financial concerns
  • Insurance concerns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

patient provider relationship components (7)

A
  • Communication
  • Evaluation
  • Diagnosis
  • Education ⇒ you to provider about symptoms and provider to you about condition and treatment options
  • Decision making ⇒ based on evaluation, diagnosis, and education
  • Treatment
  • Feedback and reevaluation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

interaction styles

A
  • active provider and passive patient
  • guidance based provider and cooperative patient
  • mutual cooperation (most used)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medical communication categories (3)

A
  • content
  • process
  • emotion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

content in medical communication

A

related to the medical condition or about the patient more broadly
- When pain begins, are there family members who are around, information like medication specifics, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

process in medical communication

A

used to facilitate a better exchange
- Ask the patient if they understand, use encouraging phrases, etc. to orient patient about medical visit and appointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

emotion in medical communication

A

provider shows warmth, concern, empathy, etc. difficulties created by diagnosis or illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

relationship obstacles for the patient (6)

A
  • Visit length ⇒ 15-20 minutes
  • Doctor interruption, inattentiveness, and depersonalization
  • Use of jargon and terminology
  • Patient anxiety, pain, and embarrassment
  • Literacy issues
  • Cultural differences/stereotypes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

relationship obstacles for the provider (6)

A
  • Tight schedule and waiting patients
  • Patient limited or biased disclosure
  • Patient beliefs and self treatment
  • Lack of feedback
  • Literacy issues ⇒ what patients need to do for testing and treatment
  • Cultural differences ⇒ different illness beliefs, uncomfortable, disclosure rules, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the overall rate of non adherence for patients?

A

15-93% => average is 26%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

non adherence across healthcare for patients (5)

A
  • Antibiotic use ⇒ ⅓
  • Missed health behavior appointments ⇒ 50-60%
  • Cardiac patient ⇒ 25-34%
  • Behavior change ⇒ 80%+
  • Medication ⇒ 85%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

creative nonadherence

A

when patients change their dosages or intake of medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what makes nonadherence worse? (4)

A
  • Treatment is long, complex, or frequent
  • Treatment interferes with life activities
  • Family is in distress or disorganized ⇒ unpredictable schedules
  • Patient has lower literacy, or income, or is depressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are patient complaint domains? (3)

A
  • Clinical ⇒ quality and safety
  • Management ⇒ institution and timing/access (how care is manages and treatment availability)
  • Relationships ⇒ communication and humaneness and patient rights
    → more financial and billing complains in the US where 39% were about communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

medical malpractice study

A

Levinson et al. 1997
- 59 primary care (family or internal medicine), mid to late career doctors ⇒ categorized by lawsuit history of >2 or 0
- Audio recordings, 10 visits per doctor
- Blind coded for content, process, and emotional content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

6 features of national academy of medicine quality care?

A
  • safe
  • effective
  • timely
  • efficient
  • equitable
  • patient centered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

safety according to NAM

A

avoiding harm to patients from the care intended to help them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

effectiveness according to NAM

A

providing services based on scientific knowledge and refraining from providing service to those not likely to benefit ⇒ underuse and misuse avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

timeliness according to NAM

A

reducing waits and harmful delays for those receiving and giving care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

efficiency according to NAM

A

avoiding waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

equitability according to NAM

A

care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics like gender, ethnicity, geography, SES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

patient centeredness according to NAM

A

respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values ⇒ ensuring patient values guide all decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

patient and family centered care (PFCC)

A

based on deep respect for patients as unique living beings and the obligation to care for them on their own terms
- Patients are known as persons in context of their own social world, listened to, informated, respected, and involved in their care ⇒ their wishes are honored during their healthcare journey (but not mindlessly enacted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

patient and family centered care principles (5)

A
  • Listening to patients and families
  • Establishing relationships with patients and families
  • Sharing information
  • Facilitating choice
  • Patient involvement in decisions and treatment
30
Q

components for patient centered medical home (PCMH) (5)

A
  1. Comprehensive care
  2. Patient centered care
  3. Coordinated care
  4. Accessible services
  5. Quality and safety
    → transform primary care ⇒ guidelines and tools
31
Q

comprehensive care

A

physicians, advanced nurses, social workers, educators, care coordinators, nutritionists, etc. ⇒ may be virtual teams too

32
Q

patient centered care

A

healthcare that is relationship based oriented toward the whole person ⇒ understanding and respecting each patients unique needs, culture, and practices

33
Q

coordinated care

A

primary care coordinates across broader elements like specialty, hospital, home health care, and community care
- Discharged patients need this

34
Q

accessible services

A

shorter waiting times for urgent needs, enhanced in person hours, telephone, electronic access, alternative methods of communication like calls or emails

35
Q

quality and safety

A

commitment to quality and quality improvement such as evidence based medicine and clinical decision support tools
- Health management, satisfaction, data, improvement activities, etc.

36
Q

patient centered care outcomes (5)

A
  • Symptoms improvement
  • Health status
  • Patient satisfaction
  • Patient self management
  • Medical adherence
37
Q

health outcome assesments

A

self report and objective assessment ⇒ assessed by clinicians or found in medical records

38
Q

what did the systematic review of patient experience ratings find after communication training? (3)

A

⅔ of the associations are positive:
- Adherence ⇒ 1.6 x higher with communication training
- Preventive service use ⇒ screening services and immunizations
- Safety ⇒ reductions in bed sores and infections
Note: especially strong for medical adherence

39
Q

what were components of the systematic review of randomized control trials for communication training?

A

provider focused intervention ⇒ communication training
- Motivation, empathy, and communications
- Printed materials as well as feedback to providers and communication coaching to patients ⇒ objectively measured

40
Q

outcomes of the systematic review for provider focused interventions (6)

A
  • HRQOL
  • Pain relief
  • Anxiety and depression
  • Weight loss
  • Blood pressure
  • Smoking cessation
    → small, but significant effects ⇒ there are rarely 1 completely determining factor
41
Q

how are care and outcomes related? Directly and indirectly?

A
  • May directly affect health outcomes or may have an indirect influence on psychological changes or influence the way a patient uses resources
  • Differs on context and outcome of interest
42
Q

components of communication between patients and providers (3)

A
  • Information exchange
  • Relationship development
  • Support for self management
43
Q

why is PFCC right regardless of medical outcome due to ethics

A
  • This care should be the goal because it is ethically right
  • It would be difficult to get all practices to invest time and resources without incentive
  • Medicare payments are now linked to patient and caregiving experiences for health professionals
44
Q

what can providers do for patients? (12)

A
  • Show warmth ⇒ greet with a smile, address by name and say goodbye with their name
  • Give process and orientation info ⇒ what happens during the visit and instructions you need from them (surgery buddy)
  • Slow down and use simple language ⇒ no jargon but no baby talk
  • Limit info and repeat it, use teach/show back ⇒ just give essentials and repeat them, have them repeat back (teach back) which helps with memory and check for misunderstanding
  • Show or draw pictures ⇒ helps with understanding and memory
  • Listen and show empathy ⇒ eye contact, repeating back, expressing concern/understanding
  • Provide a shame free environment ⇒ keep judgement out of the encounter which blocks empathy and understanding as well as prevents patients from sharing information
  • Encourage questions
  • Support patient participation and self management ⇒ give symptom lists and goal setting with patient
  • Engage family members ⇒ provide, gather, and be part of the treatment plan when appropriate
  • Engage the community ⇒ host/participate in community health events, info booths, etc.
  • Consider using technology for support and follow up
45
Q

what are the 4 questions providers should ask?

A
  • What is the worst thing about your health situation
  • What in your life helps to make the situation better
  • What does medical care do that helps make the situation better
  • What does medical care do that doesn’t help your situation or makes it worse
46
Q

what is the STEPS program?

A

free online training module for medical practices
- 49 modules for making improvement
- CME credit for providers
- Developed by stanford university school of medicine

47
Q

what are the 3 target domains for medical practice transformation

A
  1. interpersonal
  2. clinical
  3. structural
    → useful for identifying domains of change for patients ⇒ these are not exclusive and can overlap with one another
48
Q

interpersonal

A

affect the relationship between the providers and patients
- Listening, creating an atmosphere of trust, welcoming participation of family and friends, etc.

49
Q

clinical

A

affect the provision of care
- Shared decision making, supporting self management, coordinating community resources-

50
Q

structural

A

aspects of the clinical environment
- Providing a calm and welcoming space, making an easy appointment process, supporting the patient and clinician before, during, and after encounters with information technology

51
Q

cultural competency

A

greater cultural competency leads to better patient care based on physicians understanding of various cultures and extending their knowledge during treatments

52
Q

what did Truong, Pradies, and Priest do?

A

reviewed 19 different reviews for interventions designed to increase access and effectiveness of healthcare service to people of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds
- used provider training for cultural knowledge, attitude awareness and change, skills to increase trust and disclosure of symptoms, beliefs, explanations, and behaviors

53
Q

what was the results of Truong, prides, and priest studies? Most effective method?

A

provider behavior improved from the interventions => more modest changes in patient outcomes
- most effective method to change patient behaviors were culturally specific patient navigators and community health workers was the most effective for changing behaviors and access utilization ⇒ people who can provide translation and guidance during medical visits

54
Q

Mobile health (mHealth)

A

technology used to support patient health ⇒ most common is SMS aka text messaging to patients
- Second most common is specialized applications like symptom checks, food diaries, and patient education ⇒ some added BPM’s, glucometers, and others

55
Q

what does review of mHealth show for patient inprovement? (3)

A
  • 27 RCTs for patient care, 56% improved
  • 41 RCTs disease specific outcome, 39% improved ⇒ diabetes, chronic lung disease, CVD
  • 40% used SMS, 23% used specialized apps
56
Q

what is mHealth usability like? (3)

A
  • Diverse populations, including low income, elderly, and bilingual
  • Reported good comprehension and satisfaction
  • Some did have difficulty with technology or device
57
Q

what is patient care and participation like for mHealth? (4)

A
  • Led to increased self management awareness and disease knowledge
  • Increased patient confidence and sense of control
  • Decreased anxiety because of feeling monitored
  • Less burdened and evaluated than by a clinical visit
58
Q

what social media apps are most frequently used for healthcare information?

A

Facebook, blogs, Twitter, and YouTube

59
Q

what is the biggest benefit of social media healthcare information?

A

increased accessibility ⇒ information, symptoms regardless of geography

60
Q

what is the biggest limitation of social media healthcare information?

A

information quality and consistency ⇒ sources differ and so does information

61
Q

what are benefits and limitations of social media use?

A

Social media use data is important to reduce stigmas and provide consultations
- Benefits include accessibility, social support, and social interaction
- Limitations differ across groups but all users have concerns about information quality, reliability, and privacy ⇒ risk inadequate diagnosis and treatment

62
Q

recommendations to help patients improve their medical care (8)

A
  1. Tell your story well ⇒ clear, complete, and accurate
  2. Be a good historian ⇒ when your symptoms started, treatments tried, progression of illness, medical history in the family, etc.
  3. Be a good record keeper ⇒ test results, referrals, admissions, medications, etc.
  4. Be an informed consumer ⇒ illness (read about it), procedures, medications (generic and brand names, time to take, amount to take, side effects, food/drug interactions)
  5. Take charge of managing your health ⇒ use the ask me 3 questions recommended to ask when you have an appointment (make sure all doctors know what others are planning)
  6. Know the test results ⇒ don’t assume no news is good news, find out what to do next
  7. Follow up ⇒ see when you should follow up, what to expect of treatment, what to do with new symptoms or feeling worse
  8. Make sure it is the right diagnosis ⇒ ask what else it could be not just the most likely thing
63
Q

what 3 questions should you ask when taking charge of maintaining your health?

A
  • What is my main problem
  • What do I need to do
  • Why is it important to do so
64
Q

what is the power of place?

A

Can inspire, motivate, encourage, relax, and restore patients/families

65
Q

what was the first research done on place in medical facilities?

A

Ulrich 1980’s
- patients were assigned to 2 types where 1 had trees and others had a brick wall
Nature view had shorter hospital stays, less medication, fewer post op complications

66
Q

what did we have in ancient modern medicine?

A

appreciation in environment for aiding healing
- There is acknowledgement into the 19th century in healing resorts by lakes or seasides where fresh air is encouraged

67
Q

what are evidence based design (EBD) components? (6)

A

Environmental features that benefit patients
- Identical rooms ⇒ routine tasks are easier and reduce medical errors
- Single bed rooms ⇒ less infection
- Easy clean furniture ⇒ less infection
- Lighting ⇒ medicine dispensing errors
- Automated sinks ⇒ increase time staff spend washing their hands but with limitations
- Non slip floors and support rails ⇒ reduce patient falls and injuries on the way to bathrooms where most injuries take place

68
Q

what are 2 levels of EBD control?

A
  1. patient control
  2. noise control
69
Q

patient control

A

patient uses a tablet to control beds, lights, window shades, room temp, television, and access to medical records

70
Q

noise control

A

noise from staff, other patients talking, medical equipment are associated with slower recovery and less comfort and reduced sleep
- Also reverberated sounds which bounce off of smooth surfaces ⇒ Wall covering and carpets reduce this

71
Q

how do we connect EBD and nature?

A
  • Visual distraction
  • Natural art ⇒ most helpful
  • Real nature
72
Q

what happens when patients see real nature from their hospital room?

A

patients prefer windows that look at nature and human activity
- Less delusions and hallucinations
- Everyone prefers to be surrounded by a natural setting ⇒ gardens help with pain, satisfaction, and navigation through healthcare environment

Health Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions