Supplemental for LE1 Flashcards
as the term implies, focuses on the earliest attempts to
understand how traits are inherited by offspring from their parents.
classical genetics
is an Augustinian monk who is considered the
father of classical genetics
Gregor mendel
peas scientific name
Pisum sativum
According to Mendel, these traits
are controlled by hereditary units, which he called
elementen
Each
unit in a gene pair is called an
allele
An allele is ___if it masks the expression of the other allele when theyoccur together in a gene pair
dominant
The genes that constitute an individual is known as its
genotype
If a
gene pair is made up of identical alleles (e.g. YY or yy), the genotype is
considered to be
homozygous
On the other hand, if the genotype is made
up of non-identical alleles (e.g. Yy), it is
heterozygous
The biological trait
specified by the genotype is the
phenotypic
Mendel’s first principle of inheritance is the
principle of independent segregation
states that the alleles of a gene pair separate from each other
during gamete formation so that they are distributed into different gametes.
principle of indepdendent segregation
states that the alleles of a gene pair separate from each other
during gamete formation so that they are distributed into different gametes.
chromosomes
The specific region occupied by a gene or allele in a
chromosome is known as a l
locus
One chromosome
may carry several genes along its length which constitute a
linkage group
given 2n=4 give the following chromosome number from G1 to T
g1 - 4
s - 4
g2 - 4
p - 4
m - 4
a - 8
t - 4
given 2n=4 give the following chromatid number from G1 to T
g1 - 4
s - 8
g2 - 8
p - 8
m - 8
a - 8
t - 4
given 2n=4 give the following homologous chromosomes number from G1 to T
g1 - 2
s - 2
g2 - 2
p - 2
m - 2
a - 4
t - 2
given 2n=4 give the following monad number from G1 to T
g1 - 4
s - 0
g2 - 0
p - 0
m -0
a - 8
t - 4
given 2n=4 give the following dyad number from G1 to T
g1 - 0
s - 4
g2 - 4
p - 4
m - 4
a -0
t -0
given 2n=4 give the following tetradnumber from G1 to T
all 0
given 2n=4 give the following centromeres number from G1 to T
g1 - 4
s - 4
g2 - 4
p - 4
m - 4
a - 8
t - 4
given 2n=4 give the following genetic content number from G1 to T
g1 - 2c
s - 4c
g2 - 4c
p - 4c
m -4c
a - 4c
t - 2c
given 2n=4 give the following chromosome number from G1 to T2
g1 - 4
s - 4
g2 - 4
p1 - 4
m1 - 4
a1 - 4
t1 - 2
p2 - 2
m2 - 2
a2 - 2
t2 -2
given 2n=4 give the following genetic content number from G1 to T2
g1 - 2c
s - 4c
g2 - 4c
p1 - 4c
m1 - 4c
a1 - 4c
t1 - 2c
p2 - 2c
m2 -2c
a2 - 2c
t2 - 1c
given 2n=4 give the following homologous chromosome number from G1 to T2
g1 - 2
s - 2
g2 - 2
p1 - 2
m1 - 2
a1 - 2
t1 - 0
p2 - 0
m2 -0
a2 2
t2 - 0
given 2n=4 give the following monad number from G1 to T2
g1 - 4
s - 0
g2 - 0
p1 - 0
m1 - 0
a1 - 0
t1 - 0
p2 - 0
m2 -0
a2 4
t2 - 2
given 2n=4 give the following dyad number from G1 to T2
g1 - 0
s - 4
g2 - 4
p1 - 0
m1 -0
a1 - 0
t1 - 2
p2 - 2
m2 -2
a2 0
t2 - 0
given 2n=4 give the following tetrads number from G1 to T2
g1 - 0
s - 0
g2 - 0
p1 - 2
m1 -2
a1 - 2
t1 - 0
p2 - 0
m2 -0
a2 0
t2 - 0
given 2n=4 give the following centromere number from G1 to T2
g1 - 4
s - 4
g2 - 4
p1 - 4
m1 -4
a1 - 4
t1 - 2
p2 - 2
m2 -2
a2 4
t2 -2
given 2n=4 give the following chromatids number from G1 to T2
g1 - 4
s - 8
g2 - 8
p1 - 8
m1 -8
a1 - 8
t1 - 4
p2 - 4
m2 -4
a2 4
t2 -2
includes simple staining to observe chromosome appearance in the
various stages of mitosis and meiosis under the microscope and over the
years, it has advanced to include a detailed analysis of DNA fibers using
fluorescence microscopy and image analysis (
cytogenetics
Prokaryotes, and rarely in eukaryotes, also
have extrachromosomal DNA elements called
plasmids
Bacterial DNA is associated with certain proteins known as
HU and H
caus
tighter packaging and increases the density of the circular DNA
supercoils
Chromatin can be of two types:
euchromatin
heterochromatin
is a less densely packed region and appears dispersed in the nucleus
euchromatin
is a very densely packed region usually found
in the area of the centromere.
heterochromatin
The nucleosome coils further to form a
30-nm fiber or ___ which has six nucleosomes per turn and condenses
the DNA approximately 40-fold.
solenoid
