Introduction to Genetics (E-Book) Flashcards
What is the general process by which traits controlled by genes are transmitted from generation to generation?
Transmission genetics
Transmission genetics focuses on how genetic information is passed through gametes.
What technology revolutionized genetics and was the foundation for the Human Genome Project?
Recombinant DNA technology
This technology combines genetics with information technology.
Name one application of CRISPR-Cas technology.
Editing genomes
CRISPR-Cas allows for precise editing of genes across various organisms.
What are two systems developed for gene modification besides CRISPR-Cas?
- Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs)
- Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)
These systems are currently undergoing clinical trials.
What does CRISPR stand for?
Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats
CRISPR is an RNA molecule synthesized to match DNA sequences.
True or False: Genetic technology is developing at a slower pace than the policies governing its use.
False
Genetic technology is developing faster than the policies and laws that govern its use.
What ethical concerns are raised by the genetic modification of human germ cells or embryos?
Unintended negative consequences for future generations
Modifications may affect the genetic information carried by descendants.
What was the theory proposed by William Harvey regarding organism development?
Theory of epigenesis
This theory states that an organism develops through successive developmental events from the fertilized egg.
Who proposed the cell theory in the 1830s?
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
The cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells derived from preexisting cells.
What did Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection explain?
Mechanism of evolutionary change
Natural selection is based on the struggle for survival among individuals with heritable traits.
Fill in the blank: The revolutionary work of _____ and _____ set the stage for the development of genetics in the 20th century.
Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel
Their work provided critical insights into evolution and inheritance.
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
Heredity and development depend on genetic information in genes contained in chromosomes
This theory was established in the early 20th century.
What did Gregor Mendel’s research in 1866 demonstrate?
How traits are passed from generation to generation
Mendel’s work laid the foundation for the field of genetics.
What is the most commonly used Cas nuclease in CRISPR technology?
Cas9
Cas9 is a DNA-cutting enzyme used in many laboratory experiments.
What was one of the applications of CRISPR-Cas technology in agriculture?
Creating disease-resistant strains of crops
This includes crops like wheat and rice.
True or False: The ideas of Hippocrates and Aristotle about heredity were based on modern genetic principles.
False
Their ideas were primitive and lacked scientific basis as understood today.
in the twenty-first century is built on a rich
tradition of discovery and experimentation stretching
from the ancient world through the nineteenth century
to the present day
genetics
is the general process by which
traits controlled by genes are transmitted through
gametes from generation to generation
transmission genetics
can be used in genetic crosses to
map the location and distance between genes on
chromosomes
mutant strains
what model of DNA structure explains
how genetic information is stored and expressed.
Watson-Crick Model
foundation of molecular genetics.
Watson-Crick Model
revolutionized genetics,
was the foundation for the Human Genome Project, and
has generated new fields that combine genetics with
information technology
recombinant DNA technology
what does recombinant DNA technology enabled (3)
revolutionized genetics
foundation for Human Genome Project
generated new fields that combine genetics with information technology
provides genetically modified organisms and their products that are used across a wide range of fields including agriculture, medicine, and industry
biotechnology