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Introductory Genetics > Genetics: Definition, Application, and History > Flashcards

Genetics: Definition, Application, and History Flashcards

1
Q

alteration in the DNA sequences; causes DNA variation

A

mutation

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2
Q

study of heredity and variation

A

genetics

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3
Q

who coined the term genetics

A

William Bateson

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4
Q

 GEN means

A

beginning

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5
Q

 GEN means beginning in what language

A

Greek

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6
Q

is the father of modern medicine

A

Hippocrates

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7
Q

is the father of biology

A

Aristotle

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8
Q

title of Charles Darwin’s book

A

Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life

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9
Q

suggesting that every part of the body produces tiny particles called “gemmules” which travel to the reproductive cells and are passed on to offspring

A

theory of pangenesis

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10
Q

tiny particles of the body that travel to the reproductive cells and are passed to offsprings (developed by Charles Darwin)

A

gemmules

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11
Q

theory of pangenesis is developed by

A

Charles Darwin

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12
Q
  • states that only the genetic material in the germ cells (sex cells) is passed on to offspring, rejecting the idea that changes in the body during an organism’s life can be inherited (contradicting the concept of pangenesis).
A

germplasm theory

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13
Q

who developed the Germplasm theory

A

August Weissman

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14
Q

developed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

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15
Q
  • Hereditary characteristics are determined by elementary unit Mendelian Factor (GENES) transmitted between generation in uniform predictable fashion

developed by who

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q
  • is the study of how genes are passed down from parents to their offspring
A

transmission genetics

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17
Q
  • is the combination of traits that make up a person’s personality
A

character

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18
Q

a single characteristic or quality

A

contrasting trait

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19
Q

control unit of the cell

A

nucleus

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20
Q

hereditary material resides in the nucleus

stated by who

A

Ernst Haeckel

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21
Q

genetic material of eukaryotes

A

DNA

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22
Q

genetic material of bacteria

A

DNA

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23
Q

genetic bacteria of viruses

A

DNA or RNA

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24
Q

a single chromatid is called this

A

chromatid

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25
sister chromatids; chromosome
dyad
26
similar but not identical
homologous chromosomes
27
- One of the pair contains paternally-derived alleles and other contains maternally-derived alleles
homologous chromosomes
28
a human has how many chromosomes
2n = 46
29
1 -22 chromosomes
autosomes
30
23 chromosomes
sex cells
31
male
XY
32
female
XX
33
is a test that examines chromosomes in cells to identify genetic disorders. It's important because it can help diagnose genetic diseases, birth defects, and blood disorders.
karyotyping
34
is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome
trisomy 21
35
– short arm, comes from the French word petit means “small
petite
36
long arm, since it is after the p arm
q arm
37
chromosomal theory of inheritance
Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri
38
states that genes are located on chromosomes, and the behavior of these chromosomes during meiosis explains how traits are inherited from parents to offspring,
chromosomal theory of inheritance
39
coined Genetics, Homozygote, Hereozygote, Epistasis
William Bateson
40
An organism that has identical copies of a gene, or alleles, for a specific trait.
Homozygote
41
- An organism that has different copies of a gene, or alleles, for a specific trait.
heterozygote
42
- a genetic phenomenon where the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of other genes
epistasis
43
- is a gene variant that is expressed when present in an organism
dominant gene
44
– is a section of DNA that has a low chance of being expressed in an organism
recessive gene
45
first filial generation
f1
46
second filial generation
F2
47
set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype
phenotype
48
lethal genes are ___ genes
dominant
49
– father of modern genetics
thomas hunt morgan
50
chromosomes fail to separate during cell division
non disjunction
51
- are nucleic acids (RNA) that have been shown to have catalytic ability, which means they can act as enzymes.
ribozymes
52
chargaff rules state
the amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of thymine (T) and the amount of guanine is equal to that of cytosine (C) in an organism.
53
45. DNA is negatively charged due to
phosphate
54
is also called as transcription
RNA synthesis
55
is also called as translation
protein synthesis
56
DNA synthesis is called
replication
57
nucleoside with additional phosphate groups
nucleotide
58
is made up of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar, like ribose
nucleoside
59
segment of DNA or RNA that contains instructions for making proteins
genes
60
Archaea is closer to what domain
Eukarya
61
three great milestone in genetics
Gregor mendel rules of inheritance francis Crick model for DNA structure human genome project
62
is the study of heredity and variation
genetics
63
means to become or to grow
GEN
64
stated that hereditary material resides in the nucleus
Ernst Haeckel
65
successfully isolated nuclein from pus cells obtained from discarded bandages
Johann Friedrich Miescher
66
stated that chromosomes are condensed form of material found in the nucleus
Wilhem von Waldeyer
67
stated that specific chromosomes are responsible for determining sex in animals
clarence erwin mcclung
68
develoepd the concept of linkage and modifier genes
william bateson reginald punnett
69
application of genetics
plant and animal improvement medicine genetic counseling legal applications genetic engineering

Introductory Genetics (21 decks)

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