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Introductory Genetics > Genetics: Definition, Application, and History > Flashcards

Genetics: Definition, Application, and History Flashcards

1
Q

alteration in the DNA sequences; causes DNA variation

A

mutation

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2
Q

study of heredity and variation

A

genetics

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3
Q

who coined the term genetics

A

William Bateson

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4
Q

 GEN means

A

beginning

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5
Q

 GEN means beginning in what language

A

Greek

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6
Q

is the father of modern medicine

A

Hippocrates

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7
Q

is the father of biology

A

Aristotle

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8
Q

title of Charles Darwin’s book

A

Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life

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9
Q

suggesting that every part of the body produces tiny particles called “gemmules” which travel to the reproductive cells and are passed on to offspring

A

theory of pangenesis

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10
Q

tiny particles of the body that travel to the reproductive cells and are passed to offsprings (developed by Charles Darwin)

A

gemmules

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11
Q

theory of pangenesis is developed by

A

Charles Darwin

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12
Q
  • states that only the genetic material in the germ cells (sex cells) is passed on to offspring, rejecting the idea that changes in the body during an organism’s life can be inherited (contradicting the concept of pangenesis).
A

germplasm theory

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13
Q

who developed the Germplasm theory

A

August Weissman

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14
Q

developed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

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15
Q
  • Hereditary characteristics are determined by elementary unit Mendelian Factor (GENES) transmitted between generation in uniform predictable fashion

developed by who

A

Gregor Mendel

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16
Q
  • is the study of how genes are passed down from parents to their offspring
A

transmission genetics

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17
Q
  • is the combination of traits that make up a person’s personality
A

character

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18
Q

a single characteristic or quality

A

contrasting trait

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19
Q

control unit of the cell

A

nucleus

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20
Q

hereditary material resides in the nucleus

stated by who

A

Ernst Haeckel

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21
Q

genetic material of eukaryotes

A

DNA

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22
Q

genetic material of bacteria

A

DNA

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23
Q

genetic bacteria of viruses

A

DNA or RNA

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24
Q

a single chromatid is called this

A

chromatid

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25
Q

sister chromatids; chromosome

A

dyad

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26
Q

similar but not identical

A

homologous chromosomes

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27
Q
  • One of the pair contains paternally-derived alleles and other contains maternally-derived alleles
A

homologous chromosomes

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28
Q

a human has how many chromosomes

29
Q

1 -22 chromosomes

30
Q

23 chromosomes

31
Q

male

32
Q

female

33
Q

is a test that examines chromosomes in cells to identify genetic disorders. It’s important because it can help diagnose genetic diseases, birth defects, and blood disorders.

A

karyotyping

34
Q

is a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome

A

trisomy 21

35
Q

– short arm, comes from the French word petit means “small

36
Q

long arm, since it is after the p arm

37
Q

chromosomal theory of inheritance

A

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

38
Q

states that genes are located on chromosomes, and the behavior of these chromosomes during meiosis explains how traits are inherited from parents to offspring,

A

chromosomal theory of inheritance

39
Q

coined Genetics, Homozygote, Hereozygote, Epistasis

A

William Bateson

40
Q

An organism that has identical copies of a gene, or alleles, for a specific trait.

A

Homozygote

41
Q
  • An organism that has different copies of a gene, or alleles, for a specific trait.
A

heterozygote

42
Q
  • a genetic phenomenon where the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of other genes
43
Q
  • is a gene variant that is expressed when present in an organism
A

dominant gene

44
Q

– is a section of DNA that has a low chance of being expressed in an organism

A

recessive gene

45
Q

first filial generation

46
Q

second filial generation

47
Q

set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype

48
Q

lethal genes are ___ genes

49
Q

– father of modern genetics

A

thomas hunt morgan

50
Q

chromosomes fail to separate during cell division

A

non disjunction

51
Q
  • are nucleic acids (RNA) that have been shown to have catalytic ability, which means they can act as enzymes.
52
Q

chargaff rules state

A

the amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of thymine (T) and the amount of guanine is equal to that of cytosine (C) in an organism.

53
Q
  1. DNA is negatively charged due to
54
Q

is also called as transcription

A

RNA synthesis

55
Q

is also called as translation

A

protein synthesis

56
Q

DNA synthesis is called

A

replication

57
Q

nucleoside with additional phosphate groups

A

nucleotide

58
Q

is made up of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar, like ribose

A

nucleoside

59
Q

segment of DNA or RNA that contains instructions for making proteins

60
Q

Archaea is closer to what domain

61
Q

three great milestone in genetics

A

Gregor mendel rules of inheritance

francis Crick model for DNA structure

human genome project

62
Q

is the study of heredity and variation

63
Q

means to become or to grow

64
Q

stated that hereditary material resides in the nucleus

A

Ernst Haeckel

65
Q

successfully isolated nuclein from pus cells obtained from discarded bandages

A

Johann Friedrich Miescher

66
Q

stated that chromosomes are condensed form of material found in the nucleus

A

Wilhem von Waldeyer

67
Q

stated that specific chromosomes are responsible for determining sex in animals

A

clarence erwin mcclung

68
Q

develoepd the concept of linkage and modifier genes

A

william bateson
reginald punnett

69
Q

application of genetics

A

plant and animal improvement

medicine

genetic counseling

legal applications

genetic engineering

Introductory Genetics (19 decks)

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