Superpowers Set 3 Flashcards
Intellectual property rights
- Est 1967
- Ensures new inventions or trademarks etc can be protected from use by others
- Criticised as the holders don’t have to make the product available which can be bad in medicine etc
Infringements on IP
- Counterfeit goods make up 10% of global trade - results in 100s of thousands of jobs lost
- Costs G20 nations $85 billion a year
- China didn’t sign the 2011 anti-counterfeit trade agreement
- 70% of all fake goods from China
- 22 fake apples stores in China in 2011
- 72,000 jobs lost in the UK
- 99% fake iPhone chargers are unsafe
How much did China invest into Africa
$84 billion between 2000-2014
Reasons for Chinese investment into Africa
- Secure raw materials for Chinese industry - 1/3 of China’s investment in mining
- To develop African countries as a market for Chinese products
- To increase China’s global political influence
Challenges of China’s intervention in Africa
- Chinese workers take 200,000 African jobs in 2014
- Few long-term jobs in mining etc
- Cheap Chinese products undercut local suppliers
Positives of Chinas intervention in Africa
- Invested heavily in transport links
- Funded HEP products which produce 6780MW of electricity to the continent
Environmental impacts of China’s intervention into Africa
- Illegal deforestation in Mozambique
- Oil spills in Chad and Angola
Evolution of earths economic centre of gravity
Was initially in Asia before shifting to Europe - after 1950 it began to return to Asia - Now back in central Asia
China’s belt and road imitative
- secures access to trade routes and increases political influence
- Aims to connect China to USA and Europe
— Infrastructure projects — - $3.1 billion oil pipeline in Malaysia
- Eastern Ethiopian industrial zone
How has Chinas belt and road initiative increase China’s influence
- created financial partnerships
- Italy has been the 1st western nation to join
why is the maritime silk road crucial to the imitative
- Land routes have limited potential for large-scale transport
- China claims 80% of the south China sea
Debt trap diplomacy
- creating debt through excessively lending in order to extract concessions
Reasons for conflict in the middle east - Religion
Islam is the main religion - two main branches of the religion with Saudi Arabia being one and Iran being the other
Reason for conflict in the middle east - Resources
Some countries here are global energy superpowers due to huge oil and gas reserves - many foreign nations such as the UK are dependent on oil from the middle east - more use of renewables = less involvement in the middle east
Reason for conflict in the middle east - History
Borders drawn by colonial powers and don’t reflect the geography of religious groups etc
Arb spring
2011 uprising - pro democracy and human rights - affected most of the middle east with some governments being overthrown
What is a proxy war
wars instigated by a power which mat not get directly involved in the conflict
The middle Easts cold war
- Saudi Arabia and Iran both enemies but never fight directly
- 1979 Iranian revolution replaced the gov with Muslim leaders - Saudi Arabia feared this would happen to them to
- Iran help groups in Iran and Saudi who aim to overthrow the government
- Saudi Arabia helped Iraq when it was fighting Iran
Challenges for Superpowers - The EU
- $10 Trillion in debt in 2019
- Youth unemployment at 15%
- Energy security has become a key issue
Challenges for Superpowers - USA
- $24.95 Trillion in debt
- Race relations are strained e.g. BLM in 2020
- 2/3 of adults are overweight
Debt crisis of 2007/08
- Caused by sub-prime lending by US banks to low income earners who could never normally afford mortgages
- US investment bank collapsed as a result
- Lloyd’s bank had to be bailed out by government money and the Royal bank of Scotland had to be nationalised
Naval power
- UK spent 4% GDP on defence during the Falklands war 1982
Nuclear weapons
UK updated Trident nuclear deterrent which will cost $250 billion over 50 years
Air power
USA have 3318 aircraft
