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Human Geography > Superpowers Case studies > Flashcards

Superpowers Case studies Flashcards

1
Q

Brazil

A

PROS
- Culturally influential with the 2014 world cup and 2016 Olympics
CONS
- Poorly dealt with the COVID-19 Pandemic

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2
Q

Russia

A

PROS
- Huge oil and gas reserves
- permanent seat on the UN security council
CONS
- Ageing and declining population

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3
Q

India

A

PROS
- Youthful population with large economic potential
CONS
- Difficult political relations with Pakistan

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4
Q

China

A

PROS
- Highly educated population with modern infrastructure
CONS
- Major air and water pollution problems and plays a limited geopolitical role

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5
Q

Mexico

A

PROS
- Part of the USA-Canada- Mexico trade agreement
CONS
- Many well educated people emigrate out of the country

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6
Q

Indonesia

A

PROS
- Large, untapped natural resources
CONS
- High levels of poverty

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7
Q

Türkiye

A

PROS
- Member of NATO
CONS
- Political instability on it’s borders in the middle east

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8
Q

MINT nations wealth

A
  • Mexico and Türkiye = $10,000 per person annually
  • Indonesia = $3500 per person annually
  • Nigeria = $1500 per person annually
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9
Q

Corruption in Nigeria

A

Belief Nigeria could grow by 10% by getting more power - very corrupt

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10
Q

Japan’s superpower growth

A

-1980’s Japan was destined for Superpower status - GDP per capita was higher than than USA and UK
- Japan’s economy has barely grown since 1995 due to a property value bubble which led to a collapse in the stock market, an Ageing population and More competitive Asian economies

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11
Q

USA’s superpower status - Military

A

PROS
- 14,000 aircraft
- Provided $15.8 billion to Ukraine
- 60% of Americans have confidence in their military
CONS
- 33,000 soldiers lost in one year
- Smallest the military has been since the 1930s
- Not produced a nuke in 14 years - China produced 100 in 1 year

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12
Q

USA’s superpower status - Political

A

PROS
- ANZUS - Australia, New Zealand alliance
- Donates $69.5 billion annually
CONS
- Only 6% of democrats approved of Trump - divided the political nation
- only 17% see USA politics as a god example for others

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13
Q

USA’s superpower status - Economic

A

PROS
- Largest economy in the world - GDP $20 Trillion
- Income per Capita = $62,530 = one of the highest globally
CONS
- Ageing infrastructure led to a £1 Trillion infrastructure bill

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14
Q

USA’s superpower status - Cultural

A

PROS
- Most multi-national companies
- 2 Billion English speakers with most speaking an Americanised version
CONS
- 48% say healthcare is below average
- Europe increasingly concerned regarding the spread of American culture

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15
Q

USA’s superpower status - Resources

A

PROS
- Third largest population
- Midwest = soil very good for farming
- NE = coal close to the surface
CONS
- Willow oil drilling project would release 9.2 million tonnes of Carbon and 17,000 acres of nature destroyed

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16
Q

TNC’s and their wealth

A

1 - Walmart - Public owned
2 - Amazon - Public owned
3 - State grid (China) - State owned
4 - China national Petroleum - State owned

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17
Q

Bretton Woods conference

A
  • set up in 1944 to increase economic cooperation between countries
  • World bank and International monetary fund were set up as a result of this conference
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18
Q

World trade organisation

A
  • Regulates world trade, helps solve trade disputes and promotes free trade
    PROS
  • Forum for settling disputes
  • Makes trade more transparent and has the power to impose fines
    CONS
  • Global supply chains have made their work harder
  • Breakdown in relations with nations e.g. Donald Trump claims the WTO treated USA unfairly
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19
Q

World Bank and International monetary fund

A
  • World bank = Provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries
  • IMF - Ensures stability of international monetary system and facilitates international trade
    PROS
  • Source of financial aid for developing countries
  • Provide low interest loans
    CONS
  • Attach loan conditions based on the ‘Washington consensus’
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20
Q

World economic forum

A
  • Brings leaders together to try and solve international problems
    PROS
  • Aims to ‘improve the state of the world by bringing together leaders of society
  • Discusses issues of terrorism and corruption
    CONS
  • Undervalues national governments and focuses on the elites global operations
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21
Q

NATO

A
  • Members carry out regular military exercises
  • Attack one member = attack on all
    PROS
  • Has 40,00 troops
    CONS
  • Influence has been diminished since the end of the cold war
22
Q

ANZUS

A
  • all 3 nation cooperate on military matters - Australia, New Zealand and USA
    PROS
  • Helped USA maintain military presence in Pacific
23
Q

EU

A
  • Policy of convergence to reduce inequalities between it’s members
  • Free trade alliance
    PROS
  • Influences environmental issues e.g. water quality
    CONS
  • UK left in 2020 which increase tensions between those who want greater convergence and those that want greater separation
24
Q

United States - Mexico - Canada agreement

A
  • Economic coalition between them
    PROS
  • Labour costs are low in Mexico = good for the USA
    CONS
  • loss of manufacturing jobs in the USA and exploitation of Mexican workers
25
Association of south eastern nations
- Encourages greater cooperation and economic growth between the 10 nations PROS - Aims include cultural cooperation and common legal framework CONS - Consensus driven decision making approach which avoids issues such as human rights
26
Intergovernmental panel on climate change
- Produces reports which support the main international treaty on climate change PROS - Helps it's 120 members understand how their nation is contributing to climate change CONS - Does not fund it's own research
26
UN
Formed after the second world war - 193 members - Aims to maintain peace and promote human rights
27
UN security council
- Responsible for preventing conflict - has 15 members - 5 permanent members = USA, UK, France, China and Russia - can veto any legislation
28
International court of Justice
- Role is to settle disputes between UN members and advise on international law - 15 judges with 5 permanent members - same as the security council
29
UN and climate change
- Wants to make progress in managing climate change - 2015 Paris agreement aims to reducing emissions and keeping temperature rise below 2 degrees - Countries not signing the new agreements are USA under Trump
30
Superpowers stance on climate change - China
- Highly insufficient on Climate action's tracker - World's largest emitter of CO2 - Aim to make renewable energy 20% of all energy production = good
31
Superpowers stance on climate change - USA
- Insufficient - Worlds second largest emitter of CO2 - 2017 = trump pulled USA out of the Paris climate agreement
32
Superpowers stance on climate change - Russia
- Critically insufficient - 5% of global emissions - Haven't ratified the Paris climate agreement
33
Superpowers stance on climate change - European Union
- Insufficient - Reduced CO2 emissions by 22% by 2016 - New laws etc e.g. better home insulation and vehicles must have lower emissions
34
Artic
- Contested as 1/4 of world's undiscovered oil and gas is located here - EEZ = Exclusive economic zone = countries can claim the right to exploit resources up to 200 miles beyond their coastline - Russia claimed half of the Arctic. Canada, USA and Norway don't recognise the claim
35
Key events in the Arctic dispute
- 2002 = Canada carry put annual military exercises in the Arctic - 2009 = USA foreign policy made arctic a number 1 policy - 2012 = Chinese icebreaker navigated North sea route for the first time
36
Impacts of the Arctic disputes
- The fragile local ecosystems already strain from climate change - More ice melts = better access = more disputes - Increased pollution from ships using the area and fossil fuel consumption
37
Contested spheres of influence - South China sea
- 21% global trade passes through here in 2016 - Half of global fishing here - 1947 = China claims Parcel and Spratley islands - 2012 large anti-China protests in Vietnam after China sabotage Vietnamese exploration in the area - China claims the nine dash line - Vietnam claims it has ruled over the Islands since the 17th century Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei also made claims - Vietnam didn't show barbie film as it showed the 9 dash line
38
Contested spheres of influence - Russia's western border
- Russia's sphere of influence stretches from Finland, through Poland and around Romania into Asia - 1991 - USSR collapsed and Ukraine became independent - 2016 - Russia supported separatist forces in Ukraine - 2022 - Russia invades Ukraine - Russia now isolated with EU exporters no longer sell to Russia
39
India's involvement with Africa
- Trade expanded from$7.2 billion to $78 billion in 13 years - $1 billion between India and Africa which connects hospitals and universities etc - $1 billion loan into Ethiopian agriculture - doesn't create many jobs but displaces thousands
40
China's space race
Rivals NASA - there is an overlap between space tech and military tech - China now has it's own satellite system which means it doesn't rely on USA for one
41
Conflict in the middle east 2016 onwards
- Alliance between USA, Israel and some EU members - Refugee crisis caused by 2 million Syrians fleeing
42
Effects of overthrow of Suddam Hussein
- 2003 USA invaded Iraq and overthrew him - Neither Saudi Arabia or Iran wanted this as Iraq had acted as a buffer between them - USA couldn't replace him so an armed militia took over
43
Mediterranean migration
- Illegal immigration to Europe growing since Syrian war in 2011 - 1 million crossed Mediterranean by 2016 - 63% were from Syria and Afghanistan - 700 deaths in April 2014 - Greece and Italy who receive the migrants want them distributed throughout Europe
44
Migration from Bangladesh due to climate change
- 1/3 of the country can be flooded at once - 400,000 migrants move to Dhaka everyday
45
Migration from Myanmar
- Run by military dictatorship for 50 years - Majority of the pop are Buddhist and want the Muslims out of the country - Pop declined 600,000 in 2 years - 43,000 killed Bangladesh were not well equipped to deal with the refugees
46
Mexico - USA maigration
- Obama called for workers permits to be given to illegal immigrants - 2016 - USA's operation to deport illegal immigrants was strengthened - No. of border crossings rose in 2015 due to drought and gang violence
47
Impacts of migration from Mexico to USA
- 9/11 led to greater security concerns - support grew for 'anti-immigration' - Trump wanted to ban Muslims from the USA - Now 60million Hispanics in the USA
48
Baltimore inviting migrants
- Losing Pop rapidly - Opened shops etc to attract people to the area - 10,000 migrants in 10 years
49
Rwanda - Conflict on colonial borders
- Before Berlin Conference it was unified region - After Berlin conference Germany established rule over the area which Belgium later took - Gained independence in 1962 - Hutus rebelled and Tutsi fled - Genocide 800,00 Tutsi killed - 1994 Hutu fled to DRC and UN established tribunal to try people for the genocide

Human Geography (11 decks)

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