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Human Geography > Globalisation Set 2 > Flashcards

Globalisation Set 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Global shift

A

International relocation of different types of industrial activity, especially manufacturing industries

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2
Q

Changes associated with the global shift in emerging Asia - Pros

A
  • Worldwide 1 billion people have escaped $1.25 a day poverty since 1990 - majority in Asia
  • Demand for raw materials has risen
  • Average incomes have risen e.g. China’s per capita income has risen from $300 in 1990 to $7500 in 2015
  • Education has improved with around 2500 universities in China, India and South Korea
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3
Q

Changes associated with the global shift in emerging Asia - Cons

A
  • Expected Asia will be home to 3 billion middle class citizens by 2030
  • Forested land sacrificed for urbanisation with Togo losing 60% of it’s forested areas
  • From 1990, urbanisation has helped drive a ‘commodities super cycle’ which has increased the demand for raw materials significantly
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4
Q

Global outsourcing to India

A

Bangalore is known as the call centre of the world - By 2040 India is expected to have the second largest economy in the world

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5
Q

Pros of outsourcing in India

A
  • Earn a good wage by Indian Standards
  • Outsourcing companies have become very profitable e.g Infosys has revenues of $9 billion in 2015
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6
Q

Cons of outsourcing to India

A
  • Workers are exploited working 10 hour shifts 6 times a week
  • Work is highly repetitive and is often undertaken at night due to time zone differences
  • Gap between rich and poor in India has widened - has more billionaires than the UK but more people in absolute poverty than Africa
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7
Q

Clark Fisher Model

A

Shows the employment structure of a country

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8
Q

Spiral of deprivation

A

describes how the loss of industry leads to job losses, forcing people out of the area, leading to more job losses etc.

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9
Q

What is meant by Culture

A

Ideas, beliefs, customs and social behaviours of a group or society

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10
Q

Cultural Traits

A

Held in common by different local or national societies - defined as individual components of culture such as clothes and language

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11
Q

Cultural diffusuion

A

Spreading of cultural traits e.g. language and religion from one country to anther

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12
Q

Americanisation

A
  • Specific cultural influence of the USA on other places
  • Can cause places to lose individuality as franchises e.g. McDonald’s build more stores
  • However it can lead to new architecture, more jobs and more money for a place etc
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13
Q

Westernisation

A

European and North American countries spreading cultural influence on other places

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14
Q

Has Globalisation gone into reverse - Yes

A
  • UK leave the EU
  • Slowdown in emerging economies - growth falling from 4% in 2007 to 2% in 2016
  • USA becoming more independent, creating it’s own shale gas etc
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14
Q

Has Globalisation gone onto revers - No

A
  • More connections have led to a shrinking and border less world
  • Facebook registers 1 billion users
  • China’s investment into USA and Europe reaches $40 billion
  • International migrant reach 250 million
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14
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

Practice of promoting the culture of one nation in another

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15
Q

Development measures

A
  • Income per Capita
  • GDP
  • HDI
  • Gender Inequality Index (GII)
  • Economic sector balance
  • Environmental Performance index
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16
Q

Gini Coefficient

A

Number between 0 and 100 with the higher the value indicating greater income inequality

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17
Q

Gini Coefficient - Examples

A

UK = 38
China = 37
Uganda = 44

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18
Q

Lorenz Curve

A

Shows the Line of perfect equality and the Lorenz curve which is the country’s data - the closer the Lorenz curve is to the line of perfect equality then the better the income equality is in that country

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19
Q

How is deforestation linked to Globalisation

A
  • Brazil become worlds largest exporter of beef and Soya - Deforestation is needed to make way for farmland - 1/3 of global deforestation is for the production of these materials and Palm oil
  • Westernised diets require large amounts of meat
  • Deforestation also allows for better transport networks to be created
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20
Q

What impact will deforestation have on the environment

A
  • 1.7 billion tonnes of co2 is transferred overseas via globalised markets
  • Deforestation in Brazil has increased by 450% in 2014 compared to 2013
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21
Q

Paris Climate Agreement

A

Keep global temperature rise below 2 degrees and to help countries deal with the effects of climate change

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22
Q

Melting pot

A

Positive view of American Culture - absorbs and adapts new migrant values

23
Pluralism
EU nations TOLERATE equal rights for all migrants to practice their religious and cultural beliefs e.g. Spain
24
Closed door migration
Stopping any immigration altogether for fears of cultural diffusion e.g. Cambodia
25
Preserving Local Culture - UNESCO World heritage sites
started in 1972 - UN gives areas with cultural or physical significance special recognition
26
What is a cultural landscape
landscape of a place that has been shaped over time by the combined action of natural and human processes
27
Hyper globalisation
Idea that a largely western global culture is emerging as a result of cultural erosion
28
How are Indigenous people of Ammonia and Papua new guinea becoming aware of western culture
- Wearing western clothing - Many moving away from tribes and into urban areas
29
Impact cultural erosion has had on these indigenous groups
- No longer value local ecosystems - Now want education, income and healthcare - drives them t hunt endangered species to sell for a profit
30
Impact of globalisation on the Omo valley people
- Displacement of people - traditions are being lost
31
Absolute poverty
When a person's income is too low for basic human needs to be met
32
Relative poverty
Person's income is too low too maintain the average standard of living in a particular society
33
What does the development cable show
Citizens in an economically developed society enjoy good health, education and a long life etc
34
What is economic sector balance
- Country's economy can be divided into 4 sectors - indicator of economic development - shows jobs of the majority of the population - more Tertiary and Quaternary = more developed
35
Human development Index
Measures Life expectancy, Literacy rates and GDP per capita
36
Diaspora
Dispersion of a group of people from their original home land
37
Impacts of Polish Migrants in the UK
- Took lower paying jobs etc - Shops changed their products to suit them - Locals concerned they would put more pressure on schooling etc
38
Which countries are most popular for Brits to move to
- Spain = 1 million - France = 330 k
39
Why do British Expats move
- Weather - Better healthcare
40
Impacts of British expats abroad
- Drinking = people drinking on the streets - Little Britain communities = Taking land and loss of culture
41
Why are TNC's against migration restrictions
- Threaten the UK's role as a global hub
42
Why did TNC's benefit when red tape was removed in 1986
- Large numbers of overseas workers could be recruited
43
What did UKIP hope for in the 2015 election
Stricter controls on migration, including an end to the UK's full participation in the EU E
44
What percentage of London's pop were born in another country
30%
45
Examples of extremism in Europe
- Murder of Stephen Lawrence - British black man killed in 1993 - France 2015 - staff of the Satirical magazine were killed for being anti-Islamic
46
How does UK control migration
- Point strategy which checks immigrants possess skills which will aid the UK
47
Why has the UK's target to cut net migration not been met
- 2008 financial crisis meant fewer move overseas - Refugees allowed to remain in the country
48
Resource Nationalism
Government's taking measures ensuring the domestic industries and consumers have priority access to natural resources within their borders
49
Why are TNC's opposed to resource nationalism
- Limits resources they can get and therefore reduces profits e.g. Company 'first Quantum' forced to hand over 65% of mine back to the government of DRC
50
New global middle class
- 1 billion people joined the class in 30 yrs - Problem as more disposable income = More consumerism
51
Effects of a consumer society
- Lack of safety regs for factories in developing economies - High carbon footprint
52
Local sourcing solution
Boycotting supermarkets with high food miles and buy local produce
53
Pros of Locally sourcing
- Crops are grown using fewer pesticides in the UK - UK farmers earning more producing high price goods such as Jams
54
Cons of locally sourcing
- Tomatoes in the UK are grown in heated greenhouses = larger carbon footprint - can be very expensive for the consumers
55
Transition towns
- Promotion of local sourcing - 1st = Totnes in Devon - Bristol pound encourages spending in local businesses - Pros = every £10 spent in local businesses is worth £23 to local economy compared to only £13 when spent in a TNC - Cons = transport can be hard for small villages to influence
56
Ethical shopping and fair trade
- Ensures farmers are paid fair wage - Pros = raises farmers income and less pesticides are used - Cons = Buying organic means less pesticides used = more land is needed for same crop yield = more deforestation etc
57
NGO action
- Charity organisations that aim to raise awareness on poor working conditions - Charity ' war on want' in South Africa helps fruit pickers - Pros = raise awareness of workers exploitation - Cons = Many unaware of these charities as they have limited resources etc

Human Geography (11 decks)

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