Regenerating Places Set 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Dynamism
A
Rate at which a place change’s
2
Q
Clark Fisher model
A
Shows how country’s move from primary work to tertiary and quaternary as they develop
3
Q
How has the economy of the UK changed overtime
A
Industrialization caused a loss of primary sector and an increase in tertiary work
4
Q
Why did Primary and secondary sectors in the UK decline
A
- Coal located deeper underground = more expensive to mine - TNC’s then started offshoring
5
Q
Ulverston median income
A
£20,000
6
Q
Worsley median income
A
£25,000
7
Q
How many 0 hour contracts currently
A
500,000
8
Q
How much capital does the richest 1% receive
A
13%
9
Q
Trussell trust
A
People receiving emergency food rose from 26,000 in 2008 to 90,000 in 2014
10
Q
Ulverston Life expectancy
A
82.7
11
Q
Worsley life expectancy
A
80.9
12
Q
Demographic profile for Ulverston
A
- 97.6% of pop. being white
- South lakeland seen second largest fall in employment - Population only grew 0.8% also which led to the avg age being 51
- However during the 2021 census, ‘British’ was moved to the top of the responses meaning more people clicked on it
13
Q
Demographic profile for Worsley
A
- 92.6% born in the UK
- Pop increased 15.4% and median age = 35
14
Q
Household deprivation in ulverston and worsley
A
- both have over 50% of pop. not deprived in any dimension
- Worsley has slightly better general health
- Worsley has more people working 49 hrs or more = 12%
- Both below the national average for level 4 qualifications
15
Q
Function
A
- The role a place plays for its community
- 6 main functions are…
- Residential / commuter
- Market centres
- Administration
- Strategic
- Tourism
- Industrial
16
Q
Gentrification
A
- Arrival of wealthy people into an area e.g. Notting hill London where Victorian slums now mansions
- Pros = Increases in property value
- Cons = Displacement of poor communities due to rising house prices
17
Q
Studentification
A
- Neighbourhoods becoming dominated by student accommodation e.g. Queens uni Belfast = 50% of surrounding housing is student occupied
- Pros = Attracts investment and lot’s of money spent in the local economy
- Cons = Deserted during the summer, anti-social behaviour, property’s neglected
18
Q
Factors causing functional and demographic changes - Physical
A
- Location to cities and core economic zones
- Environmental - places vary in attractiveness
- Technology - High rise buildings etc
19
Q
Factors causing functional and demographic changes - Accessibility and contentedness
A
- Access e.g. motorways
- Connections help competition between places for investment etc
20
Q
Factors causing functional and demographic changes - Historical developments
A
- Historic buildings can be regenerated or can be run-down = bad for the place
- Increased affluence increases leisure and tourism etc in an area
21
Q
Factors causing functional and demographic changes - Role of planning by governments and other stakeholders
A
- National government policies e.g. 1990 policy of increasing student numbers
- Local planning = increased input into local decisions
22
Q
Ulverston east IMD data
A
- Highest deprivation = Living environment domain
- Lowest deprivation = Crime
- Amongst 40% most deprived areas
23
Q
Worsley IMD data
A
- Highest deprivation = Crime
- Lowest deprivation = income deprivation affecting children
- amongst 30% least deprived areas
24
Q
Negative multiplier effect
A
constant degradation of an area
25
Arguments for US government subsidies to keep domestic coal industry alive
- Produces jobs and income
- Keeps US energy mix domestic
26
Arguments against US government subsidies to keep domestic coal industry alive
- Costs $2.9 annually
- This cost is unsustainable
27
Why is Detroit classed as an unsuccessful place
- Low life expectancy, high crime rates etc
28
Sink estates
Housing estates with high levels of deprivation and crime
e.g. The Barracks, Glasgow
- originally developed for poorer residents
29
Social segregation and residential sorting
happens as low income households seek areas with cheaper housing whereas wealthy residents want more expensive houses
30
Gated communities
- Landscapes of surveillance - designed to deter outsiders
- e.g. Alphaville, Sao Paulo
- Generally areas around are very poor - uneven development in the area
31
Commuter villages
- Settlements where a proportion of the population commute to larger settlements
- Problems = Locals dependent on low paying jobs and locals also forced out
32
Commuter village example - Itchen valley
- Scenic and rural = made it popular - only a few miles from M3 and Winchester
- PROS = influx of younger people
- CONS = areas has become very expensive to live in
33
Declining rural settlements
- e.g. Llanslin, Powys - inaccessible and in top 10% most deprived areas for access to services
34
Lived experience
Experience of living in a place - different people have different experiences
35
How to measure engagement in an area
1 - Election turnout
2 - Development and support for local community groups
36
Why might voter turnout decrease
- People in deprived areas don't feel there vote counts
- people with no qualifications voting in 2019 = 59% compared to 69% with qualifications
37
Why might voter turnout increase
- People want change
- Something catches the imagination e.g. BREXIT
38
How did Britain vote in 2019
- younger people voted for labour and older people voted for conservatives
39
How do Barrow in Furness vote
had voted labour since 2010 but voted conservative in 2019
40
How do Worsley vote
Vote labour from 2010 - 2019
41
Improving membership and influence
2014 UK government launched it's 'promoting fundamental British values' scheme, delivered by all schools to help stop terrorism etc
42
Marginalisation
Pushed our by a dominant culture because of their language or religion etc
43
Exclusion
Extreme form of marginalisation when people access to services are restricted
44
Social polarisation
Segregation which emerges from income inequality and economic restructuring
45
Attachment to a place
depends on length of residence and the medias portrayal etc
46
What factors effect a persons sense of place
- Membership = feeling of belonging
- Influence = Sense of playing a part in a place and hence caring about it
47
Factors that affect the level of engagement and attachment
- Ethnicity = non-white British may not feel as accepted
- Age = combined with length of residence
- Length of residence = New migrants etc have few attachments to an area
- Levels of deprivation = Those in temporary accommodation etc may feel less at home than permanent residents
- Gender = Women still feel less able to go to pub alone etc
48
Re-Branding
Marketing aspect of place regeneration designed to attract businesses and visitors etc
49
Re-Imaging
Making a place more attractive and desirable to invest and live in
50
Why does the UK government invest into large infrastructure projects
- improved accessibility seen as major factor's in maintaining economic growth
