Superpowers

Question 1

A process of cultural change that takes place when two different cultures meet; it includes the transfer of a dominant culture’s ideas on to a subordinate culture

Answer 1

Acculturation

Question 2

A series of pro-democracy, pro-human rights civil uprisings in 2011 that affected Syria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Bahrain and Iran. Some governments were overthrown but, in most cases, protracted instability followed the uprisings

Answer 2

Arab Spring

Question 3

A world with two dominant superpowers.

Answer 3

Bi-polar

Question 4

A navy that can be deployed into Open Ocean i.e. with large ocean-going ships.

Answer 4

Blue water Navy

Question 5

The value of a brand measured using metrics such as market share, customer opinion or brand loyalty

Answer 5

Brand value/ equity

Question 6

An economic and political system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Answer 6

Capitalism

Question 7

A period of tension between the two superpowers of capitalist USA and communist USSR lasting from 1945 to 1990

Answer 7

Cold War

Question 8

The acquisition of political control over a territory by another country, and the subsequent settlement of that territory

Answer 8

Colonialism

Question 9

The ideas, customs, beliefs and behaviours of a group of people.

Answer 9

Culture

Question 10

The progress of a developing country is influenced by economic, cultural and political forces that are controlled by developed countries

Answer 10

Dependency

Question 11

The negotiation and decision-making that takes place between nations as part of international relations, leading to international agreements and treaties.

Answer 11

Diplomacy

Question 12

Maintaining control through ‘hard’ power, e.g. colonialism

Answer 12

Direct control

Question 13

Shifting from an economy based on one sector, e.g. primary or secondary, to an economy based on another sector, e.g. secondary or tertiary.

Answer 13

Economic restructuring

Question 14

A state or organisation that is growing significantly in power and beginning to extend a more global influence.

Answer 14

Emerging power

Question 15

The area of ocean extending 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline, over which a nation controls the sea and sub-sea resources

Answer 15

Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

Question 16

The exchange of goods and services free from import/export taxes and tariffs or quotas on trade volume

Answer 16

Free trade

Question 17

Referring to the influence of geographical factors on international relations

Answer 17

Geopolitical

Question 18

Strategy to deal with geopolitical problems.

Answer 18

Geostrategy

Question 19

Power through force or coercion.

Answer 19

Hard power

Question 20

Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or organisation.

Answer 20

Hegemony

Question 21

An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

Answer 21

Hyperpower

Question 22

A set of beliefs, values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society e.g. ‘Western Values’ of free speech, individual liberty, free-market economics and consumerism.

Answer 22

Ideology

Question 23

Maintaining control through ‘soft’ power, e.g. neo-colonialism

Answer 23

Indirect control

Question 24

The dependence of two or more nations or organisations on each other

Answer 24

Interdependence

Question 25

Regional or global organisations whose members are nation states. They uphold treaties and international law, as well as allowing cooperation on issues such as trade, economic policy, human rights, conservation and military operations

Answer 25

Intergovernmental organisations

Question 26

People with “discretionary income” they can spend on consumer goods, holidays etc. The global middle class is defined as people with an annual income over $10,000.

Answer 26

Middle class

Question 27

A neo-liberal model used to explain the growth and dominance of the British Empire and the USA that suggests sufficient investment in developing economies would stimulate industrial change

Answer 27

Modernisation theory

Question 28

A world with a multitude of superpowers.

Answer 28

Multi-polar

Question 29

The use of economic, political and cultural power to influence other countries

Answer 29

Neo-colonialism

Question 30

An approach that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector away from government control, with the idea that there is an open market for trade and the economy is free of restrictive barriers and regulations

Answer 30

Neoliberalism

Question 31

A change in diet from staple carbohydrates towards protein and fat, as we ll as more processed food

Answer 31

Nutrition transition

Question 32

A state or organisation with a sphere of influence that tends to be continental rather than global.

Answer 32

Regional power

Question 33

These are aimed at forcing a country to negotiate without using military force. They can be diplomatic (e.g. ordering staff at a foreign embassy home), economic (banning trade between countries) or military (e.g. banning trade in weapons).

Answer 33

Sanctions

Question 34

Power through favour or persuasion

Answer 34

‘Soft’ power

Question 35

The geographical area over which a powerful country can assert its authority

Answer 35

Sphere of influence

Question 36

A state or organisation that is able to extend a dominant influence globally.

Answer 36

Superpower

Question 37

A world with a single, dominant superpower.

Answer 37

Uni-polar

Question 38

Global spread of western ideas, beliefs and practices.

Answer 38

Westernisation

Question 39

A model that divides the world into 3 sections; a developed core, a developing periphery and the semi-periphery.

Answer 39

World systems theory