Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geograpahy A-level - Flash-cards > Migration, Identity and Sovereignty > Flashcards

Migration, Identity and Sovereignty Flashcards

1
Q

The eventual adoption of the cultural traits belonging to a host or majority community by a migrant or minority community, sometimes at the expense of their own distinctiveness

A

Assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Someone who flees to another country and applies for the right to international protection

A

Asylum seeker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flows of people, investment and resources directed from peripheral to core regions. This process is responsible for the polarisation of regional prosperity between regions within the same country

A

Backwash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The IMF and World Bank were founded at the Bretton Woods conference in the USA at the end of WWII to help rebuild and guide the world economy

A

Bretton Woods institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The uneven spatial distribution of national population and wealth between two or more regions of a country, resulting from flows of migrants, trade and investment

A

Core-periphery system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When a TNC changes its corporate identity, relocating its headquarters to another country

A

Corporate migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The capacity of different national and ethnic groups to make a mutual commitment to live together as citizens of the same state

A

Cultural cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A society where there is a high level of cultural and/or ethnic diversity among its citizens, often resulting in a multi-lingual and multi-faith community

A

Cultural heterogeneity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The distinctive character of a geographical place or region that has been shaped over time by a combination of physical and human processes

A

Cultural landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ideas, beliefs, customs and social behaviour of a group or society

A

Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A dispersed group of people with a shared cultural background who have spread internationally from their original homeland

A

Diaspora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the production of a commodity is expanded then the unit cost price may fall, due to fixed costs (eg lighting a factory) being spread over more units of output

A

Economy of scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The deliberate removal, by killing or forced migration, of one ethnic group by another

A

Ethnic cleansing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The voluntary or enforced separation of people of different cultures or nationalities

A

Ethnic segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The shared identity of an ethnic group which may be based on common ancestral roots or cultural characteristics such as language, religion, diet or clothing

A

Ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A cultural landscape constructed by a minority ethnic group, such as a migrant population. Their culture is clearly reflected in the way they have remade the place where they live

A

Ethnoscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Someone who has migrated to live in another state but remains a citizen of the state in which they were born

A

Expatriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A country whose government has lost political control and is unable to fulfil the basic responsibilities of a sovereign state, with severe adverse effects for some or all its population

A

Failed state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A way of living wherein a person identifies strongly with global scale issues, values and culture rather than (or in addition to) narrower place-based identity

A

Global citizenship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Global resources so large in scale that they lie outside the political reach of any one state. International law defines 4 global commons: the oceans, the atmosphere, Antarctica and outer space

A

Global commons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The steering rules, norms, codes and regulations used to regulate human activity at an international level

A

Global governance

22
Q

The process by which places and people are becoming ever more closely linked and connected, due to increasing flows of people, goods, capital and information

A

Globalisation

23
Q

The ability of a powerful state or player to influence outcomes without reverting to ‘hard power’ tactics such as military force

A

Hegemonic power

24
Q

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative was launched in 1996 by the IMF and World Bank; the aim was to reduce debt burden, but strict conditions were enforced such as poverty reduction strategies

A

HIPC policies

25
Q

A society where there is very little cultural or ethnic diversity and most people share cultural traits with one another, including language, religion, dress and diet

A

Homogenous culture

26
Q

The ownership of several forms of media by the same company

A

Media plurality

27
Q

Four fast-growing economies: Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey

A

MINT

28
Q

A territorial group of people who may lack sovereignty

A

Nation

29
Q

A sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture and language; its characteristics

A

National identity

30
Q

A political movement focused on national independence or the abandonment of policies that are viewed by some people as a threat to national sovereignty or national culture

A

Nationalism

31
Q

The belief by some that their own interests are more important than those belonging to other nations

A

Nationalist

32
Q

Costs suffered by third party people and places because of changing economic activity. These may be unintended social or environmental impacts, such as unemployment or pollution

A

Negative externalities

33
Q

The indirect actions by which developed countries exercise a degree of control over the development of their former colonies (or other developing countries)

A

Neo-colonial

34
Q

A belief in freer flows of people, capital and trade, involving trade liberalisation, deregulation of financial markets and open borders

A

Neo-liberalism

35
Q

The original business that a global TNC has developed around and whose directors still make decisions that affect the organisation as a whole

A

Parent company

36
Q

People who moved to the UK (or another imperial country) from their former colonies during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s

A

Post-colonial migrants

37
Q

People who are forced to flee their homes due to persecution, whether on an individual basis or as part of a mass exodus due to political, religious or other problems

A

Refugee

38
Q

An international agreement that aims to make it easier for people to move freely within the EU; passports do not have to be shown at the borders of the 26 EU and non-EU countries that agreed to this

A

Schengen Agreement

39
Q

The act of separation for part of a state to create a new and fully independent country

A

Secession

40
Q

Government-owned investment funds and banks, that invest the wealth of nations in companies and projects around the world. Typically associated with China and countries that have large revenues from oil, such as Qatar

A

Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)

41
Q

The ability of a place and people to self-govern without any outside interference

A

Sovereignty

42
Q

No other country holds power or sovereignty over it

A

State

43
Q

Structural Adjustment Programmes: lending by the IMF and World Bank but with strict conditions attached

A

SAPs

44
Q

A country or territory with a nil or low rate of corporation tax, such as Bermuda

A

Tax haven

45
Q

A water resource, including rivers, lakes and aquifers, that occupies a territory shared by more than one state

A

Transboundary water

46
Q

A financial flow occurring when one division of a TNC based in one country charges a division of the same firm based in another country for the supply of a product or service. It can lead to less corporation tax being paid

A

Transfer pricing

47
Q

The positive impacts on the peripheral regions of wealth creation in core regions. These can include investment, regional aid and grants, and the diffusion of innovation, technology and infrastructure from the core to the periphery

A

Trickle-down

48
Q

military intervention undertaken by a state (or a group of states) outside the umbrella of the UN

A

Unilateral intervention

49
Q

A migrant whose primary motivation is to seek employment. Migrants who already had a job may have to set off in search of better pay, more regular pay, promotion or a change of career

A

Voluntary economic migrant

50
Q

The ongoing campaign by the USA and its allies to counter international terrorism

A

War on terror

51
Q

The promotion through soft power of European and North American cultural values

A

Westernisation

Geograpahy A-level - Flash-cards (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions