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S&F III: Exam 1 > Superior and Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Superior and Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Location of Superior Mediastinum

A

A/P: Manubrium to T1-T4

S/I: Thoracic inlet to level of sternal angle

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2
Q

Location of Posterior Mediastinum

A

A/P: pericardium to T5-T12

S/I: sternal angle to sloping diaphragm

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3
Q

Anterior & Superior Mediastinum

A

thymus gland

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4
Q

Middle & Superior Mediastinum

A

large vessels

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5
Q

Posterior & Superior Mediastinum

A

tubular structures (aorta, trachea, etc.)

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6
Q

Superior Mediastinum Structures

A

LR brachiocephalic vv.; Aortic Arch; Braciocephalic A; LCCA; L Subclavian A; Trachea; L recurrent Laryngeal N;

**Esophagus; Thoracic Duct; Phrenic nn.; Vagus nn.; Thymus; SVC

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7
Q

Anterior Inferior Mediastinum Structures

A

Mediastinal lymph nodes

**Thymus

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8
Q

Middle Inferior Mediastinum Structures

A

Pericardium, Heart, AA, PA, Pvv, IVC, Arch of Azygos V

**Phrenic nn.; SVC

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9
Q

Posterior Inferior Mediastinum Structures

A

Hemiazygos V; Accessory Hemiazygos V.; DA; Thoracic Splanchic Nn.

**Vagus, Thoracic Duct, Esophagus, Azygos

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10
Q

Aortic Arch

A

@ level of sternal angle (Rib 2); superior m.

courses from R2L, A2P

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11
Q

Brachiocephalic Artery

A

lgst branch of aortic arch
ant. and rt. of trachea; medial to SVC and rt BCV
branches at right sternoclavicular joint

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12
Q

Right Common Carotid

A

BCA branch; rt side of head and neck

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13
Q

Rt Subclavian Artery

A

BCA branch; right upper extremity

superior and posterior to corresponding vein

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14
Q

Left CCA

A

aortic arch branch
supplies lt head and neck
left side of trachea

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15
Q

left Subclavian Artery

A

supplies left upper extremity

left side of trachea and esophagus

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16
Q

DA (thoracic aorta)

A

passes thru aortic hiatus in diaphragm at level of T12 (anterior)

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17
Q

Posterior Intercostal Arteries

A

9 Paired parietals of DA

ICS 3-11

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18
Q

Superior Intercostal Branch

A

costocervical trunk branch (subclavian origin)

ICS 1-2

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19
Q

Subcostal Arteries

A

1 paired parietal of DA

below rib 12, above diaphragm

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20
Q

Superior Phrenic Arteries

A

1 paired parietal of DA

upper side of diaphragm

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21
Q

Left Bronchial Arteries

A

2 unpaired branches of DA

to viscera

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22
Q

Esophageal Arteries

A

2 unpaired branches of DA

to viscera

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23
Q

Brachiocephalic Veins

A

formed by union of internal jugular veins and subclavian veins @ post. sternoclavicular joints

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24
Q

Rt brachiocephalic Vein

A

rt sternoclav join to right costal cartilage of rib 1

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25
Lt brachiocephalic vein
OBLIQUELY crosses to join RBCV to form SVC | located between thymus and BCT/LCCA
26
SVC
formed by union of BCVs right costal cartilages of ribs 1-3 receives azygos at sternal angle
27
Azygos vein
empties at SVC at level of Sternal Angle, superior to root of lung! drains blood from: rt. PIV, hemi/accessory, esophageal v, bronchial v, vertebral venous plexus
28
Posterior intercostal veins
right thoracic wall
29
hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos
left thoracic wall
30
esophageal veins
...
31
bronchial veins
...
32
vertebral venous plexus
vertebral column and spinal cord
33
bronchogenic tumors
metastasize from lungs to SC thru azygos vein path
34
right ascending lumbar vein
drains right posterolateral ab wall into IVC | and cont. as azygos
35
left ascending lumbar vein
left posterolateral ab wall into IVC | and cont. as hemiazygos
36
hemiazygos vein
drains lower left ICS through left posterior ICS vv. and then joins azygos (~8th ICS)
37
accessory hemiazygos vein
drains middle left ICS (5-7), crosses midline to join azygos vein
38
Rt superior intercostal vein
upper right intercostal spaces into arch of azygos *not in post. mediastinum*
39
Lt superior intercostal vein
upper left ICS into left BCV | *not in post. mediastinum*
40
SVC syndrome
blocked off by tumor, can't get blood away from upper body. **distended Jugulars*** bypass blockage thru azygos emptying into IVC
41
Liver tumor
obstructs IVC | bypass thru azygos into SVC
42
right border of Superior Mediastinum
Rt BCV and SVC
43
where does azygos enter post. mediastinum
aortic hiatus of diaphragm (rt side)
44
thoracic duct
drains everything but right side of body lung up | several valves
45
cisterna chyli
immed. inferior to diaphragm, anterior to L1, on right of aorta
46
where does thoracic duct enter
aortic hiatus
47
thoracic duct in post. mediastinum
btwn azygos vein and thoracic aorta; posterior to esophagus
48
thoracic duct in super. mediastinum
posterior to left border of esophagus
49
thoracic duct in root of neck
drains into beginning of left brachiocephalic vein
50
what lymph trunks does thoracic duct receive
left jugular (head), left subclavian (upper limb), left bronchomedistinal (left lung)
51
Rt lymphatic duct
NOT in MEDIASTINUM; rt side of root of neck drains into rt. brachiocephalic vein
52
what does right lymphatic duct receive?
right subclavian , right bronchomediastinal, right jugular
53
Can rt lymph trunks drain anywhere else?
yes right internal jugular or subclavian veins
54
Phrenic nerve
courses inferiorly in superior and middle mediastinum
55
Right phrenic nerve loc in superior med.
btwn right subclavian artery and vein; in contact with lateral borders of rt BCV and SVC
56
left phrenic nerve loc in superior med
btwn lt subclavian a and vein | crosses arch of aorta ANTERIOR to left vagus nerve
57
phrenic nerve loc in middle med
btwn mediastinal parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium | ANT to root of lung!!
58
Right phrenic nerve exit
Caval opening of diaphragm with the IVC
59
Lt phrenic nerve exit
PIERCES diaphragm
60
vagus nerve innerv.
all thoracic viscera, most of gut (colic flex of lg intestine)
61
Lt vagus nerve in superior mediastinum
crosses left side of aortic arch and gives off recurrent laryngeal nerve
62
Left laryngeal nerve path
crosses underneath ligamentum arteriosum and aortic arch | ascends btwn esophagus and trachea
63
Rt vagus nerve in sup. mediastinum
anterior to right subclavian artery and descends lateral to trachea
64
rt recurrent laryngeal nerve
NOT in Mediastinum--> hooks around Rt. Subclavian A.
65
other vagus branches in superior mediastinum
cardiac and pulmonary nerves join the respective plexuses
66
vagus nerve in posterior mediastinum
passes posterior to root of lung and forms trunks that pass through diaphragm with esophagus left anterior; right posterior
67
thymus
immediately posterior to manubrium | supplied by ITA and inferior thyroid arteries
68
Trachea
C6; anterior and right to esophagus;
69
where are principle bronchi located
middle mediastinum
70
food in trachea
goes into right main bronchi bc its shorter, wider, and vertical goes into lower or middle lobe
71
left main bronchus
crosses anterior to esophagus and aorta (can constrict esophagus!!)
72
Carina
division of trachea into bronchi cancer can cause distortion
73
esophagus superiorly
btwn trachea and SC
74
esophagus posteriorly
enters through esophageal hiatus at T10, anterior to DA | posterior to pericardium and LA
75
Constrictions of esophagus
were pharynx narrows to form it (C6) arch of the aorta (disc of T4-T5) left main bronchus (T5) esophageal hiatus (diagphragm)
76
hypertrophy of left atrium
compresses and displaces the posterior esophagus
77
blood supply in thorax
esophageal (DA) | esophageal (azygos)
78
All structures at Sternal Angle (rib 2, disc of T4-T5)
``` arch of the aorta demarcation of superior and inferior mediastinum superior extent of fibrous pericardium trachea division azygos enters SVC ```
79
structures through diaphragm
Caval (T8): IVC and rt Phrenic Esophageal (T10): Esophagus, Vagal nerve trunks Aortic (T12): DA, thoracic duct, azygos vein (RWB) Crura: Greater, Lesser, Least Splanchnic nerves
80
Caval Structures
T8: IVC and rt Phrenic
81
Esophageal Hiatus Structures
(T10): Esophagus, Vagal nerve trunks
82
Aortic hiatus structures
(T12): DA, thoracic duct, azygos vein (RWB)
83
Crura structures
Greater, Lesser, Least Splanchnic nerves

S&F III: Exam 1 (17 decks)

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