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S&F III: Exam 1 > Lungs and Pleural Cavities > Flashcards

Lungs and Pleural Cavities Flashcards

0
Q

Stage 2 of development

A

Lung buds push against pleura (which become visceral pleura adherent to organ surface)

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1
Q

Stage 1 of development

A

Pleural cavity develops from coelomic space and lined by coelomic membrane (pleurae)

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2
Q

Contents of pleural cavity

A

Serous fluid. NOT LUNG

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3
Q

Stage 3 of development

A

Further growth of lung ⬇️ size of pleural cavity.

Bronchi and blood vessels to lung become covered w pleura

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4
Q

Endothoracic fascia

A

Layer of fascia separates rib and intercostal muscles from parietal pleura

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5
Q

Mediastinal pleura

A

Pleura in middle of lungs

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6
Q

Costal pleura

A

Adjacent to ribs

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7
Q

Diaphragmatic pleura

A

Pleura adj to diaphragm

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8
Q

Cervical pleura

A

Pleura adj to cervical vertebrae

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9
Q

Pleural Cavity Recesses clinical

A

Areas where fluid, etc can become trapped.

Normally air filled

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10
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recesses

A

on RT and LT. split like space near costodiaphragmatic pleura (anterior)

lungs DO NOT enter this space

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11
Q

Inferior border of pleura

A

Rib 8–> rib 10–> T12 as move anterior to posterior

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12
Q

Costomediastinal recess

A

near costomediastinal pleura location (LT»>RT)

anterior margin of Lungs ENTER during inspiration

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13
Q

Superior border of pleura

A

1” above costal cartilage 1

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14
Q

External pneumothorax

A

Air enters pleural cavity from channel thru thoracic wall made by knife wound

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15
Q

Internal pneumothorax

A

Air enters pleural cavity from rupture of air tubes at surface of lungs

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16
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in pleural cavity

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17
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in pleural cavity

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18
Q

Hydrothorax

A

CHF causes increased tissue fluid in cavity

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19
Q

Chylothorax

A

Lymph due to tear in thoracic duct

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20
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation,

Fibrous adhesions on pleura result in “friction rub” (audible)

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21
Q

Referred pain from pleura

A

Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

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22
Q

Costal pleura innerv.

A

Intercostal n.

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23
Q

Mediastinal pleura innerv.

A

Phrenic n.

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24
Respiratory system development stage 1
Larngyotracheal tube bifurcated into lung buds which form 1. Main bronchi --> lobar bronchi --> segmental bronchi
25
Respiratory system development stage 2
Endoderm forms linings of airway. | Splanchnic mesoderm forms CT, cartilage, and muscles of airways
26
Respiratory system development stage 3
Pleural cavity forms from intraembryonic coelom | Pleural membranes form from lateral mesoderm
27
Parietal pleura
Formed from intraembryonic somatic mesoderm Lines inner thoracic wall
28
Visceral pleura
Forms from intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm Covers lung surface
29
Esophageal atresia
Absence of normal lumen
30
Esophageal atresia clinical
Polyhydramnios in fetus | Fluid doesn't reach small intestine for absorption
31
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Abnormal channel btwn 2 structures
32
Rt Lung gross anat
Superior Lobe, horizontal fissure (@rib 4), Middle lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe
33
Lt lung gross anat
Superior lobe w/ cardiac notch and lingula, oblique fissure (@ rib 6), inferior lobe
34
Landmark of costodiaphragmatic recess
1. Space between base of lung and inf border of pleural cav covered w diaphragmatic pleura 2. 2 rib or 2 vertebral levels wide
35
Midclavicular plane base
Lung: rib 6 Cavity: rib 8
36
Midaxillary plane bases
Lung: rib 8 Cav: rib 10
37
Posterior-inferior bases
Lung: T10 spine Cav: T12 spine
38
Oblique fissure levels
Rib 6 --> T3
39
Horizontal fissure level
Rib 4 to midaxillary plane
40
Root of lung
Collection of neurovascular structures that supply the organ
41
Hilum of lung
Doorway to organ for entrance/exit of root
42
Hilum of lung borders
Posterior: bronchus (eparterial/upper lobar, main) Ant-sup: pulmonary artery Ant-inf; pulmonary vein
43
Where does phrenic nerve pass?
Anterior to lung root
44
Where does trachea divide?
@sternal angle, becomes lt and rt main bronchus
45
Pulmonary circulation
Deoxy--> flows from rt ventricle to pulm trunk to rt and lt pulm a. Oxy--> flows from lungs into 2 rt and 2 lt pulm veins to left atrium
46
Bronchial arteries
From aorta or rt 5th posterior intercostal a. Supplies lungs w blood
47
Bronchial veins
Drain into intercostal veins--> azygos system
48
Lymph drainage
Bronchopulmonary nodes (at hilum)--> tracheobronchial nodes--> brochomediastinal lymph trunk Rt: goes to a) lymphatic duct--> brachiocephalic b) brachiocephalic Lt: a) thoracic duct--> subclavian b) subclavian
49
Pulmonary ANS travel where
On Bronchi to lungs
50
PANS
Constrict passages, dilate blood vessels, increase mucous secretion
51
SANS
Dilate respiratory passages, constrict blood vessels, decrease mucus secretion
53
Inspiration
increases size of thoracic cavity, decreasing pressure within enlarged in vertical, A-P, and transverse planes
54
Inspiration vertical diameter
enlarged through contraction of muscular diaphragm, resulting in flattening of its domes
55
inspiration A-P diameter
increased by thrusting inferior ribs anteriorly through intercostal muscle attachment at the sternum; immobilization of first rib through neck muscles and scalenes
56
inspiration transverse diameter
same as A-P actions; "buckle handle" effect of raising downward curving ribs
57
Quiet Inspiration
first rib fixed, normal inspiration activities; passive; returns to pre-inspiratory process
58
Forced inspiration
same as quiet inspiration, w/ the addition of forceful contraction of the neck muscle resulting in elevation of rib 1 active, posterior muscles pull down rib 12 and anterior muscles force ab organs against diaphragm
59
Heimlich manuveur
similar to forced respiration, ab organs pushed into diaphragm to increase pressure
60
mediastinum
centrally placed contains heart, great vessels, esophagus, and trachea
61
potential space
under negative pressure
62
function of pleura
mesothelium (histo) secretes serous susbstance (lubricant and film)
63
1" above medial 1/3 of clavicle
surface projection of pleura knife wound @ neck can puncture it
64
Right side surface projection
continues inferiorly to xiphisternal joint
65
left side surface projection
inf. to rib 4--> lat to sternal margin--> inf to rib 6
66
C7 spine
marks the superior posterior extent of pleura
67
intercostal nerves
costal pleura and peripheral part of diaphragmatic pleura
68
phrenic nerve
medial to mediastinal pleura innervates them and central diaphragmatic pleura
69
Referred pain in pleura
mediastinal pain: shoulder | costal pleura @ 4th ICS: skin of nipple
70
Visceral pleura innerv.
none! insensitive
71
Cardiac notch
indentation in left superior lobe; lateral between ribs 4-6
72
Lingula
tongue of left superior lobe, extends into left costomediastinal space during inspiration
73
Auscultation important knowledge
superior lobe is anterior, posterior lobe is superior
74
Pulmonary ligament
two layers of pleura in direct contact, post. of root | no major neurovasc structures
75
Rt Main bronchus divisions
superior, middle,and lobar bronchi
76
Lt Main bronchus divisions
superior and inferior lobar bronchi
77
Pulmonary Trunk
deoxy blood, splits into Lt and Rt Pulmonary arteries
78
Pulmonary veins
two per lung; enter left atrium
79
Lt. Bronchial Arteries
two directly from aorta
80
Rt. Bronchial Arteries
one from posterior intercostal artery at 5th ICS
81
Deep Lymphatic Plexus
-->pulmonary nodes--> bronchopulmonary nodes
82
Superficial Lymphatic Plexus
--> bronchopulmonary nodes
83
Pulmonary Plexus of Nerves
surrounds bronchi composed of PANS and SANS that regulate blood flow, secretions of substances, etc/
84
Bronchopulmonary Segment
10/lung; surgical and functional unit has own veins/arteries can be removed with minimal blood loss and no risk of pneumothorax

S&F III: Exam 1 (17 decks)

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