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S&F III: Exam 1 > Heart Morphology > Flashcards

Heart Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Atria receive?

A

(2) venous blood

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2
Q

Ventricles do?

A

(2) pump blood away from heart via lg arteries

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3
Q

Pulmonary Circuit (Rt)

A

SVC/IVC–>deoxy blood into RA–>RV–>PT–>lungs

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4
Q

Systemic Circuit (Lt)

A

4PVv–>oxy blood into LA–>LV–>AA

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5
Q

Heart Rotation

A

embryo: RA/RV on R; LA/LV on L
fetus: Atria on R; Ventricles on L

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6
Q

Right border of Heart

A

right atrium; from 3rd-6th right costal cartilages

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7
Q

inferior border of heart

A

right ventricle, apex; from 6th right costal cartilage to apex of heart

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8
Q

apex of heart

A

part of left ventricle; located 5th left ICS at midclavicular line

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9
Q

left border of heart

A

LV, left auricle of LV; from apex to left 2nd costal cartilage

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10
Q

superior border

A

term/origin of great vessels, right and left auricles; from 2nd left to 3rd right costal cartilage

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11
Q

Atrioventricular (coronary) sulcus

A

separates atria from ventricles

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12
Q

anterior and poster interventricular sulci

A

separates LV/RV

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13
Q

anterior (sternocostal) surface

A

RV and slight RA

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14
Q

inferior (diaphragmatic) surface

A

RV and LV

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15
Q

posterior surface

A

LA

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16
Q

crista terminalis

A

divides the RA into two morpho divisions

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17
Q

anterior part of RA

A

muscular walls forming the musculi pectinati

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18
Q

musculi pectinati

A

small crisscrossing ridges in ant. RA

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19
Q

posterior part of RA

A

smooth walled, receives SVC/IVC and coronary sinus

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20
Q

coronary sinus

A

coronary vein of the heart

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21
Q

right auricle

A

small pouch-like appendage of RA that surrounded by musculi pectinati

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22
Q

posterior wall of RA

A

forms part of the interatrial septum that separates LA/RA

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23
Q

fossa ovalis

A

in posterior wall of RA; thin-walled remnant of foramen ovale

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24
Q

limbus of fossa ovalis

A

thick upper margin of fossa

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25
Q

foramen ovale

A

in fetus, allows blood flow from RA to LA (bypassing lungs)

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26
Q

probe-patent foramen ovale

A

minor ASD resulting from improper congenital closure

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27
Q

Trabeculae Carnae of RV

A

irregular ridges of muscle that line the ventricular lumen, including the moderator band

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28
Q

moderator band

A

specialized muscle that aids in the electrical conduction system

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29
Q

infundibulum (conus arteriosus) of RV

A

superior, cone-shaped part of ventricle that is smooth-walled and inf. to orifice of PT

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30
Q

posterior wall of RV

A

forms part of interventricular septum

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31
Q

tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricle orifice, three cusps that have ventricular attachment and free margins

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32
Q

anulus fibrosis

A

ring of fibrous tissue that tricuspid valve cusps attach to

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33
Q

anterior cusp of tricuspid

A

anterior wall of RV

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34
Q

posterior cusp of tricuspid

A

inferior to anterior cusp

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35
Q

septal cusp of tricuspid

A

posteriorly on interventricular septal wall

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36
Q

chordae tendineae

A

attach the cusps to the papillary muscles and to each other.

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37
Q

how do valves close?

A

force of ventricular blood against tensed cusps; NOT PAPILLARY MUSCLES

38
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

three semilunar cusps, sinus, closes off with systole

39
Q

pulmonary valve incompetence

A

thickened and inflexible free margins of cusp cause no valve closure

40
Q

pulmonary stenosis/ aortic stenosis

A

disease causes hardening; hypertrophy of respective valve

41
Q

fibrous skeleton of heart

A

CT; provides attachment for valves/cardiac fibers, separates muscles of the two chambers, rigidity to orifices

42
Q

left atrium

A

smooth walled, except auricle (pectinate)

receives 4 PV

43
Q

left ventricle

A

3x thicker than right bc of AA

44
Q

lining of LV

A

trabeculae carnae except at aortic vestibule

45
Q

aortic vestibule

A

smooth walled

below Aortic valve

46
Q

interventicular septum

A

composed of muscular and membranous sections

47
Q

membranous section of IVS

A

thin, inf. to right and posterior valves of aortic valve

48
Q

VSD

A

@ membranous section of IVS

49
Q

bicuspid valve

A

two cusps (post. and ant.)

50
Q

rheumatic fever

A

bicuspid valve affected due to Ca2+ deposits

51
Q

Aortic valve

A

3 semilunar cusps; openings to right and left coronary arteries

DIASTOLE

52
Q

Diastolic valves

A

1) atria contract and ventricles relax
2) tricuspid and bicuspid open
3) aortic and pulmonary valves closed

53
Q

Systolic valves

A

1) atria relax, ventricles contract
2) tricuspid/bicuspid close
3) aortic and pulmonary valve open

54
Q

coronary vessels

A

provide blood to heart muscle

located in atrioventricular and interventricular sulci

55
Q

Right Coronary A.

A

descents into atrioventricular sulcus

supplies: rt heart, SA and AV nodes, post 1/3 of IVS

56
Q

Sinuatrial nodal artery

A

supplies SA node (RCA branch)

57
Q

Marginal artery

A

passes along inferior RV margin towards apex (RCA branch)

58
Q

AV nodal artery

A

supplies AV node and atrioventricular bundles (RCA branch)

59
Q

atrioventricular bundles

A

part of conduction system from AV node to ventricles (RCA)

60
Q

posterior interventricular branch (Post. Desc. A)

A

(RCA) supplies R/LV and post 1/3 of IVS

61
Q

coronary anastomoses

A

PIVB with AIVB

Circumflex Branch with term. RCA

62
Q

Left Coronary Artery

A

supplies: Lt heart, ant 2/3 of IVS, atrioventricular bundles

63
Q

LAD (ant. descend. A)

A

supplies both ventricles and ant 2/3 of IVS

inferior atrioventricular sulcus

64
Q

Circumflex branch of LCA

A

posterior AVSulcus

supplies lt. heart

anastomoses with termination of RCA

65
Q

Right dominant heart

A

PIVB supplied by RCA

66
Q

Lt dominant heart

A

PIVB supplied by circumflex branch of LCA;

death with blockage

67
Q

myocardial infarction

A

due to artherosclerosis of Coronary arteries

68
Q

Coronary bypass sx

A

occluded artery replaced by leg vein, or ICA

69
Q

angioplasty

A

inserted into occluded artery through AA

70
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

large vein in post. part of AV sulcus which receives most of blood of heart thru tributaries (great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein)

71
Q

Where does coronary sinus open and what’s its valve like?

A

RA superior to IVC opening; rudimentary (1 cusp)

72
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

anterior part of Interventricular sulcus and courses post. into AV sulcus;

drains area of heart supplied by LCA

73
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein

A

posterior part of IV sulcus

drains area supplied by PIVA

74
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

right ant/-inf. margin of LV

drains area supplied by Marginal Artery

75
Q

Anterior Cardiac Veins

A

2-4 veins that drain into RA

76
Q

what tributaries enter the Coronary Sinus?

A

Great, Middle, and Small Cardiac Veins

77
Q

Venae Cordis Minimae (Smallest)

A

open directly into chambers of heart

78
Q

SA node

A

pacemaker of heart, located superior part of Crista Terminalis in RA

79
Q

why do atrial conductions not reach ventricles?

A

fibrous skeleton of the heart prevents conductionn

80
Q

AV node

A

inferior part of interatrial septum; sends delayed impulses to AV bundle

81
Q

AV bundle

A

pierces Fibrous Rings; passes through IVS

82
Q

Right AV bundle

A

passes through moderator band (septomarginal trabeculae)

83
Q

where does moderator band attach

A

base of anterior papillary muscle

84
Q

Left AV bundle

A

supplies LV and papillary muscles

85
Q

where is Artificial pacemaker connected?

A

right ventricle

86
Q

vagus nerve

A

(parasympathetics) decreases heart rate and force of beat; constricts coronary arteries

87
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

increase HR and force of beat; dilate coronary arteries

88
Q

Sensory Fibers to Heart

A

INSENS. TO TOUCH AND TEMP.; react to metabolic prod. from ischemia

89
Q

where to sensory heart fibers enter SC?

A

T1-t4 on left side

90
Q

referred pain from heart location?

A

chest and upper arm

S&F III: Exam 1 (17 decks)

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