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TherEx > Superficial Modalities > Flashcards

Superficial Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Ultrasound Indications

A

-acute conditions
-calcium deosits
-chronic inflammation
-delayed healing
-ulcers
-contractures/spasms
-trigger points
-pain
-scar
-warts

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2
Q

Ultrasound Contraindications

A

-active bleeding
-decreased sensation to temp
-decrease circulation
-DVT
-infecion
-malignancy
-breast implants
-carotid
-epiphyseal plates in young
-heart, eyes, genitalia
-cement or plastic
-pelvic and thrunk of pregnant
-pacemaker
-vascular insufficiency

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3
Q

Ultrasound Function

A

-deep heating 5cm
-piezoelectric crystals vibrate to produce sound waves into tissues through transucer
-most waves reflect, need gel or water

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4
Q

Attenuation

A

-decrease in energy intensity due to absorption in tissues and dispersing of waves

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5
Q

Ultrasound Absorption

A

-penetration and absorption inversely related
-absorption increases with frequency
-high protein=high absorption

Bone: highest
Blood: least

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6
Q

ERA

A

-effective radiating area
-energy output is greatest at center, small than transducer
Treatment area= 2-3x ERA

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7
Q

Collimation

A

-focus of the beam
-larger tranducer and higher frequency=more collimation

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8
Q

Bean Nonuniformity Ratio

A

-BNR
-peak intensity:average intensity
-lower is better
-better BNR=less risk foor hot spots

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9
Q

Non-Thermal Ultrasound

A

Acute Injury, Edema, Healing Ultrasound
-superficial and deep (3-1MHz)
-non-thermal and pulsed
-20% Duty Cycle
-1 Intensity/ 8-10mins

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10
Q

Mid Thermal Ultrasound

A

Subacute Injury or Hematoma Ultrasound
-increase 1deg C
-continuous

Superficial (3MHz)
-0.5 in/ 3 mins

Deep (1MHz)
-1 in/ 5min

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11
Q

Moderate Thermal Ultrasound

A

-chronic injury, inflammation, pain, trigger points
-increase 2 degree C
-continuous

Superficial (3MHz)
-0.5 in/ 6min

Deep (1MHz)
-1 in/ 10min
-1.5 in/ 6min
-2 in/ 5min

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12
Q

Vigorous Thermal Ultrasound

A

-stretching collagen, joint contractures
-increase 4 deg C
-continuous

Superficial (3MHz)
-1 in/ 6min

Deep (1MHz)
-2 in/ 10 min

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13
Q

Ultrasound Frequency

A

0.75-3MHz
-tissue depth

1Mhz= greater depth, 5cm
3MHz= superficial 1-3cm

Higher frequency= faster heating= shorter treatment

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14
Q

Ultrasound Intensity

A

Highe intensity=higher temp= shorter treatment

-treatment goals

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15
Q

Ultrasound Cautions

A

-tissue damage at 45 deg
-continue only improvement
-placebo

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16
Q

BFR

A

-Blood flow restriction
-3-4 sets of 20-30 with 30s breaks

Arms: 200mmHG, red cuff or 50%
Legs: 300mmhg, yellow cuff or 80%

Contraindications:
-severe HTN
-Compromised circulation
-Varicose veins
-IV drug use
-swelling
-trauma
-open fractures
-skin gradt
-direct nerve injury
-uncontrolled DM
-sickle cell

17
Q

Heat Types

A

Conduction:
-contact with source
-hot/ice pack, cold spray
-1cm penetration (cold>hot)

Convection:
-air of liquid transfer
-whirlpool or cryotherapy

Radiation:
-no physical contact needed
-laser, UV

Conversion:
-energy changes when contact is made
-US

18
Q

Cold

A

Uses:
-decrease inflammation/swelling/pain (gate control)
-decrease muscle activity
-decrease BF, temp, metabolic rate, nerve confuction

Contraindications:
-impaired circulation
-hypersensitivity
-skinn anesthesia
-open wounds/infections
-joint pain
-dont lay on top

19
Q

Biofeedback

A

-used to measure motor unit action and pressure
-can be used to assess or to self educate pt
-Myotrac and Pressure cuff (neck=20, back=70)

Uses:
-relaxation
-neuromuscular re-ed
-coordination

Sensitivity:
-start low then progress for NMR
-start high for relaxattion

20
Q

Physiological Responses to heat

A

Increased:
-CO, metabolism, pulse, breathing, vasodilation, BF, permeability, edema

Decreased:
-BP, muscle activity, SV, BF to resting structures, joint stiffness, spasms, pain

21
Q

Heat Preparation/Contraindications

A

-40-45 celcius
-subacute to chronic
-less than 2cm of depth
-lot for long term outcomes

Contraindications:
-acute/subacute inflammation
-decresed circulation/sensation
-DVT
-cognitive
-cancer
-eldery/very young

22
Q

Heat Modalities

A

Hot pack:
-160-170deg
-6-8 layers protection
-check skin @5

Parafin:
-dipping odd shaped parts
-126deg
-6 layers
-15-20min

Fluidotherapy:
-tank of warm air and corn husks

Whirlpool

23
Q

Hyrdrotherapy

A

-immersion baths mixed with air
-Whirlpool and Aquatic Therapy

Effects:
-decreased tone
-increased BF, temp
-pain relief/relaxation
-vasodilation
-debridement

Contraindications:
-advanced Cardiopulm disease
-bleeding
-less sensation or circulation
-gangrene/infection
-maceration
-Peripheral vascular disease

24
Q

Physiologic Response to Cold

A

-Cold
-Burning
-Aching
-Numbness

-redness, vasocontriction

25
Q

Cold Modalities

A

Ice Pack:
-acute to subacute
-muscle spasms and inflammation

Cold Spray:
-acute or subacute
-pain, spasms

Cryo Cuff:
-provides cold and compression
-moves water/ needs 1 layers

Contrast Bath:
-subacute
-alternating hot and cold
-edema, DOMS, desensittation

TherEx (20 decks)

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