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phys mod > superficial heat - application techniques > Flashcards

superficial heat - application techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what are hot moist packs made of

A

usually made of bentonite covered with canvas

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2
Q

how are HMPs stored

A

in hydrocollator tank at 70-75 deg

initial heating - 2 hrs
reheat bet use - 30 mins

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3
Q

how many layers of towels should we wrap the HMP

A

6-8 towels

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4
Q

how many layers is the terry cloth

A

old - 1-2 layers equivalent
new - 4 layers

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5
Q

what should your patient feel during HMP

A

mild comfortable moist warmth

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6
Q

duration of HMP

A

15-20 mins

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7
Q

what is PWB made of

A

paraffin wax and mineral oil at 6:1 or 7:1 ratio

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8
Q

what is the purpose of mineral oil in PWB

A

to reduce melting temp from 54 deg to 45-50 deg

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9
Q

what is the temp where PWB is stored at sa tank

A

52-57 deg

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10
Q

what characteristic of PWB makes it unique

A

low specific heat and thermal conductivity meaning that it can transfer heat without burning the patient

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11
Q

when is PWB usually used

A

in irregularly contoured areas

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12
Q

methods of PWB

A

dip and wrap - 6-10 duos
dip immersion - 20 mins dapat lower temp
paint/brush method

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13
Q

what should your patient feel during PWB

A

mild comfortable moist warmth

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14
Q

duration of PWB

A

20-30 mins per 20 mins tlaga and after treatment pinapamold yung sa pt as exercise

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15
Q

what is fluidotherapy

A

dry heating agent where you can control temp and flow of air so convection sha

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16
Q

what are the advantages of HMP

A

inexpensive
easy appli

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17
Q

what are the disadvantages of HMP

A

declining heating pattern

requires toweling

radial heat - kung san lng nakapatong dun lng mainit

no limb movement allowed

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18
Q

what are the advantages of PWB

A

inexpensive
easy appli
circumferential heating

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19
Q

what are the disadvantages of PWB

A

declining heating pattern

requires toweling

no limb movement allowed

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20
Q

what are the advantages of fluidotherapy

A

constant heating pattern
circumferential heating
free limb movement

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21
Q

what are the disadvantages of fluidotherapy

A

expensive
limited to extremities
bulky device

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22
Q

what does the PT do pag cold na yung HMP or it’s too hot

A

cold - reduce layers
hot - add layers

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23
Q

what is IRR

A

IR lamps emit EMR with a wavelength of 770 to 10^6 nm bet visible light and microwaves

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24
Q

what are the possible fates of electro magnetic waves

A

reflected
refracted
transmitted
absorbed

25
Q

what fate do we want for IRR

A

absorbed

26
Q

explain the lambert cosine law

A

for optimal absorption - use the head perpendicularly or 90 deg

15 deg allowance but may some refraction na yun and beyond it reflect na lang

27
Q

explain the inverse square law

A

intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared

higher the intensity mas malayo; if less more neat

to prevent burning

28
Q

explain the law of grothus-draper or principle or chemical activation

A

ensure proper absorption of radiation for it to be beneficial

29
Q

explain the arndt-schultz principle

A

dosage determination - there is an optimal amount of energy absorption per unit of time for beneficial results

30
Q

explain the bunsen-roscoe law of reciprocity

A

intensity and duration is inversely proportional so adjust parameters in treatment

31
Q

what are the 2 types of IRR

A

luminous IRR (short) and non-luminous IRR (long)

32
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of wavelength and frequency

A

luminous - higher frequency shorter wavelength

non-luminous - lower frequency longer wavelength

33
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of absorption

A

luminous - epidermis and dermis

non-luminous - stratum corneum

34
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of penetration

A

luminous - 1-3 mm

non-luminous - 0.1 mm

35
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of rise in temp

A

luminous - vigorous

non-luminous - small and gradual

36
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of perspiration

A

luminous - more

non-luminous - less

37
Q

what is luminous IRR made of

A

glowing source like tungsten or carbon filament

38
Q

what is non-luminous IRR made of

A

non-glowing like carborundum w metal reflector

39
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of distance in appli

A

luminous - 45-60 cm or 18-24 in

non-luminous - 74-91 cm or 29-36 in

40
Q

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of pre-heating

A

luminous - no warm-up or 5 mins

non-luminous - 5-10 mins warm-up

41
Q

what should pt feel during IRR

A

mild, comfortable, dry warmth

42
Q

duration of IRR

A

20 mins

43
Q

what are the things a PT should do during IRR

A

if dry heat in uncomfortable - cover are w wet towel

wipe sweat to avoid hotspots

other areas including hairs can be covered w wet towel

cover eyes w moist cotton balls if treating near face

44
Q

what are the advantages of IRR

A

does not require contact

area can easily be observed

can be used to treat larger areas

45
Q

what are the disadvantages of IRR

A

need for localizer to prevent dispersion

dry heat is uncomfortable to some patients

dehydration due to excessive perspiration

46
Q

indications for all superficial heating modalities

A

subacute and chronic conditions
pain
muscle spasm
stiff structures
accelerate tissue healing

47
Q

indications specific to IRR

A

pressure sores pero more on UVR

adjunct to electrical stim to dec skin impedance

psoriasis

48
Q

what is skin impedance

A

usually sa bells palsy; may adhesion yung facial muscles so you would want to ES but has skin impedance so use IRR to dec that

49
Q

contraindications for all superficial heating modalities

A

recent or potential hemorrhage bcs of more bf so more swelling

thrombophlebitis - vasodilate can dislodge

malignant tumor

metal in area - conductor might burns

50
Q

contraindications specific to IRR

A

acute dermal conditions

superficial metals in area

erythema ab igne - allergic reax

over eyes

cardiac insuff

51
Q

precautions for all superficial heating modalities

A

acute injury or inflammation

pregnancy

impaired circulation

poor thermal regulation

edema

metal close

over ares with applied topical counterirritants

demyelinated nerves

impaired sensation and mentations

52
Q

precautions specific to IRR

A

too much perspiration so wipe

53
Q

what are the adverse effects of heat

A

burn injuries
blister formation

54
Q

what is contrast bath

A

hydrotherapy using warm and cold water

warm - 38-44 deg
cold - 10-18 deg

55
Q

what is the advantage of contrast therapy

A

more bf due to the pumping mechanism created from vasodilation and vasoconstricition

56
Q

discuss the technique of contrast bath

A

3-4 mins in hot tas 1 min cold tas repeat for 5-6 times

alw end in warm water

57
Q

advantages of contrast bath

A

more vigorous circulatory effect
good contact for distal ex
provides pain control without aggravating edema
allows movement in water for better circulatory effects

58
Q

disadvantages of contrast bath

A

limb is in dependent position - not elevated
some cannot tolerate cold immersion

59
Q

when is contrast bath indicated

A

acute to subacute injuries

phys mod (9 decks)

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