superficial heat - application techniques Flashcards by PHILYP EPHRAIM PARANGALAN

what are hot moist packs made of

usually made of bentonite covered with canvas

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how are HMPs stored

in hydrocollator tank at 70-75 deg

initial heating - 2 hrs
reheat bet use - 30 mins

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how many layers of towels should we wrap the HMP

6-8 towels

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how many layers is the terry cloth

old - 1-2 layers equivalent
new - 4 layers

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what should your patient feel during HMP

mild comfortable moist warmth

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duration of HMP

15-20 mins

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what is PWB made of

paraffin wax and mineral oil at 6:1 or 7:1 ratio

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what is the purpose of mineral oil in PWB

to reduce melting temp from 54 deg to 45-50 deg

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what is the temp where PWB is stored at sa tank

52-57 deg

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what characteristic of PWB makes it unique

low specific heat and thermal conductivity meaning that it can transfer heat without burning the patient

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when is PWB usually used

in irregularly contoured areas

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methods of PWB

dip and wrap - 6-10 duos
dip immersion - 20 mins dapat lower temp
paint/brush method

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what should your patient feel during PWB

mild comfortable moist warmth

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duration of PWB

20-30 mins per 20 mins tlaga and after treatment pinapamold yung sa pt as exercise

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what is fluidotherapy

dry heating agent where you can control temp and flow of air so convection sha

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what are the advantages of HMP

inexpensive
easy appli

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what are the disadvantages of HMP

declining heating pattern

requires toweling

radial heat - kung san lng nakapatong dun lng mainit

no limb movement allowed

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what are the advantages of PWB

inexpensive
easy appli
circumferential heating

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what are the disadvantages of PWB

declining heating pattern

requires toweling

no limb movement allowed

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what are the advantages of fluidotherapy

constant heating pattern
circumferential heating
free limb movement

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what are the disadvantages of fluidotherapy

expensive
limited to extremities
bulky device

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what does the PT do pag cold na yung HMP or it’s too hot

cold - reduce layers
hot - add layers

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what is IRR

IR lamps emit EMR with a wavelength of 770 to 10^6 nm bet visible light and microwaves

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what are the possible fates of electro magnetic waves

reflected
refracted
transmitted
absorbed

what fate do we want for IRR

absorbed

explain the lambert cosine law

for optimal absorption - use the head perpendicularly or 90 deg 15 deg allowance but may some refraction na yun and beyond it reflect na lang

explain the inverse square law

intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared higher the intensity mas malayo; if less more neat to prevent burning

explain the law of grothus-draper or principle or chemical activation

ensure proper absorption of radiation for it to be beneficial

explain the arndt-schultz principle

dosage determination - there is an optimal amount of energy absorption per unit of time for beneficial results

explain the bunsen-roscoe law of reciprocity

intensity and duration is inversely proportional so adjust parameters in treatment

what are the 2 types of IRR

luminous IRR (short) and non-luminous IRR (long)

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of wavelength and frequency

luminous - higher frequency shorter wavelength non-luminous - lower frequency longer wavelength

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of absorption

luminous - epidermis and dermis non-luminous - stratum corneum

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of penetration

luminous - 1-3 mm non-luminous - 0.1 mm

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of rise in temp

luminous - vigorous non-luminous - small and gradual

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of perspiration

luminous - more non-luminous - less

what is luminous IRR made of

glowing source like tungsten or carbon filament

what is non-luminous IRR made of

non-glowing like carborundum w metal reflector

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of distance in appli

luminous - 45-60 cm or 18-24 in non-luminous - 74-91 cm or 29-36 in

compare luminous and non-luminous IRR in terms of pre-heating

luminous - no warm-up or 5 mins non-luminous - 5-10 mins warm-up

what should pt feel during IRR

mild, comfortable, dry warmth

duration of IRR

20 mins

what are the things a PT should do during IRR

if dry heat in uncomfortable - cover are w wet towel wipe sweat to avoid hotspots other areas including hairs can be covered w wet towel cover eyes w moist cotton balls if treating near face

what are the advantages of IRR

does not require contact area can easily be observed can be used to treat larger areas

what are the disadvantages of IRR

need for localizer to prevent dispersion dry heat is uncomfortable to some patients dehydration due to excessive perspiration

indications for all superficial heating modalities

subacute and chronic conditions pain muscle spasm stiff structures accelerate tissue healing

indications specific to IRR

pressure sores pero more on UVR adjunct to electrical stim to dec skin impedance psoriasis

what is skin impedance

usually sa bells palsy; may adhesion yung facial muscles so you would want to ES but has skin impedance so use IRR to dec that

contraindications for all superficial heating modalities

recent or potential hemorrhage bcs of more bf so more swelling thrombophlebitis - vasodilate can dislodge malignant tumor metal in area - conductor might burns

contraindications specific to IRR

acute dermal conditions superficial metals in area erythema ab igne - allergic reax over eyes cardiac insuff

precautions for all superficial heating modalities

acute injury or inflammation pregnancy impaired circulation poor thermal regulation edema metal close over ares with applied topical counterirritants demyelinated nerves impaired sensation and mentations

precautions specific to IRR

too much perspiration so wipe

what are the adverse effects of heat

burn injuries blister formation

what is contrast bath

hydrotherapy using warm and cold water warm - 38-44 deg cold - 10-18 deg

what is the advantage of contrast therapy

more bf due to the pumping mechanism created from vasodilation and vasoconstricition

discuss the technique of contrast bath

3-4 mins in hot tas 1 min cold tas repeat for 5-6 times alw end in warm water

advantages of contrast bath

more vigorous circulatory effect good contact for distal ex provides pain control without aggravating edema allows movement in water for better circulatory effects

disadvantages of contrast bath

limb is in dependent position - not elevated some cannot tolerate cold immersion

when is contrast bath indicated

acute to subacute injuries