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phys mod > diathermy > Flashcards

diathermy Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up an electromagnetic wave and how does it travel

A

alternate electric and magnetic waves that are perpendicular

travels via oscillatory motion

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2
Q

how fast does electromagnetic wave travel

A

3x10^8 m/s

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3
Q

compare non-ionizing vs ionizing

A

non - < or 10 eV; safe and cant break molecular bonds

ion - > 10 eV; leads to mutation or cell death

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4
Q

what are the forms of EM waves that are non-ionizing

A

radio
microwave
infrared
visible
UV

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5
Q

what are the forms of EM waves that are ionizing

A

x-ray and gamma ray

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6
Q

fates for EM

A

reflected
refracted
transmitted
absorbed

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7
Q

what is diathermy

A

use of shortwave and microwave energy to produce heat and bring physiological changes w/in tissues

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8
Q

wavelength of LWD

A

300-30 m

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9
Q

wavelength of SWD

A

30-3 m

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10
Q

wavelength of MWD

A

3-0.03 m

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11
Q

frequency of SWD

A

10-100 MHz

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12
Q

frequency of MWD

A

300 MHz - 300 GHz

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13
Q

penetration depth of LWD

A

deep

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14
Q

penetration depth of SWD

A

deeper

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15
Q

penetration depth of MWD

A

deepest

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16
Q

MWD has the deepest penetration out of all kinds of diathermy does that mean it produces most heat

A

no bcs that doesnt mean more heat effect on deeper structures; gets absorbed by fat

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17
Q

most common frequency band for SWD

A

27.12 MHz (11m)

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18
Q

most common frequency band for MWD

A

2,450 MHz (12 cm)

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19
Q

therapeutic use of LWD

A

no longer used bcs can cause electrical burns

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20
Q

therapeutic use of SWD

A

for rehab - thermal

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21
Q

therapeutic use of MWD

A

for rehab - thermal

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22
Q

factors for tissue absorption

A

amount of energy - inc nrg = inc absorb

tissue type - diff absorption rates

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23
Q

compare SWD to other agents

A

heats deeper tissues vs sficial agents

can heat larger areas vs US

not reflected by bones = no periosteal burning = pwede stationary vs US

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24
Q

compare MWD to other agents

A

has danger for overheating fats bcs energy is directly absorbed by tissues and some are reflected

so it reaches deepest but gets concentrated by fats

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25
Q

thermal effects of diathermy

A

pain control
accelerated tissue healing
inc BF - vasodil
inc metabolism
dec joint stiffness
inc collagen extensibility
muscle relaxation
conjunction w stretching to inc ROM

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26
Q

when are thermal effects of diathermy achieved

A

continuous mode

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27
Q

non-thermal effects of diathermy

A

inc microvascular perfusion - wound healing
modulates cell growth and div
accelerates CA binding to calmodulin
inc phagocytosis - SWD
inc ATP activity

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28
Q

further exp modulates cell growth and div due to diathermy

A

accelerates if slow and inhibits if fast

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29
Q

further accelerates Ca binding to calmodulin due to diathermy

A

inc cross bridges

30
Q

what type of diathermy specifically inc phagocytosis

A

SWD

31
Q

when are non-thermal effects of diathermy achieved

A

pulsed mode

32
Q

in summary what is the purpose of non-thermal effects

A

for wound healing talaga and to treat chronic inflammation

33
Q

what are the methods of SWD

A

capacitive plates - electric field

inductive coils - magnetic field

34
Q

what are the methods of MWD

A

magnetron - condenser

35
Q

what is the capacitive plate method

A

metal plate encased plastic or carbon rubber electrodes

high frequency AC = electric field = heating

36
Q

techniques of appli of capacitive plates

A

contra-planar/transverse

co-planar

36
Q

exp contra-planar/transverse
application

A

plate in series on each side of body part or sandwich

dapat din pantay distance to body of each bcs mas malapit = more heating

37
Q

exp co-planar application

A

plates in parallel on same body surface; usually used sa back para di ma heat yung internal organs on anterior side

38
Q

what are the 2 types of plates used in capacitive plating

A

capacitor or condenser electrodes (plate)

flexible or condenser pads

39
Q

what is the distance betw capacitive plate and skin

A

1-3 inches or 2-10 cm

40
Q

describe the heating in capacitive plates

A

produces more heat on superficial tissues kaya not effective if fats cover the deep muscle

41
Q

what is the inductive coil method

A

coil where AC flows - magnetic field - heat

42
Q

types of appli in inductive coils

A

drums - diplode and monode

sleeves w cables

43
Q

sleeves w cables advantage

A

circumferential effect on limbs

44
Q

describe the heating in inductive coils

A

most heating occurs on closest to applicator; fat is not an issue here

45
Q

distance to tissue for inductive coils

A

slight air gap

46
Q

SWD factors affecting field distribution

A

spacing - close to tissue = more superficial

small electrode size = more superficial

47
Q

what is magnetron

A

high freq AC in an antenna = electromagnetic field

48
Q

wehre is magnetron used

A

for smaller, defined areas

49
Q

discuss heating w magnetron

A

Heats less deeply than SWD bcs naabsorb ng fat or reflected = risk burn on sficial skin or fat

50
Q

distance of appli for magnetron

A

few inches

51
Q

heat distribution of inductive coil

A

fat - min

muscle - max

bone - none

52
Q

heat distribution of capacitive plate

A

fat - max

muscle - mod

bone - low

53
Q

heat distribution of magnetron

A

fat - max

muscle - max

bone - none

54
Q

heat distribution of US

A

fat - slight

muscle - max

bone - none

55
Q

patient’s perceived tissue heating in dose I

A

non-thermal

56
Q

patient’s perceived tissue heating in dose II

A

mild heat sensation

57
Q

patient’s perceived tissue heating in dose III

A

moderate heat - comfortable

58
Q

patient’s perceived tissue heating in dose IV

A

vigorous heating

59
Q

commonly used dose for therapy

A

dose II and III for mild comfortable dry warmth

60
Q

suggested clinical use for dose I

A

acute injuries - sprains, strains, etc.

61
Q

suggested clinical use for dose II

A

subacute injuries

62
Q

suggested clinical use for dose III

A

pain, muscle spasm, chronic inflammation

63
Q

suggested clinical use for dose IV

A

inc BF, heating of collagen fibers for stretching of soft tissues

64
Q

indications for diathermy for thermal level

A

pain control
accelerates tissue healing
decreases joint stiffness
increase soft tissue extensibility

65
Q

indications for diathermy for non-thermal level

A

pain and edema control - mod of CM func not GC

soft tissue healing - inc O2

nerve and bone healing pero animals lng

66
Q

contraindications for diathermy for thermal and non-thermal level

A

pacemakers or electronic-implants
metal implants
malignancies
thrombophelibitis
over abdomen, low back and pelvis of pregnant women

67
Q

contraindications for diathermy specific to thermal level

A

over eyes and testes
over growing epiphyses of children
hemorrhage
contact lenses

68
Q

contraindications for diathermy specific to non-thermal level

A

deep tissues - internal organs

69
Q

precautions of diathermy

A

electronic devices nearby - 3-5 m away dapat

copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptives

obesity - capacitive SWD and MWD

impaired sensation or circulation

decrease consciousness

over moist clothes or sweat

atrophic, infected or damaged skin

growing epiphyses of children - PSWD

excessive exposure of PT

70
Q

max exposure for PT

A

1-2 m - CSWD

0.5-1 m - PSWD

71
Q

adverse effects of diathermy

A

burns
blistering

phys mod (9 decks)

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