diathermy

Question 1

what makes up an electromagnetic wave and how does it travel

Answer 1

alternate electric and magnetic waves that are perpendicular

travels via oscillatory motion

Question 2

how fast does electromagnetic wave travel

Answer 2

3x10^8 m/s

Question 3

compare non-ionizing vs ionizing

Answer 3

non - < or 10 eV; safe and cant break molecular bonds

ion - > 10 eV; leads to mutation or cell death

Question 4

what are the forms of EM waves that are non-ionizing

Answer 4

radio
microwave
infrared
visible
UV

Question 5

what are the forms of EM waves that are ionizing

Answer 5

x-ray and gamma ray

Question 6

fates for EM

Answer 6

reflected
refracted
transmitted
absorbed

Question 7

what is diathermy

Answer 7

use of shortwave and microwave energy to produce heat and bring physiological changes w/in tissues

Question 8

wavelength of LWD

Answer 8

300-30 m

Question 9

wavelength of SWD

Answer 9

30-3 m

Question 10

wavelength of MWD

Answer 10

3-0.03 m

Question 11

frequency of SWD

Answer 11

10-100 MHz

Question 12

frequency of MWD

Answer 12

300 MHz - 300 GHz

Question 13

penetration depth of LWD

Answer 13

deep

Question 14

penetration depth of SWD

Answer 14

deeper

Question 15

penetration depth of MWD

Answer 15

deepest

Question 16

MWD has the deepest penetration out of all kinds of diathermy does that mean it produces most heat

Answer 16

no bcs that doesnt mean more heat effect on deeper structures; gets absorbed by fat

Question 17

most common frequency band for SWD

Answer 17

27.12 MHz (11m)

Question 18

most common frequency band for MWD

Answer 18

2,450 MHz (12 cm)

Question 19

therapeutic use of LWD

Answer 19

no longer used bcs can cause electrical burns

Question 20

therapeutic use of SWD

Answer 20

for rehab - thermal

Question 21

therapeutic use of MWD

Answer 21

for rehab - thermal

Question 22

factors for tissue absorption

Answer 22

amount of energy - inc nrg = inc absorb

tissue type - diff absorption rates

Question 23

compare SWD to other agents

Answer 23

heats deeper tissues vs sficial agents

can heat larger areas vs US

not reflected by bones = no periosteal burning = pwede stationary vs US

Question 24

compare MWD to other agents

Answer 24

has danger for overheating fats bcs energy is directly absorbed by tissues and some are reflected

so it reaches deepest but gets concentrated by fats

Question 25

thermal effects of diathermy

Answer 25

pain control accelerated tissue healing inc BF - vasodil inc metabolism dec joint stiffness inc collagen extensibility muscle relaxation conjunction w stretching to inc ROM

Question 26

when are thermal effects of diathermy achieved

Answer 26

continuous mode

Question 27

non-thermal effects of diathermy

Answer 27

inc microvascular perfusion - wound healing modulates cell growth and div accelerates CA binding to calmodulin inc phagocytosis - SWD inc ATP activity

Question 28

further exp modulates cell growth and div due to diathermy

Answer 28

accelerates if slow and inhibits if fast

Question 29

further accelerates Ca binding to calmodulin due to diathermy

Answer 29

inc cross bridges

Question 30

what type of diathermy specifically inc phagocytosis

Answer 30

SWD

Question 31

when are non-thermal effects of diathermy achieved

Answer 31

pulsed mode

Question 32

in summary what is the purpose of non-thermal effects

Answer 32

for wound healing talaga and to treat chronic inflammation

Question 33

what are the methods of SWD

Answer 33

capacitive plates - electric field inductive coils - magnetic field

Question 34

what are the methods of MWD

Answer 34

magnetron - condenser

Question 35

what is the capacitive plate method

Answer 35

metal plate encased plastic or carbon rubber electrodes high frequency AC = electric field = heating

Question 36

techniques of appli of capacitive plates

Answer 36

contra-planar/transverse co-planar

Question 36

exp contra-planar/transverse application

Answer 36

plate in series on each side of body part or sandwich dapat din pantay distance to body of each bcs mas malapit = more heating

Question 37

exp co-planar application

Answer 37

plates in parallel on same body surface; usually used sa back para di ma heat yung internal organs on anterior side

Question 38

what are the 2 types of plates used in capacitive plating

Answer 38

capacitor or condenser electrodes (plate) flexible or condenser pads

Question 39

what is the distance betw capacitive plate and skin

Answer 39

1-3 inches or 2-10 cm

Question 40

describe the heating in capacitive plates

Answer 40

produces more heat on superficial tissues kaya not effective if fats cover the deep muscle

Question 41

what is the inductive coil method

Answer 41

coil where AC flows - magnetic field - heat

Question 42

types of appli in inductive coils

Answer 42

drums - diplode and monode sleeves w cables

Question 43

sleeves w cables advantage

Answer 43

circumferential effect on limbs

Question 44

describe the heating in inductive coils

Answer 44

most heating occurs on closest to applicator; fat is not an issue here

Question 45

distance to tissue for inductive coils

Answer 45

slight air gap

Question 46

SWD factors affecting field distribution

Answer 46

spacing - close to tissue = more superficial small electrode size = more superficial

Question 47

what is magnetron

Answer 47

high freq AC in an antenna = electromagnetic field

Question 48

wehre is magnetron used

Answer 48

for smaller, defined areas

Question 49

discuss heating w magnetron

Answer 49

Heats less deeply than SWD bcs naabsorb ng fat or reflected = risk burn on sficial skin or fat

Question 50

distance of appli for magnetron

Answer 50

few inches

Question 51

heat distribution of inductive coil

Answer 51

fat - min muscle - max bone - none

Question 52

heat distribution of capacitive plate

Answer 52

fat - max muscle - mod bone - low

Question 53

heat distribution of magnetron

Answer 53

fat - max muscle - max bone - none

Question 54

heat distribution of US

Answer 54

fat - slight muscle - max bone - none

Question 55

patient's perceived tissue heating in dose I

Answer 55

non-thermal

Question 56

patient's perceived tissue heating in dose II

Answer 56

mild heat sensation

Question 57

patient's perceived tissue heating in dose III

Answer 57

moderate heat - comfortable

Question 58

patient's perceived tissue heating in dose IV

Answer 58

vigorous heating

Question 59

commonly used dose for therapy

Answer 59

dose II and III for mild comfortable dry warmth

Question 60

suggested clinical use for dose I

Answer 60

acute injuries - sprains, strains, etc.

Question 61

suggested clinical use for dose II

Answer 61

subacute injuries

Question 62

suggested clinical use for dose III

Answer 62

pain, muscle spasm, chronic inflammation

Question 63

suggested clinical use for dose IV

Answer 63

inc BF, heating of collagen fibers for stretching of soft tissues

Question 64

indications for diathermy for thermal level

Answer 64

pain control accelerates tissue healing decreases joint stiffness increase soft tissue extensibility

Question 65

indications for diathermy for non-thermal level

Answer 65

pain and edema control - mod of CM func not GC soft tissue healing - inc O2 nerve and bone healing pero animals lng

Question 66

contraindications for diathermy for thermal and non-thermal level

Answer 66

pacemakers or electronic-implants metal implants malignancies thrombophelibitis over abdomen, low back and pelvis of pregnant women

Question 67

contraindications for diathermy specific to thermal level

Answer 67

over eyes and testes over growing epiphyses of children hemorrhage contact lenses

Question 68

contraindications for diathermy specific to non-thermal level

Answer 68

deep tissues - internal organs

Question 69

precautions of diathermy

Answer 69

electronic devices nearby - 3-5 m away dapat copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptives obesity - capacitive SWD and MWD impaired sensation or circulation decrease consciousness over moist clothes or sweat atrophic, infected or damaged skin growing epiphyses of children - PSWD excessive exposure of PT

Question 70

max exposure for PT

Answer 70

1-2 m - CSWD 0.5-1 m - PSWD

Question 71

adverse effects of diathermy

Answer 71

burns blistering