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Block 6 > Superficial Face & Parotid Region > Flashcards

Superficial Face & Parotid Region Flashcards

0
Q

The superficial muscles of the face develop from the _________ pharyngeal arch and are innervated by branches of the __________ nerve.

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

Facial nerve CN VII

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1
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the skin of the face is supplied via the terminal branches of the 3 divisions of CN V (GSA). Name them and the foramina they traverse to reach the skin.

A

Supraorbital n. from V1 via supraorbital foramen
Infraorbital n. from V2 via infraorbital foramen
Mental n. from V3 via mental foramen

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2
Q

What muscle of the scalp is responsible for wrinkling the forehead and is commonly a target of Botox injections?

A

Occipitofrontalis

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3
Q

The orbicularis oculi is composed of three parts, name them and give their functions.

A

Orbital part- tightly contracts skin around eye

Palpebral part- Palpebral reflex

Lacrimal part- acts on the lacrimal sac

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4
Q

The orbicularis oris muscle serves what function?

A

Closes, protrudes lips and puckers mouth.

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5
Q

The buccinator m. serves what function?

A

Muscle of cheek important to eating, drinking, blowing balloons, etc.

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6
Q

The levator labii superioris m. serves what function?

A

Elevates upper lip

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7
Q

Name the three “smile” muscles

A

Zygomaticus major, levator labi superioris, levator anguli oris

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8
Q

The levator anguli oris m. serves what function?

A

Pulls corner of mouth upward

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9
Q

The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m. serves what function?

A

Elevates upper lip, flares nasal alar cartilages

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10
Q

The depressor labii inferioris m. serves what function?

A

Pulls lower lip down

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11
Q

The depressor anguli oris m. serves what function?

A

Pulls angle of mouth down

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12
Q

The mentalis muscle serves what function?

A

Pulls skin of chin upward

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13
Q

The platysma m. serves what function?

A

Elevates skin of thorax and neck

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14
Q

Describe the boundaries of the parotid bed.

A

Masseter m. anteriorly, zygomatic arch superiorly, pinna (auricle of ear) and SCM posteriorly.

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15
Q

Describe the course of the parotid duct as it leaves the anterior surface of the parotid gland inferior to the zygomatic arch.

A

The duct crosses the masseter m. and penetrates the buccinator m. to drain into the oral cavity at the level of the upper second molar tooth.

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16
Q

Within this structure, the trunk of the facial nerve divides into upper and lower divisions.

A

Parotid gland

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17
Q

What 3 neurovascular structures course deeply in the parotid gland?

A

Trunk and divisions of CN VII, retromandibular vein, upper part of external carotid artery.

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18
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland is via:

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal N.

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19
Q

The preganglionics of CN IX travel in the __________ and __________ __________ branches of CN IX to synapse in the otic ganglion located in the roof of the infratemporal fossa.

A

Tympanic and lesser petrosal branches

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20
Q

The postganglionic fibers of CN IX travel with the _____________ branch of the Mandibular nerve (V3) to innervate the parotid gland for salivation.

A

Auriculotemporal branch

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21
Q

GSA innervation to the parotid fascia (parotid capsule) is mixed with contributions from the _______ branch of CN V and ______ ventral rami of the cervical plexus.

A

V3 of CN V

C2-C3 ventral rami of the cervical plexus

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22
Q

What muscle is responsible for squinting or winking? Be specific.

A

Orbital part of Orbicularis oculi m.

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23
Q

The parotid fascia (or capsule) is a superior continuation of the __________ fascia of the neck.

A

Cervical or deep investing fascia of the neck

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24
Q

This space is found deep between the parotid fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia and communicates with the retropharyngeal space medially.

A

Lateral pharyngeal space

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25
Q

Name the two divisions of CN VII (facial n.) that innervate the muscles of facial expression and their terminal branches.

A

Superior division (temporofacial):
Temporal
Zygomatic

Inferior division (cervicofacial):
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

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26
Q

Describe the innervation to the parotid gland.

A
  1. Parasympathetic innervation from the Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) via otic ganglion.
  2. GSA to the parotid fascia is mixed- cervical plexus (C2-C3 via great auricular n.) and also from the V3 division of CN V.
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27
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the face is via:

A

All 3 major divisions of the Trigeminal nerve:
V1- supraorbital n.
V2- infraorbital n.
V3- mental n.

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28
Q

The mental n. is a continuation of this nerve that travels through the mandible.

A

Inferior alveolar n.

29
Q

The inferior alveolar n. is a continuation of this cranial nerve division.

A

V3 (Mandibular) from CN V (Trigeminal)

30
Q

The minor trigeminal cutaneous branch, supratrochlear n., is a branch off this division of CN V.

A

V1 (Opthalmic)

31
Q

This minor trigeminal cutaneous branch, zygomaticofacial n., is a branch off this division of CN V.

A

V2

32
Q

The minor trigeminal cutaneous branch, buccal n., is a branch off this division of CN V and provides sensory innervation to the area around the cheek.

A

V3

33
Q

The minor trigeminal cutaneous branch, auricotemporal n., is a branch off this division of CN V and innervates skin around the ear.

A

V3

34
Q

The tympanic nerve is a branch of this CN:

A

CN IX- Glossopharyngeal

35
Q

From what ganglion does the Tympanic n. arise?

A

Inferior ganglion of CN IX.

NOTE: no synapses occur in the superior and inferior ganglia, just multipolar cell bodies of GSA fibers to middle ear & post. 1/3 tongue tonsilar bed & oropharynx and GVA to carotid body in ganglia.

36
Q

The superior ganglion of CN IX lies in this foramen:

A

Jugular foramen

37
Q

The inferior ganglion of CN IX lies just inferior to this foramen:

A

Jugular foramen

38
Q

What supplies GSA to the middle ear including the auditory tube?

A

Tympanic n. from CN IX- Glossopharyngeal

39
Q

Beyond the bony canal and middle ear, fibers of the tympanic nerve continue on as the _______ ___________ nerve to the otic ganglion.

A

Lesser petrosal n.

40
Q

Postganglionics from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland travel alongside fibers of this CN:

A

V3 of CN V

41
Q

The lesser petrosal n. passes forward through the __________ part of the temporal bone and emerges through the hiatus of the lesser petrosal n. onto the floor or the middle cranial cavity.

A

Petrous

42
Q

List the foramina CN IX traverses on its course to the otic ganglion.

A
  1. Jugular foramen
  2. Bony canal in bone separating carotid canal and jugular foramen
  3. Foramen ovale
43
Q

What is the one and only place where pre and postganglionic fibers of CN IX synapse?

A

Otic ganglion

44
Q

Preganglionic fibers of CN IX are found in which two nerves?

A

Tympanic & lesser petrosal nn.

45
Q

The primary blood supply to the anterior face is via the _______ artery.

A

Facial artery

46
Q

The facial artery is a major branch off the ________ ________ artery.

A

External carotid

47
Q

The facial artery travels superficial or deep to the zygomaticus major m.?

A

Deep

48
Q

The facial artery can share a common origin with this major branch of the ECA:

A

Lingual artery

49
Q

The posterior auricular artery runs parallel to this muscle as it leaves the ECA:

A

Stylohyoid m.

50
Q

The posterior auricular a. arises from the external carotid artery immediately above the _________ ________ of the digastric m.

A

Posterior belly of the digastric m.

51
Q

Along its course, the ________ ________ artery supplies the parotid gland and the muscles of the styloid process and posterior belly of the digastric m.

A

Posterior auricular artery

52
Q

The transverse facial artery is a branch off of this branch of the ECA:

A

Superficial temporal

53
Q

The maxillary artery runs deep or superficial to to the mandible?

A

Deep

54
Q

The superficial temporal artery has its start deep to this organ of the lateral face:

A

Parotid gland

55
Q

The superficial temporal artery crosses the zygomatic arch at which point, anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

56
Q

The superficial temporal artery divides into _______ and ________ divisions after entering the temporal region of the scalp.

A

Frontal and temporal regions

57
Q

Some of the blood supply to the area just above the nose and eyebrows actually derives from the ICA by way of the __________ artery which is located in the orbit.

A

Opthalmic artery.

58
Q

There are two main routes for venous drainage from the face. Name them.

A

Internal jugular and external jugular.

59
Q

The facial vein drains into the ________ jugular vein.

A

Internal jugular vein

60
Q

These two veins join to form the retromandibular vein:

A

superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein.

61
Q

The EJVein is formed by the confluence of ________ with _______ _________ vein.

A

retromandibular with posterior auricular vein.

62
Q

Infections of the face can potentially spread to deep areas, including the brain through connections between:

A

Superficial veins with deeper plexuses including the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus.

63
Q

The encapsulated mass of fat lying superficial to the buccinator m. at the anterior border of the masseter m. is called the:

A

Buccal fat pad

64
Q

Two important structures cross superficial to the buccal fat pad. Name them.

A

Parotid duct and buccal branches of CN VII.

65
Q

Parotid gland tumors are typically benign (80%), and involve the superficial or deep part of the gland?

A

Superficial

66
Q

This nervous structure is in danger of being invaded by malignant parotid gland tumors:

A

CN VII (facial)

67
Q

The most common nontraumatic cause of facial nerve paralysis is:

A

Inflammation of the nerve near its exit point at the stylomastoid foramen.

68
Q

The most common cause of facial nerve paralysis is:

A

Bell’s Palsy- a common acute mononeuropathy

69
Q

The pterygoid venous plexus drains into 3 veins/sinuses. Name them.

A

Facial v.
Maxillary v.
Cavernous sinus

Block 6 (19 decks)

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