Superficial Face And Muslces Of Facial Expression

Question 1

Which nerve does the motor innervation of the face come?

Answer 1

Motor innervation comes from cranial nerve 7 the facial nerve

Question 2

Cutaneous/sensory innervation from the face comes from the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, where do the 3 branches of this nerve exit the skull to go onto supply the face?

Answer 2

CNV1 - exits via the supra-orbital fissure to go onto supply skin over the forehead, upper eyelid and root of the nose

CNV2 - exits via the foramen rotundum to go onto supply are over the temporal region, the lower eyelid, upper lip and part of the cheek

CNV3 - exits via the foramen ovale and goes onto supply much of the temporal region, remainder of the cheek and lower lip and chin

Question 3

The posterior part of the scalp cutenous supply comes from cervical nerves 2 and 3, what are these nerves and what other areas do they supply?

Answer 3

They supply the scalp, the skin over the angle of the mandible is supplied by the cervical plexus of 2 and 3 with the greater auricular nerve.

C2 and 3 also supply the parotid gland and inferior aspect of the external ear

Question 4

How does CN7 enter and exit the skull

Answer 4

It enters the skull via the internal aucoustic meatus and exits via the stylomastiod foramen

Question 5

CN7 has many branches, which are they and when do they branch off

Answer 5

When CN7 exits via the stylomastiod foramen, it gives off two branches the posterior auricular and the diagastric.

The main nerve then enters the parotid gland where the 5 terminal branches arise from a plexus within the gland
- terminal
- buccal
-zygomatic
- marginal mandibular
- cervical

Question 6

Which pharyngeal branch does CN7 derivative from

Answer 6

2nd

Question 7

The posterior auricular branch of her facial nerve isn’t one of the main branches of CN7, what does it supply

Answer 7

Goes onto supply the Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis and auricular muscles

Question 8

The cervical branch of the facial nerve goes onto supply the platysma - where does it pass before this happpens

Answer 8

This happens the facial nerve exits the cranium via the internal aucostic meatus and exits the skull via the stylomastiod foramen

Question 9

The occipitofrontlalis muscle has both a frontal and occipital belly, what is the function of each and what do they work together to do?

Answer 9

Frontal belly protracts scalp and the occipital belly retracts the scalp, when they work together they elevate the eyebrows and produce transverse wrinkles across the forehead

• producing a look os surprise

Question 10

How is the occipitofrontlalis innverated?

Answer 10

The frontal belly via the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the occipital belly via the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve

Question 11

The obicularis oculi muscle contains two parts - the palpebral and orbital parts. What is their innveration and function?

Answer 11

Palpebral - involuntary closing of the eyelid, gently, blink reflex

Orbital - voluntary movement of the eyelid - tightly

Innveration is the temporal and zygomatic branches of CN7

Question 12

Which type of muscle is the obicularis Orishas

Answer 12

It is a sphincter muscle which encircles the mouth

Question 13

How does the obicularis muscle work with the buccinator

Answer 13

The obicularis oris muscle fibres mingle with the buccinator and the two muscles work together to compress the cheeks and the lips against the teeth and gums and work alongside the tongue to keep food on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth

Question 14

If the obicularis oris is somewhat compromised what can happen to the teeth?

Answer 14

Usually the obicularis oris provides a gentle resistance which prevents the teeth from tilting outwards and developing to be crooked and protrusive

Question 15

Which muscle is used in whistling, kissing and and blowing

Answer 15

Obicularis oris

Question 16

What separates the buccinator from the superior pharyngeal constrictor posteriorly

Answer 16

Pterygomandibular raphe

Question 17

Which muscle is being used when someone blows out thier cheeks

Answer 17

Buccinator

Question 18

Why do infants have a larger buccal pad

Answer 18

To reinforce their cheeks and support them during feeding

Question 19

Wha is the function of the parotid duct and which muscles does it pierce

Answer 19

The parotid duct superficially passes the masses tear muscle before reaching the buccinator to pierce it,it transports the saliva from the parotid gland into the oral cavity, entering in the upper jaw near the 2nd molar

Question 20

What are the actions of the platysma muslce

Answer 20

To tense the skin of the inferior face and neck and depresses the mandible

Question 21

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma muscle

Answer 21

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

Question 22

Which group of muscles act together to widen the mouth or to lift or depress the corners of the mouth

Answer 22

The Dilator muslces

Question 23

What is largely responsible for people having dimples

Answer 23

Modoilus - where as many as 9 facial muscles meet

Question 24

Which artery gives the majority of the blood supply to the face

Answer 24

Mainly the external carotid artery with some for internal carotid

Question 25

Which muslces does the facial artery sit deep to

Answer 25

The zygomaticus major and the levator labii superioris

It runs over the face about a fingers breadth lateral to the angle of the mouth and up to the medial angle of the eye

Question 26

Which artery supplies the parotid gland and duct?

Answer 26

The transverse facial artery which is a branch of the superficial temporal artery from the ECA

Question 27

What is the main venous drainage of the face?

Answer 27

Facial vein drains most of the face into the internal jugular vein

The transverse facial vein drains some of the face

Question 28

What is unusual about the veins of the face

Answer 28

They are valveless

Question 29

Which vein does the facial vein communicate with that drains into the cavernous sinus

Answer 29

The superior ophthalmic vein

Question 30

The superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein join to form which vein

Answer 30

The retromandibular vein

Question 31

Once the retromandibular vein emerges from the parotid gland what happens

Answer 31

It divides into an anterior and posteior brach

The anterior branch unites with the facial vein

The posterior branch gives rise to external jugular vein , passes then interiorly to SCM and empties into the subclavian vein

Question 32

What is the arteial blood supply to the ears

Answer 32

The external carotid artery via the posterior auricular and superficial temporal artery’s

Question 33

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ear

Answer 33

Same as scalp

Via the parotid and mastoid nodes to deep cervical nodes

Question 34

What is the function of the eyelids

Answer 34

It protects eye from injury and excessive light, they also keep the cornea moist by spreading lacrimal fluid

Question 35

Where are the eyelids joined

Answer 35

They are joined at each end of the palpebral fissure between the eyelids and at the medial and lateral angels of the eye

Question 36

The eyelids are covered externally by thin skin ad internally by transparent mucous membrane, the conjunctiva, what are the two pests of the conjunctiva?

Answer 36

The palpebrar and the bulbar conjunctiva

The palpebrar conjunctiva on the posteior surface is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva which is loosely attached to the anteior surface of the eye ball

Question 37

What is the space bound by the two layers of conjunctiva called and what is its function

Answer 37

It is the conjunctival sac

This allows the eyelids to move freely over the surface of the eyeball as they open and close

Question 38

What are the dense bands of connective tissue - tarsus
Used for in the eye

Answer 38

They are for eyelid support

From a Skeleton of sorts for the eyelids

Question 39

Which nerves provide sensory innveration to the eyes

Answer 39

CNV1 and CNV2

Question 40

What is the lymphatic drainage of the eyes

Answer 40

Via the parotid nodes