Superficial Face And Muslces Of Facial Expression Flashcards
Which nerve does the motor innervation of the face come?
Motor innervation comes from cranial nerve 7 the facial nerve
Cutaneous/sensory innervation from the face comes from the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, where do the 3 branches of this nerve exit the skull to go onto supply the face?
CNV1 - exits via the supra-orbital fissure to go onto supply skin over the forehead, upper eyelid and root of the nose
CNV2 - exits via the foramen rotundum to go onto supply are over the temporal region, the lower eyelid, upper lip and part of the cheek
CNV3 - exits via the foramen ovale and goes onto supply much of the temporal region, remainder of the cheek and lower lip and chin
The posterior part of the scalp cutenous supply comes from cervical nerves 2 and 3, what are these nerves and what other areas do they supply?
They supply the scalp, the skin over the angle of the mandible is supplied by the cervical plexus of 2 and 3 with the greater auricular nerve.
C2 and 3 also supply the parotid gland and inferior aspect of the external ear
How does CN7 enter and exit the skull
It enters the skull via the internal aucoustic meatus and exits via the stylomastiod foramen
CN7 has many branches, which are they and when do they branch off
When CN7 exits via the stylomastiod foramen, it gives off two branches the posterior auricular and the diagastric.
The main nerve then enters the parotid gland where the 5 terminal branches arise from a plexus within the gland
- terminal
- buccal
-zygomatic
- marginal mandibular
- cervical
Which pharyngeal branch does CN7 derivative from
2nd
The posterior auricular branch of her facial nerve isn’t one of the main branches of CN7, what does it supply
Goes onto supply the Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis and auricular muscles
The cervical branch of the facial nerve goes onto supply the platysma - where does it pass before this happpens
This happens the facial nerve exits the cranium via the internal aucostic meatus and exits the skull via the stylomastiod foramen
The occipitofrontlalis muscle has both a frontal and occipital belly, what is the function of each and what do they work together to do?
Frontal belly protracts scalp and the occipital belly retracts the scalp, when they work together they elevate the eyebrows and produce transverse wrinkles across the forehead
- producing a look os surprise
How is the occipitofrontlalis innverated?
The frontal belly via the temporal branch of the facial nerve and the occipital belly via the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve
The obicularis oculi muscle contains two parts - the palpebral and orbital parts. What is their innveration and function?
Palpebral - involuntary closing of the eyelid, gently, blink reflex
Orbital - voluntary movement of the eyelid - tightly
Innveration is the temporal and zygomatic branches of CN7
Which type of muscle is the obicularis Orishas
It is a sphincter muscle which encircles the mouth
How does the obicularis muscle work with the buccinator
The obicularis oris muscle fibres mingle with the buccinator and the two muscles work together to compress the cheeks and the lips against the teeth and gums and work alongside the tongue to keep food on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth
If the obicularis oris is somewhat compromised what can happen to the teeth?
Usually the obicularis oris provides a gentle resistance which prevents the teeth from tilting outwards and developing to be crooked and protrusive
Which muscle is used in whistling, kissing and and blowing
Obicularis oris
What separates the buccinator from the superior pharyngeal constrictor posteriorly
Pterygomandibular raphe
Which muscle is being used when someone blows out thier cheeks
Buccinator
Why do infants have a larger buccal pad
To reinforce their cheeks and support them during feeding
Wha is the function of the parotid duct and which muscles does it pierce
The parotid duct superficially passes the masses tear muscle before reaching the buccinator to pierce it,it transports the saliva from the parotid gland into the oral cavity, entering in the upper jaw near the 2nd molar
What are the actions of the platysma muslce
To tense the skin of the inferior face and neck and depresses the mandible
Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma muscle
Cervical branch of the facial nerve
Which group of muscles act together to widen the mouth or to lift or depress the corners of the mouth
The Dilator muslces
What is largely responsible for people having dimples
Modoilus - where as many as 9 facial muscles meet
Which artery gives the majority of the blood supply to the face
Mainly the external carotid artery with some for internal carotid
Which muslces does the facial artery sit deep to
The zygomaticus major and the levator labii superioris
It runs over the face about a fingers breadth lateral to the angle of the mouth and up to the medial angle of the eye
Which artery supplies the parotid gland and duct?
The transverse facial artery which is a branch of the superficial temporal artery from the ECA
What is the main venous drainage of the face?
Facial vein drains most of the face into the internal jugular vein
The transverse facial vein drains some of the face
What is unusual about the veins of the face
They are valveless
Which vein does the facial vein communicate with that drains into the cavernous sinus
The superior ophthalmic vein
The superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein join to form which vein
The retromandibular vein
Once the retromandibular vein emerges from the parotid gland what happens
It divides into an anterior and posteior brach
The anterior branch unites with the facial vein
The posterior branch gives rise to external jugular vein , passes then interiorly to SCM and empties into the subclavian vein
What is the arteial blood supply to the ears
The external carotid artery via the posterior auricular and superficial temporal artery’s
What is the lymphatic drainage of the ear
Same as scalp
Via the parotid and mastoid nodes to deep cervical nodes
What is the function of the eyelids
It protects eye from injury and excessive light, they also keep the cornea moist by spreading lacrimal fluid
Where are the eyelids joined
They are joined at each end of the palpebral fissure between the eyelids and at the medial and lateral angels of the eye
The eyelids are covered externally by thin skin ad internally by transparent mucous membrane, the conjunctiva, what are the two pests of the conjunctiva?
The palpebrar and the bulbar conjunctiva
The palpebrar conjunctiva on the posteior surface is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva which is loosely attached to the anteior surface of the eye ball
What is the space bound by the two layers of conjunctiva called and what is its function
It is the conjunctival sac
This allows the eyelids to move freely over the surface of the eyeball as they open and close
What are the dense bands of connective tissue - tarsus
Used for in the eye
They are for eyelid support
From a Skeleton of sorts for the eyelids
Which nerves provide sensory innveration to the eyes
CNV1 and CNV2
What is the lymphatic drainage of the eyes
Via the parotid nodes
