Clincal Applications Flashcards
What is the emergency ariaway procedure
The cricothyroid ligament is pierced with a 1mm needle when a patient cannot breathe. An example of when this might happen is in an anaphylactic shock
What is goitre and how does this happen
This is an enlarged thyroid gland, ofte caused by grave diease or iodine defieciencey.
Patient presents with a distended EJC and you can hear a bruit, what condition might you think of.
Conjestive heart failure
Lymph node englargement can be felt during an extra-oral examination. What are the typical presentations of an infection and a malignancy
Inflamed and tender = infection
Inflamed and hard = malignancy
What artery is most commonly affected in Hortons diease
The superficial temporal artery, it is inflammation of the artery which can lead to decreased 02 supply leading to blindness and stroke
Why will the scalp heal quickly following laceration
Because it is a highly vascularised so it will bleed profusely but it will heal quickly
What is a berry aneurysm
This is an outpouching of a cerebral artery which may rupture and this has a high mortality rate
An occlusion to which cerebral artery would cause affects to both Broca’s and wernickes area
The middle cerebral artery
How may a cavernous sinus thrombosis happen
Bacteria from a third molar abscess may pass through the ptergygoid venous plexus through the spee holiday emissary veins to the cavernous sinus.
The Bacteria may then multiply due to the slow blood flow causing a thrombosis.
What are the symptoms of a cavernous sinus thrombosis
Fever and swollen eye
Swollen eye because the blood id not being drained from the ophthalmic veins
How might an ear infection cause facial nerve palsy
Because an ear infection could cause the mastoid air cells to become infected, as the facial nerve runs by the mastoid process it could be infected by this
Why may be there prolonged anaesthesia when an IDB is delivered into the parotid gland
This is because of the dense fibrous capsule surrounding the parotid gland meaning that the anaesthetic is unable to escape leaving prolonged affects
What two nerves will be affected when there is a stroke in the internal capsule - what will the affects be
The facial and hypoglossal nerve
Facial paralysis below the eyebrows on contralateral side and tongue deviation to contralateral side
What is the name of bony protections which can block Arteries, nerves and veins and cause pain when turning head to the side
Osteophyctes
Damage to cerivcal sympathetic trunk causing what condition and what are the presenting symptoms
Horners syndrome
Miosis( pupil constriction), Ptosis( drooping of eyelid) and anhydorsis( lack of sweating)
If there is swelling of the parotid gland which Cranial nerve would this apply pressure to
Glossopharnygeal
In trigeminal neuralgia where is the compression of the nerve happening and what medication can be used to treat it
It is no known cause but there is compression of the nerve at the foramen ovale
Carbamazepine can be prescribed
Why is salivary caniculi more. Common in the submandibular duct.
What nerve may be at risk during their removal and what radiograph would you want to take first
This is because of the uphill flow of saliva in the duct
Lingual nerve
Manidublar true occlusal
What artery sits just behind the pharyngeal recess that may be at risk in a biopsy if there is a pharyngeal recess tumour
Internal carotid artery
What is a grommet used to treat
Glue ear/serious otitis media
Insertion into the tympanic membrane allowing air into the middle ear
Wha happens in serious otitis media
There will be a blockage of the auditory tube usually by overgrowth of the tubal tonsils.
This may be caused by recurrent infection, if this occurs air cannot get into the middle ear so. The air is no longer refreshed. This leads to a proliferation of the goblet cell and a large amount of mucous is secreted.- glue ear
What is chronic otitis media
Infection of the middle a ear leading to a tympanic membrane perforation and pus will leak. Into the external auditory meatu
If a child has inserted a small toy into their nose and it has become lodged in their inferior meatus what might the presenting symptoms be
Pus build up and bad breathe
Which cranial nerve may be responsible for reffered pain from toothache to the ear
Trigeminal
What is responsible for a runny nose when you are crying or when it’s cold
The nasolacrimal duct - this drains tears from the lacrimal sac to just under the inferior nasal concha
What is the name of the two areas where fish bones may get stuck
Pirform fossa and valleccula