Organisation Of Neck And Posterior Triangle

Question 1

What are the boundaries Of the neck?

Answer 1

Superior = Base of skull and inferior border of mandible
Inferior = Top Sternum, clavicle and acromion (anterior) C7 (posterior )

Question 2

What are the functions of the neck

Answer 2

Houses Critical structures/organs
Allows for flexibility and movement of these sensory organs

Question 3

Why is the neck vulnerable

Answer 3

Because it has no bony protection for the vital structures, major BV Could be damaged

Question 4

What are the 3 compartments of the neck?

Answer 4

Visceral (midline) - contains parts of respiratory ( trachea ), digestive ( oesophagus) and endo glands ( thyroid and para thyroid)
Vascular ( lateral)- blood vessels and nerves contains carotid sheath, internal jugular and vagus nerve
Vertebral ( midline) cervical spine, muscles of the neck and back and nerve roots of cervical nerves

Question 5

What are the names of the three layers of deep fascia?

Answer 5

Investing, pretracheal and prevertebral

Question 6

Which layer of fascia is the platysma muscle contained

Answer 6

Superficial layer

Question 7

Which is the layer of fascia that surrounds the neck completely and splits to enclose trapezius and SCM

Answer 7

Investing Fascia

Question 8

How is the suprasternal space formed

Answer 8

The investing layer of fascia divides to enclose both heads of the SCM forming the space

Question 9

What does the pretracheal layer of fascia enclose in the visceral part

Answer 9

Encloses trachea, oesophagus and thyroid gland

Question 10

Which layer of deep fascia surrounds vertebral column and forms a connection between head and thorax

Answer 10

Prevertebral layer

Question 11

What is the carotid sheath

Answer 11

Deep fascia which surrounds the vascular component of the neck ( the great vessels of the neck)

Question 12

Why is the carotid sheath a potential pathway for infection

Answer 12

Because it connects the cranial cavity with the thorax.

Runs form foramen of carotid canal to aortic arch

Question 13

What is the large muscle in between the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck

Answer 13

Sternocleidmastiod

Question 14

What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastiod

Answer 14

2 heads
Sternal head ( rounded) = Manibrium of sternum
Clavicular head ( thick and fleshy)= superior surface of medial third of the clavicle

Question 15

Where does the SCM insert

Answer 15

Lateral surface of the mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 16

Innervation of SCM

Answer 16

Spinal Accessory nerve CNXI

Crosses posterior triangle to innervate

Question 17

Action of SCM

Answer 17

When both muscles act together draws the head forward.

Tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder while turning face contralaterally

Question 18

Origin of Trapezius

Answer 18

Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process C7-T12

Question 19

Trapezius insetion

Answer 19

Lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 20

Trapezius innveration

Answer 20

Spinal accessory nerve

Question 21

Action of trapezius

Answer 21

Assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus; upper fibres elevate, middle adduct and. Lower depresses scapula

Question 22

Where does thee external jugular vein drain into

Answer 22

Into the subclavian vein which runs deep to the clavicle

Question 23

Where does the anterior jugular vein drain into

Answer 23

External jugular vein

Question 24

If a patient has raised venous pressure how will there external jugular vein appear

Answer 24

Distended and raised