Superficial/Deep Back Muscles Flashcards
Trapezius: origin
Descending: EOP, superior part of nuchal ligament
Transverse: inferior part of nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T3
Ascending: supraspinous ligament, spinous process T4-T12
Trapezius: actions and insertions
Antagonists?
Actions: elevates, depresses, retracts and rotates scapula
Insertions:
Descending trapezius = lateral 1/3 clavicle
Transverse trapezius = acromion
Ascending trapezius = scapular spine
Antagonist: serratus anterior, latissimus
Trapezius: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: dorsal scapular artery
Nervous: CNXI, VPR C3-C4
Levator scapulae: actions and insertion
Antagonists?
Actions: elevate scapula
Insertions: superior angle/superior part of medial border of the scapula
Antagonist: latissimus dorsi, trapezius, serratus anterior
Levator scapular: origin
Transverse processes C1-C4
Levator scapulae: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: dorsal scapular artery
Nervous: VPR dorsal scapular nerve (C5
Upper part by VPR C3-C4)
Rhomboid minor: actions and insertion
Antagonist?
Action: retracts, superiorly rotates, steadies scapula
Insertion: medial border superior to scapular spine
Antagonist: serratus anterior
Rhomboid minor: origins
Spinous process C6-C7/C7-T1
Rhomboid minor: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: dorsal scapular artery
Nervous: VPR dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Rhomboid major: actions and insertion
Antagonists?
Action: retracts, superiorly rotates to depress glenoid cavity, steadies scapula
Insertion: medial border of scapula inferior to spine
Antagonist: serratus anterior
Rhomboid major: origin
Spinous processes T1-T4/T3-T5
Rhomboid major: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: dorsal scapular artery
Nervous supply: VPR dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Latissimus dorsi: actions and insertions
Antagonists?
Action: adducts, extends, medial rotates arm
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Antagonist: deltoid and trapezius
Latissimus dorsi: origins
From vertebral to scapula to ribs to iliac
Spinous process T7-T12/T7-L5 and thoracolumbar fascia
Inferior angle of scapula
9th to 12th ribs
Iliac crest (posterior 1/3)
Latissimus dorsi: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: thoracodorsal artery (branch of subscapsular)
Nervous: thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Teres major: actions and insertions
Antagonist?
Action: internal/medial rotation, adduction and extension of the arm
Insertion: crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus (anterior angle)
Antagonist: teres minor
Teres major: origin
Inferior angle of scapula (shared with the latissimus dorsi)
Teres major: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: subscapular artery
Nervous: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)
Name the muscles in the erector spinae group
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis: action and insertion (3 parts)
Action: extends spine, ipsilateral bending
Insertions:
Cervicis - transverse processes C4-C6
Thoracic - 1-6 ribs
Lumborum - 6-12 ribs, deep thoracolumbar fascia, transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae
Iliocostalis: origins (3 parts)
Cervicis: 3-7 ribs
Thoracis: 7-12 ribs
Lumborum: thoracolumbar fascia, sacrum, iliac crest
Iliocostalis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: segmentally by deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar (goes all the way down)
Nervous: DPR segmentally (C8-L1)
Longissimus: actions and insertions (3 parts)
Action: extends head and spine, ipsilaterally flexes and rotates head and spine
Insertions:
Capitis - mastoid process of temporal bone
Cervicis - transverse processes C2-C5
Thoracis - 2-12 ribs, transverse processes of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae
Longissimus: origins (3 parts)
Capitis: transverse processes of C4-C7, T1-T3
Cervicis: transverse processes of T1-T6
Thoracis: transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, spinous process of lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and iliac crest
Longissimus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar arteries
Nervous: DPR (C1-L5)
Spinalis: action and insertions (2 parts)
Action: extend cervical and thoracic spine, ipsilateral bending of cervical and thoracic spine
Insertions:
Cervicis: spinous processes C2-C5
Thoracis: spinous process/lateral surfaces of T2-T8
Spinalis: origins (2 parts)
Cervicis: spinous processes C5-T2
Thoracis: spinous processes/lateral surfaces of T10-L3
Spinalis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar arteries
Nervous: DPR
What are the muscles in the transversospinalis group and why are they called that?
Multifidus
Rotatores
Semispinalis
They are called this because the rotate to the OPPOSITE side (contralateral)
What origins do the erector spinae group have in common?
Posterior sacrum
Sacro-iliac ligaments
Broad tendon inferiorly attached to posterior iliac crest
Spinous processes of sacrum
Spinous process of inferior lumbar
Rotatores: action and insertions (2 lengths)
Action: extends spine, contralateral rotation
Insertions:
Breves - shorter, between transverse and spinous process of adjacent processes T1-T12
Longus - between transverse and spinous processes every other vertebrae T1-T12
Rotatores: origins
Origins are the same as insertions (between every vertebrae for brevis, every other for longus…between transverse and spinous processes)
Rotatores: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries
Nervous: DPR
Multifidus: action and insertions
Action: extend spine, ipsilaterally flex spine, contralateral rotation
Insertions: between transverse and spinous processes every 2-4 from C2 to sacrum
Multifidus: origins
The same as origins (between transverse and spinous processes every 2-4 vertebrae from C2 to sacrum)
Multifidus: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries
Nervous: DPR
Semispinalis: action and insertions (3 parts)
Action: extends head and thoracic and cervical spines, craniovertebral joint stabilization
If contracting on one side…bends head, cervical and thoracic spines, contralateral rotation
Insertions:
Capitis - between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Cervicis- spinous processes C2-C5
Thoracis - spinous processes C6-T4
Semispinalis: origins (3 parts)
Capitis: transverse and articular processes from C4-T7
Cervicis: transverse processes T1-T6
Thoracis: transverse processes T6-T12
Semispinalis: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular: deep cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries
Nervous: DPR
Name the group making up the deep segmental back muscles
Interspinales
Intertransversarii
Levatores costratum
Interspinales: actions and origin/insertion
Action: extends cervical and lumber spines
Origin is the same as insertions:
Cervicis - between adjacent spinous processes from C1-C7
Lumborum - between adjacent spinous processes from L1-L5
Interspinales: nervous supply
Nervous: DPR
Intertransversarii: action and insertions/origins
Action: bilateral stabilization and extension of cervical/lumbar spines
Unilaterally and ipsilaterally bends cervical/lumbar spines
Origins and insertions are between adjacent vertebrae:
Anteriores cervicis - between anterior tubercles from C2-C7
Posterior cervicis - between posterior tubercles from C2-C7
Mediales lumborum - between mammillary processes from L1-L5
Laterales lumborum - between transverse processes from L1-L5
Intertransversarii: nervous supply
Nervous: DPR
Levatores costarum: action and insertions (2 parts)
Action: extends thoracic spine, unilaterally+ipsilaterally bends, contralaterally rotates
Insertion:
Costarum breves - costal angle of the rib below
Costarum longi - costal angle of rib two vertebral-levels below
Levatores costarum: origins
Breves and longi have the same origin
Transverse processes C7-T11
Levatores costarum: nervous supply
DPR
Serratus posterior: action and insertion (2 parts)
Action:
Superior - elevates ribs
Inferior - depresses ribs
Insertion:
Superior - 2-4 ribs (superior border)
Inferior- 8-12 ribs (inferior border)
Serratus posterior: origin (2 parts)
Superior: nuchal ligament, C7-T3 spinous processes
Inferior: T11-L2 spinous processes
Serratus posterior: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular:
Superior - posterior intercostal (1-4)
Inferior - lower posterior intercostal, subcostal, first two lumbar
Nervous:
VPR
Splenius: action and insertion
Action: bilateral head/neck extension, ipsilaterally rotation and lateral flexion
Insertion:
Capitis - mastoid process
Cervicis - transverse process C1-C3
Splenius: origin
Capitis: nuchal ligament, spinous processes C6-T3
Cervicis: spinous processes T3-T6
Splenius: vascular and nervous supply
Vascular:
Capitis - muscular branches of aorta
Cervicis - transverse cervical, occipital artery
Nervous: DPR