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Anatomy Lab > Axilla/UE > Flashcards

Axilla/UE Flashcards

0
Q

Pectoralis major: origins (2 portions)

A

Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial 1/2 clavicle

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1
Q

Pectoralis Major: action and insertion (2 portions)

A

Action: 2 portions together adduct arm at the shoulder, medially rotate arm
Sternocostal portion - extends arm from flexed position
Clavicular portion - flexes humerus at shoulder

Insertions: same for both portions
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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2
Q

Pectoralis major: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Nervous: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Sternocostal head - C7, C8, T1
Clavicular head - C5, C6

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3
Q

Pectoralis minor: action and insertion

A

Action: stabilize scapula by pulling it inferiorly/anteriorly against thoracic wall
Raises ribs for inspiration

Insertion: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process

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4
Q

Pectoralis minor: origin

A

Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk

Nervous: medial pectoral nerve C8-T1

Pectoralis minor is pierced by 2-3 branches of the medial pectoral nerve that tries to reach the pectoralis major. Medial nerve serves both, but lateral pectoral nerve only serves the major

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6
Q

Deltoid: action and insertions (3 parts)

A

Action:

  • anterior/clavicular: flexes arm at shoulder, medially rotates humerus
  • lateral/acromial: abducts arm at shoulder most effective past 15degrees
  • posterior/scapular: extends arm at shoulder, laterally rotates humerus

Insertions: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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8
Q

Deltoid: origins (3 parts)

A

Same as trapezius:

  • anterior: anterior border/upper surface of lateral 1/3 clavicle
  • lateral: superior surface of acromion process
  • posterior: lower lip Id posterior border of scapular spine
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8
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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9
Q

Deltoid: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: thoracoacromial trunk, anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

Nervous: 
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
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10
Q

Supraspinatus: action and insertion

A

Action:
Initiates abduction of humerus for first 15 degrees (deltoid takes over after)
Stabilizes shoulder

Insertion: SUPERIOR facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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11
Q

Supraspinatus: origin

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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12
Q

Supraspinatus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: suprascapular artery

Nervous: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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13
Q

Infraspinatus: action and insertion

A

Action:
Laterally rotate humerus at shoulder
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: MIDDLE facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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14
Q

Infraspinatus: origin

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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15
Q

Infraspinatus: nervous and vascular supply

A

Vascular: suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery

Nervous: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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16
Q

Subscapularis: action and insertion

A

Action:
Medial rotation of humerus at shoulder
Hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: LESSER tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

Subscapularis: origin

A

Subscapular fossa of scapula

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18
Q

Subscapularis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: subscapular artery

Nervous: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

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19
Q

Teres minor: action and insertion

A

Action:
Lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder
Stabilize shoulder

Insertion: INFERIOR facet of GREATER tubercle of humerus

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20
Q

Teres minor: origin

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

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21
Q

Teres major: action and insertion

A

Action:
Medial rotation of humerus at shoulder
Adduction of arm at shoulder

Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove/sulcus of humerus

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22
Q

Teres minor: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior humeral circumflex, circumflex scapular artery

Nervous: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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23
Q

Teres major: origin

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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24
Q

Teres major: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: subscapular, circumflex scapular artery

Nervous: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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25
Q

Biceps brachii: action and insertion

A

Action:
Flex forearm
Supinate radioulnar joint
Resist shoulder dislocation

Insertion:
Radial tuberosity via
Bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial forearm

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26
Q

Biceps brachii: origin (2 heads)

A

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

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28
Q

Biceps brachii: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: brachial artery

Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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28
Q

Coracobrachialis: origin

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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29
Q

Coracobrachialis: action and insertion

A

Action: adducts humerus, flexes arm at glenohumeral joint

Insertion: medial 1/3 humerus

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30
Q

Coracobrachialis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: brachial artery

Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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31
Q

Anconeus: action and insertion

A

Action:
Locks elbow in extension (blended with triceps)
Stabilizes elbow during pronation and supination

Insertion:
Lateral surface of olecranon process
Superior part of posterior ulna

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32
Q

Anconeus: origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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33
Q

Anconeus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: deep brachial artery, radial interosseous artery

Nervous: radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

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34
Q

Triceps brachii: action and insertion

A

Action: extend forearm at elbow
-long head: extend and adduct arm at shoulder

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

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35
Q

Triceps brachii: origin (3 heads)

A 
Long head:
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head:
Above radial groove/sulcus
Medial head:
Below radial groove
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36
Q

Brachioradialis: action and insertions

A

Action: weak flexor of forearm at elbow, maximal force when forearm is in semi-pronation

Insertion: distal end of radius, lateral surface proximal to styloid process

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37
Q

Triceps brachii: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: deep brachial artery (profundus brachii)

Nervous:
Radial nerve for medial and lateral heads (C6, C7, C8)
Axillary nerve for long head

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38
Q

Brachioradialis: origin

A

Supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus (proximal 2/3)

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39
Q

Brachioradialis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: radial recurrent artery

Nervous: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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40
Q

Brachialis: action and insertion

A

Action: elbow flexion

Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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41
Q

Brachialis: origin

A

Anterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus

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42
Q

Brachialis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: radial recurrent artery

Nervous: musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6), some of lateral part by radial nerve (C5, C7)

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43
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus: action and insertion

A

Action: extend hand at wrist, abduct hand at wrist, active when clenching fist

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

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44
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: radial artery

Nervous: radial nerve (C6, C7)

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45
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus: origin

A

Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

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46
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: action and insertion

A

Action: extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

Insertion: dorsal aspect of the base of 3rd metacarpal

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47
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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48
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: radial artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

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49
Q

Extensor digitorum: action and insertion

A

Action:
Extends medial 4 digits at MCP joints (not thumb)
Secondarily extends medial 4 digits at IP joints

Insertions:
Extensor/dorsal digital expansion of medial 4 digits (on head of metacarpal and proximal phalanges)

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50
Q

Extensor digitorum: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

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51
Q

Extensor digiti minimi: action and insertion

A

Action: Primarily extends 5th digit at MCP joint, secondarily at IP joint

Insertion: extensor/dorsal digital expansion of 5th digit

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52
Q

Extensor digiti minimi: origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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53
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris: action and insertion

A

Action: extends and adducts hand at the wrist
Active during wrist clenching

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

54
Q

Extensor digiti minimi: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

55
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris: origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Posterior border of ulna via shared aponeurosis

56
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

57
Q

Extensor indicis: action and insertion

A

Action: independently extends 2nd digit
Helps extend wrist

Insertion: posterior digital extension of 2nd digit

58
Q

Extensor indicis: origin

A

Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna

Interosseous membrane

59
Q

Supinator: action and insertion

A

Action: supinates forearm

Insertion: proximal 1/3 of radius (wraps anterior, lateral and posterior surfaces)

60
Q

Extensor indicis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: a continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

61
Q

Supinator: origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Crest of ulna, supinator fossa
Radial annular ligaments

62
Q

Supinator: nervous and vascular supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

63
Q

Name the muscles that compose the “snuff box”

A

3 muscles with bellies on ulna and radius, but insert onto the THUMB

Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

64
Q

Abductor pollicis longus: action and insertion

A

Action: abducts thumb, extends thumb at CM joint

Insertion: base of 1st metacarpal

65
Q

Abductor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

66
Q

Abductor pollicis longus: origin

A

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 ulna and radius,

Interosseous membrane

67
Q

Extensor pollicis longus: action and insertions

A

Action: extend MP and CM joint
Extend distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint

Insertion: (dorsal aspect) base of distal phalanx of thumb

68
Q

Extensor pollicis longus: origin

A

Posterior surface of middle 1/3 ulna

Interosseous membrane

69
Q

Extensor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

70
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis: action and insertion

A

Action: extends proximal phalanx for thumb at MP and CM joints

Insertion: (dorsal aspect) base of proximal phalanx of thumb

71
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis: origin

A

Posterior surface of distal 1/3 radius

Interosseous membrane

72
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: posterior interosseous artery

Nervous: deep branch of radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

73
Q

Pronator teres: action and insertion

A

Action: pronate and flex forearm at elbow

Insertion: midpoint on lateral radius at convexity

74
Q

Pronator teres: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar and radial arteries

Nervous: median nerve (C6, C7)

75
Q

Pronator teres: origin (2 heads)

A

Ulnar head - coronoid process

Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon

76
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: action and insertion

A

Action: flex and abduct hand at the wrist

Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal

77
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: origin

A

Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

78
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: muscular branches of radial artery

Nervous: median nerve (C6, C7)

79
Q

Palmaris longus: action and insertion

A

Action: flex hand at the wrist

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

80
Q

Palmaris longus: origin

A

Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

81
Q

Palmaris longus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar artery

Nervous: median nerve (C7, C8)

82
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: action and insertion

A

Action: flexes and adducts hand at the wrist

Insertion:
Pisiform (carpal bone)
Hook of hamate (carpal bone)
5th metacarpal (pinky, medial side)

83
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: origin (2 heads)

A

Humeral head - medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon

Ulnar head - olecranon and posterior border of ulna

84
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: muscular branches of ulnar artery

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C7, C8)

85
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: action and insertion

A

Action: Flexor of the wrist, MCP (strong) and PIP (weaker) joints from 2-5 digits

Insertion: sides of middle phalanges from 2-5 digits

86
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: origin (2 heads)

A

Humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna (anterior)

Radial head: upper 1/2 of anterior border of radius

87
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: median nerve (C7, C8, T1)

88
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: action and insertion

A

Action: flexion of DIP of digits 2-5, helps with hand flexion

Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanges 2-5

89
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: origin

A

Anterior and Medial Parts: Proximal 3/4 ulna on flexor surface (anterior and medial), interosseous membrane

90
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: origin

A

Midanterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

91
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: anterior interosseous artery

Nervous: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1) for the LATERAL part, ulnar nerve (C8, T1) for the medial part

92
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: action and insertion

A

Action: flexes thumb

Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb

93
Q

Pronator quadratus: action and insertion

A

Action: pronate hand and stabilize distal radioulnar joint

Insertion: anterior surface of distal 1/4 radius

94
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: anterior interosseous artery

Nervous: Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)

95
Q

Pronator quadratus: origin

A

Anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna

96
Q

List the thenar muscles

A

These are intrinsic muscles of the palm
All are innervate by nerves from C8, T1
Inserting around the thumb and 1st metacarpal

Adductor pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

97
Q

Pronator quadratus: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: anterior interosseous artery

Nervous: Anterior interosseous branch from median nerve (C8, T1)

98
Q

Adductor pollicis: origin (2 heads)

A

Transverse head: palmar/anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal

Oblique head: capitate bone, base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

99
Q

Adductor pollicis: action and insertion

A

Action: Adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm

Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)

100
Q

Adductor pollicis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: deep palmar arch

Nervous: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

101
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis: action and insertion

A

Action: abduction at CMC joint of thumb, helps opposition

Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)

102
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis: origin

A

Scaphoid and trapezium bone tubercles, flexor retinaculum

103
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: superficial palmar arch

Nervous: median nerve (C8, T1) recurrent branch

104
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis: action and insertion

A

Action: flexion of thumb at CMC joint

Insertion: thumb (base of proximal phalanx)

105
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis: origin (2 heads)

A

Superficial head: flexor retinaculum

Deep head: scaphoid and trapezium bones

106
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: superficial palmar arch

Nervous:
-deep head by ulnar nerve deep branch
-superficial head by median nerve recurrent branch
Both C8, T1

107
Q

Opponens pollicis: action and insertion

A

Action: opposition at CMC joint of thumb (moving thumb medially to center of palm and medially rotating it)

Insertion: radial/lateral border of first metacarpal

108
Q

Opponens pollicis: origin

109
Q

Opponens pollicis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: superficial palmar arch

Nervous: median nerve recurrent branch (C8, T1)

110
Q

List the hypothenar muscles

A

These are intrinsic muscles for movement of the 5th digit (pinky) and all are innervated by the ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Palmaris brevis

112
Q

Opponens digiti minimi: action and insertion

A

Action: draws 5th metacarpal anterior with rotation to go into opposition with thumb

Insertion: ulnar border of 5th metacarpal

113
Q

Opponens digiti minimi: origin

A

Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum

113
Q

Opponens digiti:vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

114
Q

Opponens digiti minimi:vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

115
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin

A

Hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum

116
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

117
Q

Abductor digiti minimi: origin

A

Pisiform bone

118
Q

Abductor digiti minimi: action and insertion

A

Action: abducts 5th digit, helps flexion of proximal phalanx

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx 5th digit

119
Q

Abductor digiti minimi: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: ulnar artery

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

120
Q

Palmaris brevis: action and insertion

A

Action: tightens palmar aponeurosis for protection

Insertion: skin of hypothenar eminence

121
Q

Palmaris brevis: origin

A

Palmar aponeurosis (ulnar border)

122
Q

Palmaris brevis: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: deep palmar arch (palmar metacarpal artery)

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) SUPERFICIAL branch

123
Q

List the metacarpal/short muscles

A

Lumbricals
Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei

124
Q

Lumbricals: action and insertions (1-4)

A

Action: MCP joint flexion, PIP and DIP extension for digits 2-5

Insertions:
1,2,3,4 lumbrical muscles insert on dorsal digital expansion of 2,3,4,5 digit respectively (fingers)

125
Q

Lumbricals: origin

A

1,2 lumbricals originate on tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscle from radial lateral sides)

3,4 lumbricals originate on tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate from medial sides)

126
Q

Lumbricals: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: superficial and deep palmar arches, common palmar digital and dorsal digital arteries

Nervous:
1,2 innervated by median nerve (C8, T1)
3,4 innervated by ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

127
Q

Dorsal interossei: action and insertion

A

Action: acts with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending DIP and PIP joints for digits 2-4
Also does ABDUCTION away from 3rd digit/axial line

Insertion:
1,2 muscle insert on the dorsal digital expansion of 2,3 digit as well as the RADIAL side of 2,3 phalanx
3,4 insert on the dorsal digital expansion of 3,4 digit and ULNAR side of 3,4 phalanx

128
Q

Dorsal interossei: origin

A

1st muscle inserts on 1,2 metacarpals (adjacent side, 2 heads)
2nd muscle inserts on 2,3 metacarpals (adjacent side, 2 heads)
3rd muscle inserts on 3,4 metacarpals (adjacent side 2 heads)
4th muscle inserts on 4,5 metacarpals (adjacent side 2 heads)

129
Q

Dorsal interossei: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: dorsal and palmar metacarpal artery?

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

130
Q

Palmar interossei: action and insertions

A

Action: for digits 2, 4, 5
Flexion at MCP joints
Extension and ADDUCTION towards 3rd digit/axial line

Insertions:
1,2,3 muscles insert on dorsal digital expansion and base of proximal phalanx of digits 2, 4, 5

131
Q

Palmar interossei: origin

A

1st muscle inserts on ULNAR side of 2nd metacarpal

2nd muscle inserts on radial side of 4th metacarpal

3rd muscle inserts on radial side of 5th metacarpal

132
Q

Palmar interossei: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: deep palmar arch (palmar metacarpal artery)

Nervous: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) deep branch

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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