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Anatomy Lab > Neck Muscles > Flashcards

Neck Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

SCM: origins (2 heads)

A

Sternal head: manubrium

Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle

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1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM): action and insertions

A

Action: unilateral head tilt, contralateral head rotation
Bilateral neck extension but also flexion of cervical vertebrae, bilateral chin thrust, respiration aid when head steady

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of occipital

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2
Q

SCM: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: occipital and superior thyroid artery

Nervous: CNXI and VPR C2-C3

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3
Q

What back muscles are also included in the neck?

A

Trapezius, descending part (posterior)

Splenius capitis and cervicis (posterior)

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4
Q

Platysma: action and insertions

A

Action: tenses neck skin, depresses mandible, and depresses/wrinkles skin of lower face/mouth

Insertion: inferior border of mandible, skin of lower FACE/angle of the mouth

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5
Q

Platysma: origins

A

Skin of lower NECK and upper lateral thorax

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6
Q

Platysma: vascular and nervous supply

A

Vascular: submental and suprascapular artery

Nervous: cervical branch of facial nerve (CNVII)

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7
Q

Rectus capitis posterior: action and insertions (2 parts)

A

Action: extends the head, ipsilateral head rotation

Insertions:
Major - occipital bone (middle 1/3 of INFERIOR nuchal line)
Minor - occipital bone (INNER 1/3 of inferior nuchal line)

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8
Q

Rectus capitis posterior: origins (2 parts)

A

Major - spinous process C2

Minor - posterior tubercle C1

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9
Q

Rectus capitis posterior: nervous

A

DPR (C1, suboccipital nerve)

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10
Q

Obliquus capitis: actions and insertions (2 parts)

A

Action: both the superior and inferior part extend the head…superior can ipsilaterally tilt but CONTRALATERALLY rotate, while inferior ipsilaterally rotates

Insertions:
Superior - middle 1/3 of inferior nuchal line (just above rectus capitis posterior major)
Inferior - transverse process C1

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11
Q

Obliquus capitis: origins

A

Superior: transverse process C1
Inferior: spinous process C2

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12
Q

Obliquus capitis: nervous supply

A

DPR C1 (suboccipital nerve)

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13
Q

Name the suprahyoid muscles and what do they do?

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Accessory muscles of mastication, and all insert on the hyoid bone

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14
Q

Digastric: action and insertions (2 bellies)

A

Action: elevate hyoid during swallowing, helps open mandible

Insertions:
Both the anterior and posterior belly insert on the body of the hyoid

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15
Q

Digastric: origins (2 bellies)

A

Anterior belly: mandible at digastric fossa

Posterior belly: temporal bone at mastoid notch

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16
Q

Digastric: nervous supply (2 bellies)

A

Nervous:
Anterior belly - mylohyoid, CNV3 branch
Posterior belly - facial nerve CN VII

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17
Q

Stylohyoid: action and insertion

A

Action: elevates hyoid bone for swallowing, helps open mandible

Insertion: hyoid

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18
Q

Stylohyoid: origin

A

Styloid process (of temporal bone)

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19
Q

Stylohyoid: nervous supply

A

Nervous: facial nerve CNVII

20
Q

Mylohyoid: action and insertion

A

Action: elevates oral floor, draws hyoid forward for swallowing, helps open mandible and move side-to-side for mastication

Insertion: hyoid

21
Q

Mylohyoid: origin

A

Mandible at mylohyoid line

22
Q

Mylohyoid: nervous supply

A

Mylohyoid nerve, CNV3 branch

23
Q

Geniohyoid: action and insertion

A

Action: draws hyoid forward for swallowing, helps open mandible

Insertions: hyoid

24
Q

Geniohyoid: origin

A

Mandible at inferior mental spine

25
Q

Geniohyoid: nervous supply

A

Nervous: VPR C1 by the hypoglossal nerve CNXII (branches join)

26
Q

List the infrahyoid muscles and what do they do together?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Depresses hyoid and tenses cervical fascia

27
Q

What are the insertions of the infrahyoid muscles and their individual actions?

A

Action:
Omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid all depress/fix hyoid, pull larynx and hyoid down for phonation and terminal swallowing phase
Thyrohyoid also depresses/fixes hyoid but RAISES the larynx during swallowing

Insertion:
All insert on the hyoid except the sternoTHYROID (inserts on the thyroid cartilage’s oblique line)

28
Q

List the origins of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid - superior border of scapula

Sternohyoid - manubrium and posterior sternoclavicular joint

Sternothyroid - posterior manubrium

Thyrohyoid - thyroid cartilage at oblique line

29
Q

The cervical plexus innervates all the infrahyoid muscles except ________.

A

Thyrohyoid is innervated by CN1 via the CNXII hypoglossal (bc very superior location)

Omohyoid and sternohyoid (C1-C3) and the sternothyroid (C2-C3) are all innervated by the ansa cervicalis

30
Q

List the deep neck muscles

A

Prevertebral muscles

  • longus capitis and longus colli
  • rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis

Scalenes (anterior, middle and posterior)

Suboccipital muscles

  • rectus capitis posterior major
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • obliquus capitis inferior
  • obliquus capitis superior
31
Q

What do the rectus capitis anterior and lateralis do, their insertion and what innervates them?

A

Action: lateral flexion of head at atlanto-occipital joint, or just head flexion if both sides contract

Insertion: occipital bone
Anterior - basilar part
Lateralis - also basilar part but lateral to occipital condyles

Innervation: VPR C1, C2

32
Q

Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis: origin

A

Anterior - Lateral mass of C1

Lateralis - transverse process of C1

33
Q

What do the scalenes do and what innervates them?

A

Depends on whether the ribs are fixed or mobile

Mobile = elevates upper ribs when inhale
Fixed = ipsilaterally bends cervical spine, flexed neck bilaterally

Innervation from direct branches of both cervical and brachial plexus (C3-C8)

34
Q

Scalene: insertions (3 parts)

A

Anterior - scalene tubercle of rib 1

Middle - rib 1 posterior to subclavian artery groove

Posterior - rib 2 outer surface

35
Q

Scalenes: origin (3 parts)

A

Anterior - transverse processes anterior tubercles from C3-C6

Middle - transverse processes C1-C2, transverse processes posterior tubercles C3-C7

Posterior - transverse processes posterior tubercles C5-C7

36
Q

List the prevertebral muscles of the neck

A

Longus capitis
Longus colli
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

37
Q

Longus capitis: action and insertion

A

Action: flexion of head at atlanto-occipital joint

Insertion: occipital bone at basilar part

38
Q

Longus capitis: origin

A

Transverse processes anterior tubercles from C3-C6

39
Q

Longus capitis: nervous supply

A

Cervical plexus direct branches C1-C3

40
Q

Longus colli: action and insertions (3 parts)

A

Action: contralaterally tilts and rotates cervical spine or if acting bilaterally…forward flexion of cervical spine

Insertions:
Vertical (intermediate part) - anterior surface C2-C4

Superior oblique - atlas anterior tubercles

Inferior oblique - transverse processes anterior tubercles C5-C6

41
Q

Longus colli: origins (3 parts)

A

Vertical (intermediate part) - vertebral bodies anteriorly from C5-T3

Superior oblique - transverse processes anterior tubercles from C3-C5

Inferior oblique - vertebral bodies anteriorly from T1-T3

42
Q

What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Anterior border of SCM
Inferior border of mandible
Midline from chin to jugular notch

43
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior cervical triangle? What are the contents of each?

A

Submandibular/digastric triangle: contains submandibular gland and lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, facial artery and vein

Submental triangle: submental lymph nodes

Muscular triangle: sternothyroid and sternohyoid, thyroid and parathyroid gland

Carotid triangle: carotid bifurcation and carotid body, hypoglossal and vagus nerves

44
Q

What lies in the SCM a region of the neck?

A 
SCM
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Jugular lymph nodes
Vagus nerve
45
Q

What are the borders of the lateral cervical region (aka posterior triangle)?

A

Posterior border of SCM

Anterior border of trapezius

Superior nuchal line where the two muscles join

Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

46
Q

What are the subdivisions of the lateral cervical region/posterior triangle? What is contained in them?

A

Omoclavicular/subclavian triangle: subclavian artery, subscapular artery, supraclavicular lymph node

Occipital triangle: spinal accessory nerve, trunks of brachial plexus, transverse cervical artery, posterior branches of cervical plexus

47
Q

Where is the suboccipital triangle and why do you have to be careful around here?

A

Located in deep part of superior posterior cervical region

Careful injecting high and lateral into this neck region, you might hit the vertebral artery

48
Q

What is contained in the posterior cervical region (not posterior triangle)?

A

Nuchal muscles, vertebral artery, cervical plexus

Anatomy Lab (8 decks)

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