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PhyMod > Superficial Cold Modalities > Flashcards

Superficial Cold Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Hemodynamic effect has initial ___ and late ___

A

decrease in blood flow, increase

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2
Q

explain initial decrease in blood flow (4)

A 
- Makes blood viscous
		○ Reduce blood flow
	- Decrease production of vasodilator 
		○ Histamine and prostaglandin
		○ Less lumen
		○ Vasoconstriction
	- Direct: Smooth muscle contraction => vasoconstriction
	- Indirect: DRG => Reflex activation of sympathetic adrenergic neurons => vasoconstriction
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3
Q

explain Later increase in blood flow

A
  • Cold induced vasodilation
    • Temperature lowers then rises which causes vasodilation
    • Hunting response
      ○ Alternating cold and hot
      ○ Protective mechanism
      ○ Prolonged vasoconstriction deprives them of oxygen
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4
Q

explain gate control theory

A

a beta and a alpha fibers are stimulated in order to activate inhibitory interneuron in the substantia gelatinosa that will inhibit impulses from a delta and c fibers from reaching the second order neuron

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5
Q

How many mins application for decreased ncv

A

5 mins or more

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6
Q

cold is more effective on which fibers for decreasing nerve conduction velocity

A

a alpha

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7
Q

how does cold increase pain threshold

A

decreasing ncv, spasm is reduced

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8
Q

how does cold reduce edema

A

○ Reduction of blood flow
○ Reduction of free nerve ending compression
○ Less pain

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9
Q

how long for application of cold for increase in strength of muscles

A

< 5 mins

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10
Q

how long for application of cold to decrease strength

A

> 5-30 mins

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11
Q

why do muscles decrease in strength with long periods of cold

A

○ Reduce blood flow
○ Lower ncv
○ Increased viscosity of muscle components
Stiffness of tissues

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12
Q

cold reduces spasticity. t or f.

A

True

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13
Q

How long should cold be applied to reduce spasticity

A

10-30 mins

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14
Q

how does cold reduce spasticity

A
  • Lowering activity of gamma motor neuron activity

- Lowering afferent spindle and GTO activity

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15
Q

Long application needed for facilitation of muscle contraction. T or F.

A

False

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16
Q

How does cold facilitate muscle contraction

A
  • Facilitates alpha motor neuron

- Facilitates tone

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17
Q

when we use cold or hot modalities, pain is completely eliminated. T or F.

A

False

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18
Q

Cold is recommended when healing is delayed. T or F.

A

False

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19
Q

How does cold decrease metabolic rate

A
  • Inhibits of cartilage degrading enzymes for OA
    ○ Collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and protease
    • Reduces level of histamine in blood for RA
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20
Q

Methods of heat loss

A

conductio, convection, evaporation, respiration

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21
Q

uses for cryotherapy (9)

A
  • Inflammation
    • Edema control
    • Reduce DOMS
    • Pain control
    • Modification of spasticity
    • Symptom management in multiple sclerosis
      ○ Feel fatigue in warm temperatures
    • Facilitation
    • Cryokinetics (w exercise)
    • Cryostretch
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22
Q

Purpose of cryokinetics and cryostretch

A
  • Reduce soreness
23
Q

how to heal acute burns

A
  • Apply flowing cool water
24
Q

why is cold used with Joint mobilization or deep friction massage

A

desensitizes patient for the uncomfortable aspect

25
Q

contraindications (7)

A

Cold hypersensitivity/cold-unduced urticaria

Cold intolerance

Cryoglobulinemia

Paroxysmal cold hemoglubinuria

Raynaud’s disease

Regenerating peripheral nerve

Area with vascular disorder

26
Q

Precautions (5)

A
  • Over superficial main branch of nerve (do not compress)
    • Open wound
      ○ Make sure you do not impede blood flow
    • Hypertension
    • Poor sensation
      Extreme ages of patients
27
Q

signs of - Cold hypersensitivity/cold-unduced urticaria

A

cold hives

28
Q

signs of cold intolerance

A

○ Severe pain
○ Numbness
○ Discoloration

29
Q

signs of cryoglobulinemia

A

○ Aggrevation of proteins
○ Impairs circulation
○ No circulation
○ ischemia

30
Q

signs of - Paroxysmal cold hemoglubinuria

A

○ Hemoglobin is released in urine

31
Q

Signs of Raynaud’s disease

A

○ Affects small arteries
○ Ischemic reactions
○ Vasospasm of small arteries

32
Q

CBAN

A

cold, burning, numbing, ching

33
Q

PRICES

A

protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation, support

34
Q

POLICE

A

protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, elevation

35
Q

Cold packs storage and duration of application

A
  • Stored in freezer at -5 degrees

- Duration: 10-20 mins

36
Q

ice packs duration of application

A

10-20 mins

37
Q

ice massage is time consuming. t or f

A

true for large areas

38
Q

in ice massage skin shouldn’t drop below ___ degrees

A

15

39
Q

vapocoolant spray evolution

A

ethyl chloride=> fluorimethane => spray at stretch, instant ice and pain ease

40
Q

components of spray at stretch, instant ice and pain ease

A

11133- pentafluorpropane

1112- tetrafluoroethane

41
Q

how to apply vapocoolant spray

A

○ Upright and angles at 30 degrees
○ 30-45 cm away from skin
○ 10 cm per second
○ For trigger points over muscle (follow fibers)
○ Increase rom
§ 2-3 sprays
§ If additional is needed, warm area first

42
Q

quick icing or brief icing is used to facilitate which fibers

A

a delta and c fibers

43
Q

quick icing is used for hypertonic muscles. t or f.

A

false, used for hypotonic or flaccid muscles

44
Q

a-icing

A

three swipes of ice

45
Q

c-icing

A

hold ice for 3-5 seconds thrice

46
Q

chemical cold packs storage

A

-12 to -9 degrees

47
Q

application period of chemical cold packs

A

10-12 mins

48
Q

chemical cold packs

A

2 substances one in small one in large bag

49
Q

ice towels duration

A

10-15 mins

50
Q

cold bath temp

A

13-18 degrees

51
Q

cold whirlpool temp

A

10-16 degrees

52
Q

cold whirpool time

A

5-15 mins

53
Q

documentation

A

cryotherapy using technique on body area in position x duration to rationale

PhyMod (12 decks)

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