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PhyMod > Hydrotherapy > Flashcards

Hydrotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

hydrotherapy comes from words

A

“Hydro”

“Therapeia”

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2
Q

Physical properties of water:

A 
Specific heat
Thermal conductivity
Buoyancy
Resistance
Hydrostatic pressure
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3
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy needed to inc temp of a given weight of material by a given no of degrees
j/g/deg celsius

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4
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

Ability of material to transfer heat through conduction

cal/sec)/(deg celcius/cm

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5
Q

Water = specific heat: ? ; thermal conductivity: ?

A

Water = specific heat: 4.19 ; thermal conductivity: 0.0014

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6
Q

Air = specific heat: ?; thermal conductivity: ?

A

Air = specific heat: 1.01; thermal conductivity: 0.000057

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7
Q

Water: air ratio => specific heat: ? ; thermal conductivity: ?

A

Water: air ratio = specific heat: 4.14 ; thermal conductivity: 24.56

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8
Q

very cold to cold

A

0-18 ℃/32-64℉

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9
Q

Cool: acute inflammation

A

18-26 ℃/64-79℉

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10
Q

Tepid: exercise, acute inflammation if can’t tolerate cold

A

26-33 ℃/79-92℉

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11
Q

Neutral warmth: open wounds, medically-compromised pts, dec. tone

A

33.5-35.5 ℃/92-96℉

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12
Q

mild warmth: inc. mobility of burns

A

35.5-37℃/96-99℉

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13
Q

hot: pain control

A

37-40℃/99-104℉

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14
Q

very hot: inc. tissue extensibility, chronic conditions

A

40-43℃/104-110℉

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15
Q

should not be used

A

> 43℃/>110℉

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16
Q

Buoyancy

A

Archimedes’ principle: When a body is immersed in fluid at rest, it creates an upward thrust equal to the amount of fluid displaced
Specific gravity: density of material to density of water ratio
If specific gravity < water, it can float in water

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17
Q

specific gravity of water

A

1

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18
Q

specific gravity of salt water

A

1.024

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19
Q

specific gravity of ice

A

0.917

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20
Q

specific gravity of air

A

0.00121

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21
Q

specific gravity of human body

A

0.974

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22
Q

specific gravity of subcutaneous fat

A

0.85

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23
Q

someone with more subcutaneous fat will find it —- to float in water

A

easier

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24
Q

Resistance

A

d/t viscosity of water
Resistance to flow/thickness
Adhesion of molecules

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25
Q

The larger the surface area that moves against the water, the — you feel the resistance

A

The larger the surface area that moves against the water, the more you feel the resistance

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26
Q

The faster you move, the — you feel the resistance

A

The faster you move, the more you feel the resistanceq

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27
Q

Cleansing effect

A

Remove debris from wound

Dissolved surfactants and anti-microbials in water

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28
Q

musculoskeletal effects

A

assistive , dec weight bearing
d/t buoyancy

Strengthening (resistive)

Effects on bone density loss
It’s easier for patients to move
Places stress on bones
Prevents bone density loss

Less fat loss

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29
Q

cold effects

A

Decreases metabolism
Pain relief
Inflammation control

30
Q

warm effects

A

Relaxes muscle
Increases flexibility
Improves circulation
Increases tissue extensibility

31
Q

Cardiovascular effect

A 
Venous circulation is inc.
Compresses veins in distal extremities
Hydrostatic pressure
Inc cardiac volume
Inc cardiac output
Dec. heart rate
Dec. systolic BP
Dec. rate of O2 uptake (VO2)
32
Q

Respiratory effects

A

Dec. vital capacity
Immersed at neck level: inc hydrostatic pressure
Thoracic wall has difficulty expanding

Increases circulation to chest cavity
Blood accumulates more to the heart, more to the lungs
Increases work of breathing because it needs to provide oxygen to the increased amount of blood
Inc. work of breathing

Dec. exercise-induced asthma
High humidity of air

33
Q

Renal effects

A 
Diuresis (frequent urination)
Sodium and potassium excretion
Increases renal blood flow
Blood is focused in central body
Decreases ADH which increases production of urine
Beneficial for reduction of edema
34
Q

Psychological effects

A

Warm: relaxing
Cold: energizing

35
Q

Uses

A

Superficial heating or cooling via conduction or convection

Pain control
Reduction of WB
Thermal effects

Edema control
hydrostatic pressure

Water exercises
Can be assistive or resistive
Water gives more safety for patient
Balance is easier

Wound care
Rehydration, softening of schar and debridement of wound

36
Q

Contraindications for local immersion

A

Maceration around wound

Excessive softening of tissue
Results to breakdown

Bleeding

37
Q

Precautions for local immersion

A 
Impaired sensation
Temp factor
Infection 
Impaired cognition
Recent skin grafts
(Can remove skin grafts)
38
Q

Contraindications for full body immersion

A

Cardiac instability
(Congests heart)

Infection spread in water
(Unless pt owns pool)

Bowel incontinence
(Could assist in faster evacuation of the bowel)

Severe epilepsy

Suicidal patients

39
Q

Precautions full body

A

Confused or disoriented
PT should be with pt in pool

Alcohol ingestion

Limited strength, endurance, balance

Medications for cv disease

Urinary incontinence

Hydrophobia

Respiratory compromise
Don’t immerse thoracic area

40
Q

Adverse effects

A 
Drowning
Burning
Fainting
Bleeding
Hyponatremia (extensive wound burn)
Salt should be added in water
Aggravated if water is hypotonic
Infection
Add antimicrobials in water and pt is the only one who uses it
Aggravation of edema in UE
Asthma exacerbation if humidity is not controlled
41
Q

Application techniques

A

Whirlpool tanks

42
Q

Butterfly valve:

A

allows air to flow

43
Q

Turbine ejector:

A

water output with air, turbulence

44
Q

Throttle:

A

used to move turbine left or right

45
Q

Suspension bracket:

A

attaches turbine to tank

46
Q

Why is turbulence needed?

A

Allows for the assistive or resistive functions of the water

47
Q

hubbard dimensions

A

full body

6ftx8ftx4ft

425-700 gallons

48
Q

extremity dimensions

A

distal extremity

15’x28-32’x18-25’

10-45 gallons

49
Q

high boy dimensions

A

mid-thoracic; doesn’t allow full LE ext.

20-24” x 36-48” x 28” x

60-105 gallons

50
Q

low boy dimensions

A

mid thoracic; allows full LE ext

24’ x 28’ x 18’

75-105 gallons

51
Q

typical duration of hydroptherapy immersion

A

20-30 min

52
Q

contrast bath temperatures

A

warm: 38-43 deg

cold water: 13-18 deg

53
Q

technique of contrast bath

A

hot for 3-4 mins
cold for 1-2 mins
lasts 20-30 mins total

last immersion for acute to subacute: cold
for subacute to chronic: warm

usually ends c warm

54
Q

Exercise pool uses

A

Optimizes functions
Allows full body immersion
Swimming pools: 100 ft long x 25 feet wide x 8 feet depth
Sloping bottom

55
Q

exercise pool common temps

A

Temp: 26-36 deg, common = tepid
Warm: 34-36 deg for low intensity exercises
Cool: 26-29 deg for more intense exercises

56
Q

non-immersion irrigation devices pressure

A

4-5 psi

57
Q

non-immersion irrigation device uses

A

Sprays water to open wound
pressure : 4-5 psi
Pulsatile irrigation device delivers fluid at controlled pressure + Removes contaminated fluid
PULSED LAVAGE

58
Q

room temp and relative humidity for safety

A

A room temperature of 25-30 deg c relative humidity of 50% is ideal

59
Q

Infection control safety

A 
Appropriate cleaning protocol
Use clean water
Drain and clean tank and turbines after each use
Commonly contaminated areas
Bottom of pool
Overflow pipes
Agitators
Thermometer
Edges
Drainage
60
Q

documentation

A

Hydrotherapy using x temp x duration x exercise done x body part to rationale

61
Q

goals for aquatic exercise

A 
Facilitation of ROM exercise
Initiate resistance training
Facilitate weight bearing
Enhance delivery of manual techniques
Easy access of body parts of pt
Facilitate CV endurance exercise
Initiate functional replication
Minimize risk of injury or re-injury
Enhance relaxation
62
Q

Precautions aquatic exercise

A 
Hydrophobia
Neurological disorders
Difficulty controlling movements
Fatigability
Seizures 
Must be controlled seizures
Cardiac dysfunction
Angina or abnormal BP
Low intensity exercises
Small open wounds and lines
Must be covered
63
Q

contraindications aquatic exercise

A 
Incipient cardiac failure or unstable angina
Respiratory dysfunction
Severe peripheral vascular disease
Danger of bleeding or hemorrhage
Severe kidney disease (fluid loss)
Open wounds, colonoscopy, skin infections
Uncontrolled bladder or bowel
Water and airborne infections
Uncontrolled seizures
64
Q

Surface tension

A

Greater surface equals greater resistance

Surface acts as membrane under tension

65
Q

exercises at surface are – difficult than exercises under

A

more

66
Q

hydronamics

A

Laminar flow
slow
Turbulent flow
fast

Drag
When a person thrusts forward, there is an opposition called drag

67
Q

rate of temp change is dependent on

A

mass and specific heat

68
Q

specific heat

A

amount of heat required ot raise the temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 deg

69
Q

center of buoyancy at vertical position

A

sternum

70
Q

non-buoyant devices

A

gloves
hand paddles
hydro-tone bells
hydro-tone boots

used for resistance

71
Q

ROM is easier in water thru

A

reduction of joint compression

dampening pain

PhyMod (12 decks)

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