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PhyMod > Intro to PhyMod > Flashcards

Intro to PhyMod Flashcards

1
Q

What is under manual therapy?

A

Massage, joint mobilization, manipulation, pressure

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2
Q

what is under therapeutic exercise?

A

flexibility, strengthening, neuromuscular, balance, coordination, proprioception, relaxation

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3
Q

what is under patient education?

A
  • Body mechanics
    • Pain relief
    • Home exercise programs
      Risk reduction
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4
Q

4 applications of physical modalities

A
  • Modulation of pain
    • Alteration of muscle activation
    • Decreasing inflammation and facilitating tissue healing
    • Increasing tissue extensibility
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5
Q

Most common application of phy mod

A

pain modulation

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6
Q

How to decrease pain (4)?

A
  • Increasing blood flow
    • Gate control theory
    • Decreasing swelling
      Reducing compression
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7
Q

Increasing blood flow reduces pain through

A
  • Heat is applied and vasodilation occurs
    • The inflammatory substances are washed away
    • Deposition of new cells will occur
      ○ Facilitates repair of new part
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8
Q

Decrease swelling reduces pain through

A
  • When it is swollen, soft tissues are stretched and nerves are pinched
    • Nociceptors will not be activated when swelling is reduced
    • This is done through cryotherapy and compression units
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9
Q

Reducing compression reduces pain through

A
  • When nerve root is compressed it causes pain

- Traction is applied

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10
Q

What is gate control theory?

A

stimulating of other senses to block pain receptors

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11
Q

Inhibitory interneuron is found in

A

substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord

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12
Q

2nd order neuron function

A
  • Carries impulse from a delta fibers and c fibers
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13
Q

A delta fibers

A

immediate pain

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14
Q

c fibers

A
  • Inflammation pain
    • Swelling pain
    • Poorly localized
    • Unmyelinated
      Poor nerve conduction
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15
Q

a alpha

A

proprioception

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16
Q

a beta

A

touch

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17
Q

process of feeling pain

A
  • Pain is sensed by a delta or c fibers
    • Goes to second order neuron
      Goes to brain and says it’s painful
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18
Q

how is pain reduced through gate control theory?

A
  • Physical modalities stimulate the pathway with a alpha and a beta fibers
    • Since these fibers are thick and myelinated, it the stimulus travels fast
    • This stimulates the inhibitory interneuron
    • This inhibits the 2nd order neuron and closes the gate to pain
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19
Q

Two ways physical agents alter muscle activation

A
  • facilitation

- Inhibition

20
Q

how physical agents facilitate muscle activation

A
  • Encourage contraction through electrical stimulation
    • Depolarization of peripheral nerves to recruit more motor units
    • Those with weakness
    • NMES, FES, ES
21
Q

how physical agents facilitate muscle Inhibition

A
  • Induce fatigue in the muscle through electrical stimulation
    • Can also use cryotherapy to decrease nerve conduction velocity
    • Pain reduction
22
Q

When we have pain there is increased tone of muscle. T or F.

A
  • True
    • Bawasan blood supply
    • Causes pain
23
Q

how is pain reduced through muscle inhibition?

A
  • Heat modalities for better blood flow

- Muscle guarding

24
Q

Inflammatory phase signs

A
  • Swollen
    • Pain
    • Redness
    • Warm to touch
    • Loss of function
25
Q

Targets in inflammatory phase

A
  • Decrease blood flow through cryotherapy
    • Reduction of pain through TENS or ultrasound
    • Minimize duration and effects
26
Q

Proliferative phase

A
  • Increase blood flow thru heat

Promote repair of damaged tissues

27
Q

Maturation phase

A
  • Remodel the tissue to return back to previous integrity
    • Restore function
    • Influence maturation and organization of collagen
28
Q

How to increase tissue extensibility

A
  • Heat facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen
    • Most common is ultrasound
    • After area is heated, stretch the area
29
Q

Types of physical modalities

A
  • Thermal
    • Electromagnetic
    • Mechanical
30
Q

Electromagnetic

A
  • Apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation

- Brings physiological eggects

31
Q

Cryotherapy

A
  • Ice massage, cold pack
    • vapocoolant spray: applied in stretched position
    • Cold immersion: siban ?? Numb aching stage
  • cryocuff
32
Q

Heat or thermotherapy

A
  • Cervical, standard, lumbar hot packs
  • hot moist packs
  • parrafin wax bath
  • ultrasound
33
Q

What to check for in heat therapy every 5 mins?

A
  • Make sure patient is properly draped because you need to check for redness every 5 mins
34
Q

Electrotherapy

A
  • TENS
  • interferential current
  • motorpoint stimulation
35
Q

motorpoint stimulation used for

A
  • muscle atrophy

- electrical stimulation placed on motor points

36
Q

two types of diathermy

A

shortwave and microwave

37
Q

microwave is superficial. T or F.

A

True

38
Q

Precautions for UVR, laser

A
  • must wear goggles
  • drape lamp
  • laser is for small target areas
39
Q

What to check for when doing UVR?

A
  • minimal length that will induce slight redness
40
Q

IRR stands for

A

infrared radiation

41
Q

under mechanical is

A
  • traction

- compression

42
Q

compression is used for

A
  • edema and lymph edema
43
Q

when using compression units, limbs must be placed at anatomical position. T or F.

A
  • false, limbs must be elevated
44
Q

contraindications

A

fever, cancer, hemorrhagic conditions, active deep venous thrombosis

45
Q

precautions

A

impaired sensation, pregnancy, old age, unconscious, young age

46
Q

dont use electrotherapy on

A

pacemaker areas

47
Q

what to include in documentation?

A
  • modality
  • body region
  • patient position
  • parameter
  • rationale

PhyMod (12 decks)

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