Intro to PhyMod Flashcards
What is under manual therapy?
Massage, joint mobilization, manipulation, pressure
what is under therapeutic exercise?
flexibility, strengthening, neuromuscular, balance, coordination, proprioception, relaxation
what is under patient education?
- Body mechanics
- Pain relief
- Home exercise programs
Risk reduction
4 applications of physical modalities
- Modulation of pain
- Alteration of muscle activation
- Decreasing inflammation and facilitating tissue healing
- Increasing tissue extensibility
Most common application of phy mod
pain modulation
How to decrease pain (4)?
- Increasing blood flow
- Gate control theory
- Decreasing swelling
Reducing compression
Increasing blood flow reduces pain through
- Heat is applied and vasodilation occurs
- The inflammatory substances are washed away
- Deposition of new cells will occur
○ Facilitates repair of new part
Decrease swelling reduces pain through
- When it is swollen, soft tissues are stretched and nerves are pinched
- Nociceptors will not be activated when swelling is reduced
- This is done through cryotherapy and compression units
Reducing compression reduces pain through
- When nerve root is compressed it causes pain
- Traction is applied
What is gate control theory?
stimulating of other senses to block pain receptors
Inhibitory interneuron is found in
substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord
2nd order neuron function
- Carries impulse from a delta fibers and c fibers
A delta fibers
immediate pain
c fibers
- Inflammation pain
- Swelling pain
- Poorly localized
- Unmyelinated
Poor nerve conduction
a alpha
proprioception
a beta
touch
process of feeling pain
- Pain is sensed by a delta or c fibers
- Goes to second order neuron
Goes to brain and says it’s painful
- Goes to second order neuron
how is pain reduced through gate control theory?
- Physical modalities stimulate the pathway with a alpha and a beta fibers
- Since these fibers are thick and myelinated, it the stimulus travels fast
- This stimulates the inhibitory interneuron
- This inhibits the 2nd order neuron and closes the gate to pain
Two ways physical agents alter muscle activation
- facilitation
- Inhibition
how physical agents facilitate muscle activation
- Encourage contraction through electrical stimulation
- Depolarization of peripheral nerves to recruit more motor units
- Those with weakness
- NMES, FES, ES
how physical agents facilitate muscle Inhibition
- Induce fatigue in the muscle through electrical stimulation
- Can also use cryotherapy to decrease nerve conduction velocity
- Pain reduction
When we have pain there is increased tone of muscle. T or F.
- True
- Bawasan blood supply
- Causes pain
how is pain reduced through muscle inhibition?
- Heat modalities for better blood flow
- Muscle guarding
Inflammatory phase signs
- Swollen
- Pain
- Redness
- Warm to touch
- Loss of function
Targets in inflammatory phase
- Decrease blood flow through cryotherapy
- Reduction of pain through TENS or ultrasound
- Minimize duration and effects
Proliferative phase
- Increase blood flow thru heat
Promote repair of damaged tissues
Maturation phase
- Remodel the tissue to return back to previous integrity
- Restore function
- Influence maturation and organization of collagen
How to increase tissue extensibility
- Heat facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen
- Most common is ultrasound
- After area is heated, stretch the area
Types of physical modalities
- Thermal
- Electromagnetic
- Mechanical
Electromagnetic
- Apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation
- Brings physiological eggects
Cryotherapy
- Ice massage, cold pack
- vapocoolant spray: applied in stretched position
- Cold immersion: siban ?? Numb aching stage
- cryocuff
Heat or thermotherapy
- Cervical, standard, lumbar hot packs
- hot moist packs
- parrafin wax bath
- ultrasound
What to check for in heat therapy every 5 mins?
- Make sure patient is properly draped because you need to check for redness every 5 mins
Electrotherapy
- TENS
- interferential current
- motorpoint stimulation
motorpoint stimulation used for
- muscle atrophy
- electrical stimulation placed on motor points
two types of diathermy
shortwave and microwave
microwave is superficial. T or F.
True
Precautions for UVR, laser
- must wear goggles
- drape lamp
- laser is for small target areas
What to check for when doing UVR?
- minimal length that will induce slight redness
IRR stands for
infrared radiation
under mechanical is
- traction
- compression
compression is used for
- edema and lymph edema
when using compression units, limbs must be placed at anatomical position. T or F.
- false, limbs must be elevated
contraindications
fever, cancer, hemorrhagic conditions, active deep venous thrombosis
precautions
impaired sensation, pregnancy, old age, unconscious, young age
dont use electrotherapy on
pacemaker areas
what to include in documentation?
- modality
- body region
- patient position
- parameter
- rationale
