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MD 814 > Superficial Back, Pectoral, And Intrinsic Shoulder > Flashcards

Superficial Back, Pectoral, And Intrinsic Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What innervates the trapezius? What functions?

A

CN XI; elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates scapula

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2
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi? What functions?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve; adducts, extends, and medically rotates humerus

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3
Q

What innervated the levator scapulae? What movements?

A

Dorsal scapular nerves; elevates scapula

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4
Q

What innervates the rhomboids? What movements?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve; retract and elevate scapula

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5
Q

What are the 3 pectoral region muscles? What is the first innervated by?

A

Pectoral is major, minor, and serratus anterior

They adduct, medially rotate, and flex humerus

Major: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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6
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor? What movements?

A

Medial pectoral nerve; depress and inferiorly rotate scapula

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7
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior? What’s its movements?

A

Long thoracic nerve; protracts and rotates scapula

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8
Q

What does a lesion of the long thoracic nerve cause

A

Winged scapula

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9
Q

What are the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres major)

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10
Q

What innervates the deltoid & what’s its function?

A

Axillary nerve; abducts arm, flexes and medially rotates arm, extends and laterally rotates arm

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11
Q

Where is the teres major? What innervates it? What’s its function?

A

Lower subscapular nerve; adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

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12
Q

What is the order of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS

Suprasubscapularis
Intrasubscapularis
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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13
Q

What is the most commonly damaged rotator cuff muscle?

A

Supraspinatus

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14
Q

What innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

S - initiates abduction

I - laterally rotates humerus

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15
Q

What innervates the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves; medially rotates humerus

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16
Q

Name theses muscles

A
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17
Q

What tendons surround the shoulder joint EXCEPT for inferiorly?

A

SITS muscle tendons

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18
Q

Describe a rotator cuff injury

A
  • common shoulder injury, usually in dominant arm, most often involves supraspinatus
  • acute tears - sudden, traumatic injuries (falls, etc.)
  • chronic tears - result of repetitive strain/overuse
  • treatment: physical therapy/surgery
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19
Q

What muscles are required for complete abduction of arm?

A

> 90° traps and serratus anterior

90° deltoid

15° supraspinatus

20
Q

Which muscle initiates abduction?

A

Supraspinatus

21
Q

How are veins classified?

A

Deep veins and superficial veins

22
Q

Describe deep veins

A

Deep to investing fascia, runs WITH arteries

23
Q

Describe superficial veins

A

In superficial fascia, no accompanying arteries

24
Q

Describe an accompanying vein

A

Venae comitantes; Paired deep veins accompanying arteries; names for associated arteries

25
Q

What regulates the direction of blood flow?

A

Valves (veins)

26
Q

How are deep structures of the limb drained?

A

By veins that are often paired and extended alongside arteries (venae comitantes) that eventually form or open into the axillary vein that becomes the subclavian vein

27
Q

What are superficial veins?

A

They help drain the limb but are not critical for survival

28
Q

Describe the cephalic vein

A

Begins on radial side of hand; ascends laterally to deltopectoral triangle (interval between pectoralis major and deltoid) to empty into axillary vein

29
Q

Describe the basilic vein

A

Begins on ulnar side of hand and ascends medially, will pierce brachial fascia, joining with the brachial veins to form the axillary vein

30
Q

Describe the median cubital vein

A

Lies superficial to bicipital aponeurosis; communication between cephalic vein and basilic vein; common site for venipuncture

31
Q

What is a common site on hand for venipuncture?

A

Dorsal venous network

32
Q

What is the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Formed by pectoralis major, adjacent deltoid, and clavicle; the cephalic vein runs here; another common site for placement of catheters and leads

33
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

Drain interstitial fluid and return it to the venous system

Filter fluid

34
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic capillaries and vessels

Lymph nodes (filter fluid)

35
Q

How much of lymph fluid is taken back up by capillaries?

A

90%

36
Q

What is the general pattern of lymph fluid drainage of the body?

A

Lymphatic capillaries form plexus in tissues

Lymphatic capillaries converge and form larger lymph vessels

Lymphatic vessels contain valves to direct flow centrally towards heart

Lymphatic vessels take lymph to (and then away from) lymph nodes

There are superficial and deep lymphatic vessels and nodes

  • superficial: superficial to deep to fascia; usually follow superficial veins; superficial veins will eventually drain into deep lymphatic vessels
  • deep are deep to the deep fascia; vessels follow arteries (and deep veins); large lymphatic vessels enter large collecting vessels called lymphatic trunks which empty into either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct
37
Q

Describe specific pattern of drainage for the upper left limb

A

LEFT UPPER LIMB: drainage enters through the left subclavian trunk —> then enters thoracic duct: left jugular trunk, left subclavian trunk, left bronchomediastinal trunk, vessels from posterior intercostal and mediastinal regions, and vessels from lower trunk and limbs drain into cisterna chyli

Empties into the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

drains 3/4 body

38
Q

Describe specific drainage of the right upper limb

A

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT: tributaries include right jugular trunk, right subclavian trunk, and right bronchomediastinal trunk

Empties into the junction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

39
Q

What are the superficial lymph nodes of the upper limbs and where do they drain?

A
40
Q

What are the superficial lymph nodes of the upper limbs and where do they drain?

A
41
Q

Where do most upper limb lymphatic vessels drain?

A

Deep to axillary nodes

42
Q

What surface area can you palpate on the superficial back and shoulder? (Bones)

A
43
Q

What surface area should you be able to palpate on the back (muscles)?

A
44
Q

What surface should you be able to palpate anteriorly, female?

A
45
Q

What surface anatomy should you be able to palpate, anteriorly male/muscle?

A
46
Q

What surface anatomy should you be able to palpate, anteriorly male/muscle?

A

MD 814 (11 decks)

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