Arm And Anterior Forearm Flashcards
What are the compartments of the arm and forearm?
Anterior and posterior
What are the compartments of the hand?
Thenar, hypothenar, central, and adductor-interosseus
What is the brachial fascia?
Deep investing fascia of the arm
What is the intermuscular septa?
Extensions of the deep investing fascia that attach to the bone. Many of the deep vessels and several of the nerves are located in the intermuscular septa
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment? What is the major action?
Biceps brachii (long and short head)
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Major action is flexion
What innervates the anterior/flexor compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
How is the biceps brachii divided?
Into long and short
Long - from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short - from coracoid process
Where does the biceps brachial attach?
Radial tuberosity distally
Where does the biceps brachial attach?
Radial tuberosity dismally
Which muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?
triceps brachii and anconeus
What is the major action of the posterior arm?
Extension at the elbow
What is the posterior arm innervated by?
Radial nerve
Where does the brachial artery reach?
Only major vessel that reaches the arm and perfuses the flexor compartment (anterior compartment)
What is the extensor compartment perfused by?
Posterior humeral circumflex artery and deep brachial artery
What forms the collateral circulation?
Collateral anastomoses and recurrent branches anastomose around the elbow
What is the axillary nerve vulnerable to?
Vulnerable with fracture to surgical neck
What is the radial nerve vulnerable to?
Becomes vulnerable with humerus midshaft fracture
What is the ulnar nerve vulnerable to?
Vulnerable with humerus medial epicondyle fracture
What is the median nerve vulnerable to?
Vulnerable with distal humerus fracture
What is the cubical fossa?
Region bound by line drawn between medial and lateral humeral epicondyles
Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Bicipital aponeurosis (extension of biceps brachii tendon forming roof of cubital fossa)
What does the cubital fossa contain?
Tendon of biceps brachii
Brachial artery and vein
Median nerve
What do the anterior and posterior forearm have?
Antebrachial fascia (deep investing fascia of forearm enclosing both compartments) and interosseous membrane/intermuscular septa (between radius and ulna to help separate compartments)
What are the layers of the anterior forearm flexor compartment?
superficial and deep layers
Where do most muscles of anterior forearm arise from?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
What are the muscles of superficial layer of anterior forearm?
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum
Describe Pronator teres
Superficial layer
Pronation of forearm
Median nerve
Describe the flexor carpi radialis
Superficial muscle
Hand flexion/abduction
Median nerve
Describe the palmaris longus
superficial muscle
Flexion of hand
Median nerve
Describe the flexor carpi ulnaris
Superficial muscle
Flexion/adduction of hand
Ulnar nerve
Describe the flexor digitorum superficialis
Superficial muscle
Interphalangeal joint flexion
Median nerve
What are the muscles of the deep layer?
flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Protonator quadradus
Describe the flexor digitorum profundus
Deep layer
Flexion at distal interphalangeal joint
Median nerve for digits 2-3 and ulnar for digits 4-5
Describe the flexor pollicis longus
Deep layer
Interphalangeal joint flexion
Median nerve
Describe the protonator quadratus
Deep layer
Pronation of forearm
Median nerve
