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MD 814 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is radiography?

A

X-Ray; photons interact with tissue; attenuated photons don’t make it to detector; photons not attenuated will pass through to be recorded by detector

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2
Q

Define Radiopaque

A

No penetration; appears white

Bone, metal

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3
Q

Define radiolucent

A

complete penetration; appears black

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4
Q

Define shades of grey in context of radiography

A

Partial penetration

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5
Q

What does degree of penetration in radiography depend on?

A

Atomic number and thickness; more absorption = higher atomic number/more thick

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6
Q

What appears the same on radiography?

A

water and soft tissue; although all is relative

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7
Q

What is used for radiographic contrast? How do they appear on radiograph?

A

Iodine or barium; highly attenuated

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8
Q

What are the two radiographic views?

A

Frontal (AP or PA) and lateral

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9
Q

Put these radio densities in order from highest density to lowest: contrast, acute blood, fat, metal, gas, bone, water/soft tissue

A

[high] metal/bone, contrast, acute blood, water/soft tissue, fat, gas [low]

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10
Q

How does computed tomography (CT) work?

A

Ionizing radiation creates cross-sectional images of the body

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11
Q

What plan is a CT taken?

A

Images are acquired in axial (transverse) plane then used to create images in any plane (commonly sagittal or coronal) and is composed of voxels

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12
Q

What does a CT highlight?

A

Tissues of interest for CT are soft tissue, lung window, and bones

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13
Q

What contrast is used for CT?

A

Enteric (oral or rectal): barium or iodine

Intravenous: iodine (barium CANNOT be given IV)

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14
Q

What is the correct verbiage to describe CT?

A

Attenuation

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15
Q

Describe hypo attenuation

A

Darker than background organ

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16
Q

Describe iso attenuation

A

equal in attenuation with background organ

17
Q

Describe hyper attenuation

A

Brighter than background organ

18
Q

Ultrasound is based on the detection and display of what?

A

It is based on the detection and display of acoustic energy (sound waves) reflected from interfaces in the body

19
Q

What is a pro of using ultrasound imaging?

A

No ionizing radiation (pediatrics, pregnant women, etc.)

20
Q

Describe amplitude of ultrasound imaging

A

Amplitude of returned signal indicates strength of reflection; high amplitude appears white and low amplitude appears dark

21
Q

What does timing indicate in ultrasound?

A

The depth at which the echo originated

22
Q

Describe the ultrasound planes used

A

Transverse: oriented like axial in CT scan

Longitudinal: imaging an organ along its axis (either sagittal or coronal)

23
Q

What terminology is used to describe ultrasound?

A

Echogenicity

24
Q

What can be used in CT to better visualize something?

A

enhancement

25
Q

Describe what hypoechoic looks like

A

Darker than background organ

26
Q

Describe what anechoic/echolucent appears like

A

black coloring

27
Q

Describe how hyperechoic appears on an ultrasound

A

Brighter than background or organ; sound does not pass through bone or gas resulting in hyperechoic appearance on screen

28
Q

Describe how objects in movement appear on an ultrasound

A

Stationary objects: no change in frequency of sound wave as it bounces off of target (FR=FT)

Moving objects: target moving towards transducer (FR>FT) and target moving away from transducer (FR<FT)

FR= frequency received
FT= frequency transferred

29
Q

How are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images created?

A

By strong magnetic fields and radio frequency waves: imaging protons (hydrogen atoms in fat and water)

Benefit: no ionizing radiation

Disadvantage: takes a long time

30
Q

Describe a T2 weighted MRI

A

Static fluid appears bright (look for CSF); highlights pathology (edema)

31
Q

Describe T1 weighted MRI

A

static fluid appears dark (look for CSF) and highlights anatomy

32
Q

Describe fat sat for T1 and T2 MRIs

A

Results in low signal intensity in the appearance of fat

33
Q

How can you tell the difference between MRI and CT?

A

Look for bones; bones appear more clearly on CT (i.e., look for ribs)

34
Q

What is the correct terminology for MRI scans?

A

Intensity

35
Q

Describe hypointense

A

Area appears darker than background organ

36
Q

Describe isointense

A

area appears equal in color to background of the organ

37
Q

Describe hyper intense

A

Area appears brighter than background organ

38
Q

What is used for MRI contrast?

A

Gadolinium based - makes tissue appear brighter on T1 weighted MRI (IV); usually use enhancement after to see even better

MD 814 (11 decks)

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